This interview covers Alfred A. Alvarez's service during World War II.

Alfred A. Alvarez was born in 1924 and grew up in Chelsea, Massachusetts. He enlisted in July 1942, and following stateside training, joined the 1st Infantry Division in England. He took part in the Normandy invasion, hitting "Easy Red," Omaha Beach on D-Day. He subsequently saw action in the Champagne campaigns and at Hurtgen Forest, the Battle of the Bulge, and in Czechoslovakia.

Alvarez re-enlisted in the Reserves in 1945, and during his thirty-two years of duty served combat tours in Korea and Vietnam, and was deployed to Central and South America. He was inducted into the United States Army Officer Candidate School (OCS) Hall of Fame in April 2003.

This interview covers Ernest A. Andrews' service during World War II.

Ernest A. Andrews was born in 1923 in Tennessee and was drafted into the United States Army in 1943. He served in the 16th Infantry, H Company, First Infantry Division (Big Red One) until the end of the World War II, and was in combat at Normandy, and in the Rhineland, Central Europe, and Ardennes, France.

This interview covers Joseph L. Argenzio's service in World War II.

Joseph L. Argenzio was born in 1927 New York City, New York. He entered the United States Army in 1944 and, following training, was assigned to the First Infantry Division, 3rd Battalion, 16th Infantry, M Company. On D-Day he was part of the first wave at Omaha Beach, France. Argenzio subsequently saw combat in France, Belgium, and Germany, and participated in the liberation of Falkenau concentration camp in Czechoslovakia.

This interview covers Charles D. Bachman's service in World War II.

Charles D. Bachman enlisted in the United States Navy in 1943 and became a part of the V12 Unit in Champaign, Illinois. A summary of his military services includes: November 1944–1945: Attended Midshipmens School at Columbia University, New York March 1943–1945: Attended Destroyer Schools in Norfolk, Virginia June 1945–August 1945: Attended Tactical Radar School in Hollywood Beach, Florida August 1945–October 1945: Attended Fighter Director School in St. Simons, Georgia November 1945–August 1946: Served as deck officer, Combat Information Center watch officer, and fighter director on board the USS Warrington (DD-843)

John Gilchrist Barrett was born in 1921 in Gastonia, North Carolina. In 1942 he joined the United States Naval Reserves and was commissioned following his graduation from Wake Forest University. Barrett served in the Pacific Theater on the LCI(L)-1052 (Landing Craft Infantry Large). He was discharged in 1946 and enrolled in graduate school, receiving a PhD in history from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Barrett was a Professor of History at VMI from 1953 until his retirement in 1987. He died in 2013 in Lexington, Virginia.

Hobert Bodkin joined the United States Marine Corps in September 1942 and was assigned to the 1st Marine Division in March 1944. He went into combat during the invasion of Peleliu Island, Palau, and in April 1945 took part in the invasion of Okinawa, Japan.

Charles Brooks, a native of North Carolina, was drafted in May 1943. Following stateside service with an Anti-Aircraft Artillery (AAA) unit, he was shipped to Europe where he was assigned to Company A, 16th Infantry Regiment, 1st Division. He served as a first scout until the end of World War II.

Fred Brown was drafted in 1942 at the age of 19. After receiving training at Fort Jackson, South Carolina, he shipped out to the European theater. Brown took part in the Normandy invasion, the Battle of the Bulge, and the Battle of Hurtgen Forest.

Guy B. Burnette was born in 1921 in North Carolina and was drafted in 1942. After training, his unit was stationed in Hawaii for island defense, and after the atomic bombs were dropped on Japan, he was sent there for occupation duty. Following World War II, Burnett returned to North Carolina where he raised a family and was a farmer and construction worker.

This interview covers Stanley Caulkins' service during World War II.

Stanley Caulkins served as a B-17 radio operator in the United States Army Air Force from 1943 to 1946.

Robert L. Cheatham, Jr. graduated from Clemson University, South Carolina, and was commisioned as a second lieutenant through the Reserve Officers' Training Corps (ROTC) program in August 1942. Following training he was shipped overseas and arrived in North Africa on December 26, 1942. On February 13, 1943 he was assigned to C Company, 26th Infantry, First Division. Cheatham was captured by the Germans at Kasserine Pass, Tunisia on February 20, 1943 and was a prisoner of war until he was liberated on April 29, 1945.

This interview contains extensive information about Robert L. Cheatham, Jr.'s experiences as a prisoner of war.

Allen E. Clark enlisted in the United States Marine Corps in 1942 and served during World War II in the Pacific Theater on Bougainville, Guam, and Iwo Jima. He was a member of B Company, 1st Battalion, 21st Marine Regiment, 3rd Marine Division.

This interview covers Glen Cleckler's experiences during World War II.

Glen Cleckler served with the United States Marine Corps during World War II from February 1943 to December 1945. His service included participation in the Battle of Iwo Jima.

This interview primarily covers William H. Collier's service in World War II.

William H. Collier served in World War II in the 106th Cavalry Regiment (mechanized). He participated in several campaigns in Europe, including Normandy, northern France, Rhineland, Ardennes-Alsace, and Central Europe. He also served in the Army of Occupation in Austria. His later career included postings in Korea, Germany, Hawaii, Vietnam, and the Pentagon. He retired in 1971, having obtained the rank of Lieutenant Colonel.

Cyril G. Cousart enlisted in the United States Army in 1942 and became a flight crew member on the B-29 bomber. His unit was stationed at Saipan in the Marianas and he flew on 35 missions over mainland Japan.

Chalmer E. Cowan was born in 1919 in Pennsylvania and was drafted in the United States Army in October 1941. After basic training, he was assigned to Battery A, 27th Field Artillery Battalion. He fought throughout North Africa and Italy during World War II. Cowan was discharged in July 1945.

In this interview, David Cvengros recounts the World War II service of his father George   E. Cvengros (1923-1985).

George   E. Cvengros (1923-1985) served in the 134th Infantry Regiment, Company "F." His unit landed on Omaha Beach on July 5, 1944 and fought throughout France and Germany. He participated in the Battle of the Bulge, Germany, and was in Hannover, Germany when World War II ended.

Joseph O. Dazzo joined the United States Army in 1940 and was assigned to the 1st Infantry Division as a combat medic. He served in North Africa and Sicily, and took part in the Normandy invasion. His unit subsequently fought through France, Belgium, Germany, and Czechoslovakia. Dazzo was discharged in September 1945.

Nathan DeSantis joined the Merchant Marines in December 1941 and is a graduate of the Merchant Marine Academy, Class of 1944. He served throughout World War II on various vessels that carryied cargo in support of combat operations. DeSantis spent his entire career in the Merchant Marines and retired in 1988.

Robert Fred Dexter was born in Massachusetts in 1925. He joined the United States Army in January 1944 and served in World War II, Korea, Central and South America, and in Vietnam. Following the end of his Army service in 1971, he began a career with the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms.

Mark R. Dixon grew up on a farm in York County  , South Carolina, and was drafted in the United States Army in July 1945. He served one year with the First Infantry Division during the post-World War II occupation of Germany.

This interview covers Walter M. Duncan, Sr.'s stateside pilot training.

Walter M. Duncan, Sr. entered the United States Army Air Forces in November 1943 and received flight training on several aircraft before being assigned to the B-24.

Howard Dunfee was drafted in 1943 into the United States Army and was assigned to the 1st Infantry Division. He landed in Normandy on three days after D-Day and served as a front line infantryman, machine gun bearer, and gunner until he was seriously wounded near Aachen, Germany. After receiving treatment in several hospitals, Dunfee returned to the United States and was discharged in April 1945.

Allen D. Evans was born and raised in Indiana and is a decorated veteran of World War II. He enlisted in the United States Army in December 1942 and served in Europe with the 76th Field Artillery Battalion. He was a Staff Sergeant in charge of the Fire Direction Center and saw action throughout the European Theater of Operations (ETO), including the battles at Remagen, Germany and Ardennes Forest, France.

Robert R. Fair was born in Kansas in 1925. After spending a semester at Louisiana State University in the Army Specialized Training Program (ASTP), he entered the regular United States Army in mid-December 1943. He was assigned to the 100th Infantry Division, arriving in Europe (Marseille, France) in October 1944. Fair fought on the front lines as the Division moved through France and Germany until he was wounded in April 1945.

William C. Farmer was born in 1926 and joined the United States Navy after graduating from high school in 1944. He was stationed aboard an LSM (Landing Ship Medium) serving in the Pacific theater. His vessel operated in the Mariana Islands and supported the invasion of Okinawa, Japan in the Spring of 1945.

This interview covers Edward L. Feightner's experiences throughout his career, including his service in World War II and as a test pilot and member of the "Blue Angels."

Edward Feightner was designated as a Naval Aviator in 1942, commissioned as an Ensign from that date, and subsequently progressed in rank to that of Rear Admiral 1971. During his distinguished career, he served in World War II as an Engineering Officer for various squadrons that operated in the Pacific theater. He was a test pilot and a member of the "Blue Angels," and has over twenty years of experience in command of squadrons, airwings, ships, training units, and major staffs.

William Funkhouser, a decorated veteran of World War II, grew up in the Shenandoah Valley near Strasburg, Virginia. He joined the United States Army in February 1943 and served with F Company, 16th Regiment, First Infantry Division (Big Red One). He landed in Normandy on D-Day, June 6, 1944, and subsequently fought in the Battle of the Bulge.

Donald E. Furman grew up in Pennsylvania and was drafted in 1941. He served as a light tank driver in the European theater where his unit was assigned to reconnaissance duty.

Roy George   was born in 1927 in New Jersey and enlisted in the United States Navy in August 1944. During his time in service, he completed Aviation A and B Schools and was assigned to service seaplanes and other aircraft. George   received an honorable discharge in August 1948, leaving the Navy as an Aviation Metalsmith, 2nd Class Petty Officer.

Frank J. Haggerty enlisted in the United States Army Air Corps on December 8, 1941, one day after the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. Following stateside training as an aircraft mechanic, he shipped overseas and was stationed at Polebrook Army Air Force Station (Northamptonshire, United Kingdom) home of the Eighth Air Force. Haggerty's unit (320th Service Squadron attached to the 351st Bomb Group) serviced the B-17 Flying Fortress. At the end of World War II Haggerty remained in the Air Force for a total of 20 years, retiring in 1962.

This interview covers R. "Hap" Halloran experiences on B-29 missions and his time as a prisoner of war.

R. "Hap" Halloran served in the United States Army Air Force during World War II. He was a B-29 navigator with the 73rd Wing, 499th Bomb Group, 878th Squadron, flying missions over Japan from a base in Saipan, northern Marianas. Halloran was shot down over Japan on January 27, 1945 and became a prisoner of war.

John Selden Halsey, VMI Class of 1943, entered the United States Army in May 1943. A decorated combat veteran, he served in Europe with the 116th Mechanized Reconnaissance Squadron and was wounded in action in Germany in February 1945.

R. Marlowe Harper was attending the University of Alabama when he was drafted in 1942. He was trained in radar and was ground crew member for the B-29 bomber, maintaining the gun laying set. Harper spend the last 8 months of World War II on Guam, where he supported missions bombing oil refineries in Japan. He was attached to the 20th Air Force, 15th Bomb Wing, 21st Squadron.

Jerome "Bud" Holzman served in Europe with the United States Army 94th Infantry Division from March 1945 to August 1945. As World War II came to an end, his unit was assigned to patrol, guard, and similar occupation duties in Germany and Czechoslovakia. He spent the final three months of his overseas duty at George   S. Patton's 3rd Army Headquarters.

William Howard enlisted in the United States Navy in 1939 and attended boot camp at the Great Lakes Naval Station, Illinois. He served in the Asiatic Fleet from 1939-1943. After leaving the Navy, he worked in a munitions factory.

This interview covers John P. Irby III's training and includes coverage of his service in World War II with Company C of the 86th Reconnaissance Squadron of the 6th Armored Division, in General George   S. Patton's 3rd Army, and the 3rd Armored Division.

John Poindexter Irby III, VMI Class of 1944, was inducted into the United States Army in 1943, graduated from Officer Candidate School in 1944 and was first assigned to the 30th Cavalry Reconnaissance Squadron in Fort Riley, Kansas.

Carl F. Jenkins grew up on a dairy farm near Gastonia, North Carolina. He was drafted in August 1944 at the age of 18. After completing basic training, he was sent overseas as a replacement in the Big Red One during the Battle of the Bulge. Jenkins was wounded by scrapnel on February 28, 1945 and was awarded the Bronze Star and Purple Heart.

John R. Kershaw, a World War II veteran, served as a B-17 bomber pilot in Europe. Following training he was assigned to the 92nd Bomb Group, 327th Squadron, at Podington, England. Kershaw flew numerous combat missions, bombing targets over Germany.

Frank E. King   was born in 1922 in Wythe County  , Virginia. He volunteered for the United States Army in September 1942 and served with Headquarters Company, 2nd Battalion, 16th Infantry Regiment, 1st Infantry Division throughout World War II. King   was in North Africa, Sicily, and landed at Omaha Beach on D-Day. He subsequently saw action in other major battles, including Huertgen Forest, Germany, and the Battle of the Bulge. King   served overseas for more than 30 months and was awarded several decorations, including the Bronze Star.

Vice Admiral Jerome H. King  , Jr. received his commission in the United States Navy in 1941, following his graduation from Yale University. His distinguished career began with service in the Pacific Theater during World War II and continued for over three decades until his retirement from active duty in 1974.

Edmund B. Kinter joined the United States Merchant Marines in 1943 and served on Liberty ships carrying ammunition and supplies across the Atlantic.

Leonard G. Lawton was born in 1919 in Orlando, Florida and entered the United States Marine Corps following his graduation from Stetson University in 1941. After completing boot camp and officer training, he served with the 1st Marine Division in the Pacific Theater where he saw extensive action and witnessed firsthand the conditions of jungle fighting. Lawton was awarded: The Silver Star for action on Guadalcanal The Purple Heart for a wound received in November 1942 Two Presidential Unit citations one personal letter of citation from Admiral William Halsey

Walter Luikart joined the United States Merchant Marines in 1943. He served on nine ships, including Liberty ships that carried cargo and on troop ships in the English Channel that delivered soldiers and vehicles to the beachhead. Luikart's assignments took him to the North Atlantic, Indian Ocean, and Mediterranean Sea. He left the service in 1947.

Demetrius "Pete" Lypka was born in 1918 in New Jersey and enlisted in the United States Army in 1941. He was assigned to the 1st Infantry Division, 16th Infantry, Company G and served until the end of World War II, seeing action in North Africa, Italy, France, and Germany. Lypka was discharged in July 1945 and returned home to start a career as a carpenter.

Alexander Marsh enlisted in the United States Army in June 1942. He served as a 57mm anti-tank gun platoon commander with the 106th Infantry and was deployed to Europe. He was captured in the Ardennes, France on December 16, 1944 and spent three months in Stalag IX, Germany.

Charles H. McKinney was born in 1920 in Selma, Alabama and joined the United States Army during the early days of World War II. After completing Officer Candidate School (OCS) in 1942, he joined the 509th Parachute Battalion in North Africa. He subsequently saw combat in Italy, France, and Belgium. McKinney also fought with the 505th Regiment, 82nd Airborne Division during the Korean War. He retired from active duty in 1962.

Alexander Michnewich was born in 1923 in Brooklyn, New York. From 1943 to 1946 he served in the United States Army Corps of Engineers, 1905th Aviation Battalion, and was stationed in the China-Burma-India theater.

Robert Moberg joined the United States Marine Corps in April 1943. After initial assignments, his unit was sent to Camp Tarawa, Hawaii, to join the 5th Marine Division and train for the invasion of Japan. He was en route to Japan when World War II ended, and went into Japan as part of the occupation forces.

This interview covers Malcolm Muir, Sr.'s experiences in World War II.

Malcolm Muir, Sr. served with the United States Naval Reserve from 1942 to 1945 as an Armed Guard officer on board the SS Booker T. Washington (troop ship, Liberty ship), the Sinclair H-C (merchant tanker), and the SS Carleton Ellis (merchant tanker, Liberty ship).

Wilma Murray joined the United States Army Nurse Corps in 1941. After stateside training, she shipped overseas to England. She subsequently was deployed to Normandy and landed on Omaha Beach 10 days after D-Day. Murray served in evacuation hospitals attached to the 1st Army, treating the wounded as the troops fought through France and Belgium. At the end of the War, she was in Germany where she cared for tuberculosis patients in the liberated Buchenwald concentration camp.

This interview covers James B. Naughton's experiences during World War II.

James B. Naughton served for three years in the United States Marine Corps. Much of that time was spent in the hospital due to serious injuries received as a result of combat action during the Battle of Iwo Jima in 1945. Naughton is a successful accountant and worked at Naughton, Cesario and Company, which he began following his military service.

Guy C. Nicely, Jr. grew up in Lexington, Virginia and is a decorated veteran of World War II. He was drafted in the United States Army in February 1943 and soon joined the First Division, the Big Red One. After serving briefly in Sicily, Italy, his unit was sent to England to train for the D-Day invasion on June 6, 1944. He landed on Omaha Beach and later fought in the Battle of the Bulge. He received both the Bronze Star and the Purple Heart.

Edwin A. "Ned" Noble grew was born in 1922 in Bethel, Vermont and attended Tufts University after graduating from high school. He was drafted in the United States Army in 1944 and was assigned to the 1st Infantry Division, serving in the Ardennes, Rhineland, and Central Europe. He subsequently served as Acting Battalion Sergeant major during occupation duty in Nuremberg, Germany. Noble died on January 3, 2013 in Washington, D.C.

Cononel Anthony J. Perna (Retired) had a distinguished thirty year career in the United States Air Force and was among the youngest officers to reach the rank of Colonel. During World War II he served as a flight instructor for B-17s and B-24s. He was subsequently involved in both the Berlin Airlift (Germany) and in the creation of the United States flight simulation program. Perna also had assignments as the Defense Attaché to Israel during the Six Day War, in the Strategic Air Command (SAC) during the Cold War, and he served on the staff of the Joint Chiefs at the Pentagon.

This interview covers George   Porter's experiences during and after World War II, and includes discussion of the racial prejudice that black soldiers encountered in the United States Army and in society at large.

George   Porter enlisted in the United States Army at the beginning of the World War II and served at the famed Tuskegee Army Air Field, Alabama as a mechanic ground crew chief. He worked primarily on the P-40 and was responsible for training the mechanics who supported the Tuskegee Fighter Squadrons.

This interview covers Carl D. Proffitt's experiences in World War II.

Carl D. Proffitt enlisted in the National Guard of Virginia in 1939 and reported for active duty on February 3, 1941, at Fort George   G. Meade, Maryland. He shipped overseas to England in September of 1942. He served with K Company, 116th Infantry, 29th Division, for the D-Day Invasion. Among his numerous decorations are the Distinguished Service Cross, the Silver Star, two Bronze Stars, three Purple Hearts, the Good Conduct Medal, the Pre Pearl Harbor Medal, the Combat Infantry Badge, the French Freedom Medal, and the State of Virginia Distinguished Service Award.

Julian M. Quarles, Jr. served as an United States Army infantry officer (36th Division) during World War II, taking part in the landing at Salerno, Italy. He and another officer were captured, escaped from the prison train carrying them to Germany, and then made their way back to their outfit after 33 days behind German lines.

During World War II, Richard Rathmell served as a 3rd Assistant Engineer on a merchant marine vessel. His ships made ammunition runs in support of the war effort, including a North Atlantic crossing to supply the Battle of the Bulge.

Emmett F. Reagan was born in 1924 in Norfolk, Virginia and joined the United States Navy in 1942. After completing flight school, he served as a pilot in the Pacific Theater flying search and destroy missions.

This interview covers John M. Remaly's experiences during World War II.

John M. Remaly served in the United States Army Air Force from 1943 to 1945. He was an engineer on a B-24 Liberator bomber, flying in India, Burma, and China with the 10th Army Air Force. He was seriously burned when his plan made a crash landing on July 29, 1944.

This interview covers William Repke's experiences during World War II.

William Repke enlisted in the United States Army in 1938 with the 102nd Cavalry. He went overseas to England in September 1942, then to Algiers, Africa in January of 1943. His unit was transferred to Italy and went into combat in Rome. He made the invasion of South France with the 117th Cavalry Squadron. Repke received a Battlefield Commission in October 1944, transferred to the 36th Infanty Division and then served six months in combat with Company B, 142nd Infantry. He was discharged in September 1945, having received the European Theater of Operations (ETO) Service Ribbon with five battle stars and one arrowhead, the Presidential Unit Citation, Combat Infantry Badge, Silver Star, and Bronze Star.

This interview covers Charles A. Riley's post-World War Two United States Air Force career.

Charles A. Riley joined the United States Navy in 1943 at the age of 16. During World War II he served with the Navy's Scouts and Raiders, participating with the United States Marines in several campaigns, including the landing at Iwo Jima, Japan. Following the War he enrolled in college and subsequently joined the United States Army (Airborne) and then transferred to the Air Force, serving as an aviator. He flew missions in both Korea and Vietnam. Riley retired from active duty in 1970.

Kenneth D. Rupe was drafted into the United States Army in May 1942 and was assigned to hospital administration in the 300th General Hospital. The unit shipped overseas in the fall of 1943 and Rupe spent the bulk of the war in Naples, Italy in the 300th Headquarters.

This interview covers Edward A. Ryan's experiences during World War II.

Edward A. Ryan served with the United States Army, 29th Infantry, from 1943 to 1946.

Robert Sams enlisted in the United States Coast Guard in 1943. He spent 17 months at sea aboard the USS Cambria (APA 36) and participated in landing troops in the Marshall and Mariana Islands, the Philippines, Saipan, and Okinawa (Japan). Sams was also part of the first United States forces to land at Nagasaki, Japan six weeks after an atomic bomb destroyed the city.

This interview covers Luther J. Schilling's experiences during World War II.

Luther J. Schilling served with the United States Army, G-3 106th Infantry Division, Army of Occupation in Germany from 1944 to 1946.

Arthur Schintzel is a decorated veteran of World War II and the recipient of two Purple Hearts. He was drafted in 1942 and served in Europe with the United States Army 16th Infantry, First Infantry Division. He took part in the Normandy, France invasion on D-Day and was seriously wounded in action.

This interview covers the invasion of Normandy, France and Charles Shaeff's time in the United States Navy Reserves.

Charles B. Shaeff served in the United States Navy Reserves from June 24, 1943 to March 24, 1946.

First Lieutenant Gale Shreffler joined the United States Army Air Force in 1941. He was a B-29 Navigator based on Tinian Island, Marianas Islands where he served with the 313th Bomb Wing, 504th Bomb Group. Shreffler took part in bombing raids over Japan and crash landed on Iwo Jima in July 1945.

Alfred St. Clair was born in Bedford County  , Virginia in 1918. He was drafted into the United States Army in July 1941 and served until the end of World War II. He was with the Fifth Army in England, North Africa, and Italy, including the Battle of Anzio (Italy). He is the recipient of the Purple Heart.

Philip O. Stewart enlisted in the United States Army in 1941. His first assignments were stateside with an anti-aircraft artillery battalion. In 1944 he shipped overseas and joined the First Division at the Roer River (Germany) crossing. Stewart fought with the unit in Germany until he was seriously wounded near the end of World War II.

Jack Talbot grew up in New Jersey and was working as a riveter when he was drafted into the United States Army in 1942. He shipped overseas in March 1943 and was assigned as a radioman at Headquarters Company, 1st Battalion, 26th Infantry. Talbot's unit served in North Africa, Sicily, France, and Germany until the end of World War II.

This interview covers Samuel Tarkenton's experiences during his United States Army service.

Samuel Tarkenton grew up in Norfolk, Virginia, and was drafted into the United States Army in March 1944. He shipped overseas as an infantry replacement in Company D, 26th Infantry, 1st Infantry Division. He fought in the Battle of the Bulge, in Czechloslovakia, and during the early part of the occupation was assigned to the war crimes trials in Nuremberg, Germany. Tarkenton was discharged in March 1946 and returned home to a career at the Norfolk Shipyard.

George   J. Tompkins, Jr. enlisted in the United States Army in September 1942. He went overseas in 1943 and was assigned as a radio operator with the 1st Signal Company, 1st Infantry Division. Following time in North Africa, Sicily, and England, Tompkins participated in the Normandy (France) landing on D-Day and subsequently went into Belgium and Germany where he was in the Battle of Hurtgen Forest. He was discharged in October 1945.

This interview covers Meeks B. Vaughan's early years growing up in Timpton County  , Tennessee, as well as his experiences during World War II.

Captain Meeks B. Vaughan commissioned into the United States Army Air Force as a 2nd Lieutenant in June 1942 while at the University of Tennessee. From March 1944 to October 1945 he was stationed at Guadalcanal (Solomon Islands), Bougainville (Solomon Islands), Leyte (Philippines), Morotai (Indonesia), and Palawan (Philippines), serving as an Intelligence Officer (S-2) and Captain.

A decorated veteran of World War II, William H. Wills was born in 1919 in New York City. He joined the United States Army in October 1940 and was assigned to the First Infantry Division, First Engineer Combat Battalion, B Company. Wills served for the entire war, fighting in North Africa, Tunisia, Sicily (Italy), and taking part in the D-Day landing on Omaha Beach (France). He subsequently fought in the Battle of the Bulge and ended the War in Czechoslovakia. After the War he served for 27 years as an officer with the New York City Police Department.

Colonel Tyson Wilson served with the United States Marine Corps (active duty and Reserves) from 1941 to 1977. For his service he received the Bronze Star with Combat V, the Purple Heart, and two Presidential Unit Citations (Guadalcanal and Tarawa).

This interview covers Tyson Wilson's service in World War II (2nd Marine Division) and briefly his time teaching Combat Intelligence at Quantico, Virginia, and his years teaching with the Economics, History and Army Reserve Officers' Training Corps (ROTC) departments at Virginia Military Institute.

This interview covers William D. Badgett's experiences in Korea.

William D. Badgett graduated from VMI in 1953 and served in the United States Air Force as a 1st Lieutenant from November 1953 to July 1955. From July 1954 to 1955 he was stationed in Korea. He served with the 608th Aircraft Control and Warning Squadron, first with Detachment #1 (Target Director Post) and then with Detachment #2 on the island of Pyongyang-do (radar surveillance). Badgett joined the VMI faculty in the fall of 1955 and spent his entire teaching career at VMI.

In 1957 Ovid Belt enlisted in the United States Army and served two years active duty and two years in the reserves. He deployed overseas to Korea with the 34th Infantry Division and later saw stateside duty with the 14th Infantry Division.

Colonel Wesley L. Fox enlisted in the United States Marines on August 4, 1950, and served two tours with the 1st Marine Division in Korea. He commissioned as a 2nd Lieutenant in 1966, and was first assigned to the 2nd Force Reconnaissance. He subsequently had numerous other assignments during his long and distinguished career. Fox's many decorations include the Medal of Honor and the Purple Heart.

Vernon A. Good served with the United States Marines from September of 1950 through November of 1951. He in the Inchon–Seoul Campaign, Wonsan Hungnam Chosin Campaign, North Korea. Good has received the following awards: Korean Service Medal with the Silver Star National Defense Medal Presidential Unit Citation (three times) United Nations Service Medal Korea Presidential Unit Citation–Foreign (two times)

This interview covers Vernon A. Good's experiences during the Korean War.

This interview covers Raymond A. Johnson's United States Marine Corps career and his experiences during the Korean War.

Technical Sergeant Raymond A. Johnson served with the United States Marine Corps from 1948 to 1952.

Joseph W. Kovac enlisted in the United States Navy in 1950 and served during the Korean War aboard the destroyer USS Allen M. Sumner (DD 692). The ship was active in Pusan, Korea, where the mission was to prevent the progress of enemy supply trains. Kovac left the Navy in 1954 and returned to civilian life.

Leonard L. Lewane commissioned in the United States Army following his graduation from VMI in 1950 and rose to the rank of Colonel before retiring in 1974. During the Korean War (1950-1953) he served with the 72nd Tank Battalion, 2nd Infantry Division and the 64th Tank Battalion, 3rd Infantry Divison. During the Vietnam War (1965-1966) he served with the 1st Squadron, 4th Cavalry "Quarter Horse", 1st Division "Big Red One." Lewane's Cold War assignments in Germany included Commander, 1st Brigade, 1st Armored Division (1972-1973) and Chief of Staff, United States Army Berlin (1973-1974).

This interview primarily covers Charles W. McKellar's experiences in the Korean War.

Charles W. McKellar served with the United States Army Transport Service (1944-1945), the United States Marine Corps (1945–1949 and 1951–1966), and with the United States Marine Corps Reserve (1949–1951).

This interview covers Bill R. Penn's experiences in the Korean War as a corpsman and as a prisoner of war.

Bill Rivers Penn, MD, served in the United States Navy from 1950 to 1955. This included a tour of duty with the United States Marines from November 1952 to May 1953 as a Fleet Marine Force (FMF) corpsman.

John T. Pepper served with the Air National Guard as a mechanic prior to the Korean War. During the War he served as an infantryman.

This interview covers John T. Pepper's years of military service.

From 1972 to 1973, Terry G. Allison served in the United States Navy as an Petty Officer Second Class, Aviation Storekeeper in San Diego (California), Millington (Tennessee), Yorktown (Virginia), and Vietnam.

This interview covers Terry G. Allison's experiences during the Vietnam War.

Brigadier General Norman Michael Bissell graduated from VMI in 1961 and commissioned in the United States Army, retiring in 1987. He served two tours as a combat helicopter pilot in Vietnam. His other assignments included: Commander of the 17th Aviation Group Commander of the Joint Republic of Korea Army and the United States Army Combined Aviation Force Director of the United States Army Flight Training and Deputy Chief and Acting Chief of Staff of the 101st Airborne Division (Air Assault) Two years in the Joint Chiefs of Staff at the Pentagon as Executive Officer to the Director of Operations (J3).

This interview covers Lawrence E. Boese's three tours of duty in Vietnam (1968-1972) with particular emphasis upon Operation Linebacker. During the "Linebacker" period, he served as a F-4D/E aircraft commander, instructor pilot, and mission commander with the 308th Tactical Fighter Squadron out of Homestead Air Force Base, Florida.

Lawrence E. Boese joined the United States Air Force following his graduation from VMI in 1966 and rose to the rank of Lieutenant General before retiring in 1996.

After commissioning in 1967, Michael L. Bozeman spent three years in the United States Army, including a year in Vietnam, where he served with distinction as a platoon leader and commanded a Long Range Reconnaissance Patrol Unit. His awards and decorations include the Silver Star, Bronze Star, Legion of Merit, Air Medal, Meritorious Service Medal, the Combat Infantryman's Badge, and the Ranger Tab. He is also a retired Brigadier General in the United States Army Reserve.

This interview covers Michael L. Bozeman's service in Vietnam.

This interview covers George   M. Brooke III's career with the United States Marine Corps.

George   M. Brooke, III, was a commissioned officer in the United States Marine Corps from 1967 to 1994, retiring at rank of Colonel. A summary of his military service includes: 1968-1969: First Marine Division, Vietnam, as an artillery forward observer and battery fire direction officer 1969-1972: United States Field Artillery School, Fort Sill, Oklahoma, as an Instructor, Gunnery Department 1973-1974: Third Marine Division, Okinawa, Japan, as a Rifle Company Commander 1974-1975: Marine Detachment, USS Canopus (AS-34), Holy Loch, Scotland, as a Commanding Officer 1976-1979: Second Marine Division, Camp Lejeune, North Carolina, as a Battalion Operations Officer, Logistics Officer, and Artillery Battery Commanding Officer 1983-1984: Headquarters, United States Marine Corps, Washington, D.C., as a Maritime Prepositioning Ships (MPS) Program Project Officer 1985-1986: III Marine Amphibious Force, Okinawa, Japan, as a Force Plans Officer 1986-1991: 1st Marine Corps District, Garden City, New York, as a Commanding Officer, Executive Officer, and Operations Officer 1991-1994: Joint Staff, Pentagon, in Washington, D.C., as a Division Chief, J-7 Directorate.

Bayes L. Bryant was born in Washington, D.C. in 1948 and enlisted in the United States Army in March 1968. He served until January 1972, completing two combat tours in Vietnam.

Captain Lloyd C. Burger graduated from the United States Coast Guard Academy in New London, Connecticut, and served with the Coast Guard from 1960 to 1988.

This interview covers Leland H. Burgess' career as a helicopter pilot during the Vietnam War.

Colonel Leland H. Burgess commissioned at the University of Alabama as a 2nd lieutenant of artillery in May of 1965. He entered active duty in February of 1966 and underwent Artillery Basic Training at Fort Sill, Oklahoma. Burgess was a helicopter pilot in the Vietnam War from July 1967 to February 1968.

Richard F. Cayo served with the United States Navy from 1952 to 1973, serving on the USS Rushmore (LSD-47), USS Rankin (AKA-103), USS Cambria (APA-36), USS Okinawa (LPH-3), and USS DuPont (DD-941).

An infantry officer, Colonel William H. Dabney served 37 years in the Marine Corps, including two tours in Vietnam. He earned numerous citations, including the Silver Star, two Bronze Stars and two Vietnamese Crosses of Gallantry, and the Navy Cross. While in Vietnam, he commanded India Company, 3rd Battalion, 26th Marines, on Hill 881S during the Battle of Khe Sanh, for which he was awarded the Navy Cross in 2005.

Charles L. Dailey grew up in Pennsylvania, attending college there and in Indiana. He joined the United States Army in 1957, went through flight school, and was rated to fly both rotary and fixed wing aircraft. Dailey served two tours of duty in Vietnam, piloting the U-1A "Otter" and the twin-engine U-8D.

Terry J. Davis commissioned in the United States Army as a 2nd Lieutenant in April 1968 and entered active duty at Fort Bliss, Texas in September. He was assigned to the 1st Air Cavalry Division, serving in the Vietnam War from September 1969 to June 1970. Davis was a forward observer attached to an infantry company responsible for patrolling the jungles in the region known as the "corridors" to Saigon. He also participated in the invasion of Cambodia.

Lieutenant Colonel Lee S. Dewald served on active duty with the United States Army from 1969 to 1992. His military service included time as a Brigade Assistant (Operations), 3rd Brigade, 1st Cavalry Division, Vietnam, during which he planned combat intelligence operations for two air cavalry troops, a ranger company, and was involved in many other intelligence-related assignments. Dewald also was a Professor of Applied Mathematics at VMI, retiring in 2017.

This interview covers Lee S. Dewald's military career and experiences in Vietnam and the Hague as well as his time as a cadet at the Citadel.

This interview covers Blaise S. DiMartino's service in the United States Navy.

Blaise S. DiMartino served in the United States Navy from September 1966 to August 1970 as a machinery repairman, 3rd class. He spent one year in Vietnam aboard a river boat repair ship and 24 months aboard the USS Monticello (LSD-35), in the Pacific Region.

This interview focuses on Floyd H. Duncan's tour of duty in Vietnam (1966-1967) and on his service in the Army Reserves during the Vietnam era.

Floyd H. Duncan graduated from VMI in 1964 and was on active duty in the United States Army from 1965 to 1967. He subsequently served in the Army Reserves. From 1978 to 2013 he was a member of the VMI faculty.

This interview covers Ronald A. Erchul's years of active duty (1961-1981).

Captain Ronald A. Erchul spent twenty years in the United States Navy following his graduation from the Naval Academy in 1961. An ocean engineer, he received a Master's degree from the Naval Post-Graduate School and a PhD from the University of Rhode Island.

These interviews cover Alan F. Farrell's Special Forces training and experiences in the Vietnam War.

Alan F. Farrell was born in 1945 in Hanover, New Hampshire and joined the United States Army (Special Forces) in 1966, serving in Vietnam from 1968 to 1970. Following his Army service, Farrell received a Bachelor's, Master's, and PhD from Tufts University and began a career in higher education.

Admiral William J. Flanagan commissioned in the United States Navy in 1967 and was selected for flag rank in his 20th year of service. He was subsequently among the youngest officers to achieve four star rank. During his 29-year career, he served in all theaters of operations, including the Vietnam War, Persian Gulf War, and Iraq War. Flanagan served as: Commander, United States Second Fleet Commander of North Atlantic Treaty Organization's (NATO) Striking Fleet Commander in Chief, United States Atlantic Fleet NATO's Commander-in-Chief, Western Atlantic Among his many military decorations are the Navy and Defense Distinguished Service Medals. Flanagan retired from the Navy in 1996.

Robert L. Gardner served in the Vietnam War as a United States Army avionics technician in the 56th Battalion, 330th Company and attached to the 611th Company. He worked primarily on helicopters.

William Grady went through United States Army basic training at Fort Jackson, South Carolina and then on to Fort Riley, Kansas, where he was with the 1st Division, 26th Infantry, C Company. He served in Vietnam and left the armed services as a Specialist 4.

Thomas Turner went through United States Army basic training at Fort Jackson, South Carolina, and then went to Fort Sam Houston, Texas for medical training. In Vietnam he served as a line medic for approximately eleven months in the field, one month in the rear. Upon his return from Vietnam, he worked in Fort Belvoir, Virginia, in the flight surgeon's office.

Arbury Daryl Hooker was drafted in June of 1969 into the United States Army Special Forces and served with Project Phoenix during the Vietnam War. During his military career he was stationed in Korea (1973-1974), Fort Bragg, California (1974-1976), Fort Greely, Alaska (1979), and Fort Eustis, Virginia (1979-1983). He also served with Task Force 160th Delta Force from 1983 to 1987 and in 1987, the Virginia Army National Guard.

This interview covers Arbury D. Hooker's experiences in the Vietnam War, Korea, and Grenada.

This interview primarily covers Robert M. Hudson's service in the Vietnam War.

Colonel Robert M. Hudson served as a pilot with the United States Air Force and was a prisoner of war for 93 days in Vietnam. During his career he flew the T-39, B-52F, B-52D, B-52H, FB-111, F-100 and F-16. He served as: Chief, battlestaff, Looking Glass Base Commander, Brooks Air Force Base, Texas Base Commander at a classified location Inspector General, Ramstein Air Base, Germany Director of Strategic Air Command, Strategic Communication Division

Brigadier General William C. Jones was appointed to the United States Air Force Academy in 1960 and received his commission as a Second Lieutenant in 1964. Upon completion of F-105 training in 1967, he was assigned to the 333rd Tactical Fighter Squadron, Takhli, Thailand, where he flew 189 combat missions, 123 over North Vietnam. Jones is a command pilot with over 6,000 flying hours in the T-33, T-37, T-38, F-102, F-105, F-106, A-7, C-26, and F-16 aircraft, including over 562 combat hours. He served as Assistant Adjutant General for Air, Headquarters, Virginia Air National Guard, based at Richmond International Airport, in Sandston. He retired in May 2001.

General John P. Jumper, VMI Class of 1966, retired in 2005 after a distinguished 39 year career. He served as the 17th Chief of Staff of the United States Air Force from 2001 to 2005.

Ronald W. Kosh enlisted in the United States Air Force in October 1962 and trained in air traffic control and combat control. His overseas deployments included assignments in the Philippines, Vietnam, Thailand, and Laos. Missions during the Vietnam War included deployment with Special Forces units and providing forward air control for interdiction of North Vietnamese Army materiel.

Captain Jerold L. Krumwiede graduated from the United States Naval Academy in 1954 and served until 1980. Following graduation he was assigned duty as Gunnery Officer on USS Frank Knox (DDR 742). In 1957, he attended United States Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, earning an Master of Science in physics. His West Coast career focused on nuclear weapons at the Nuclear Weapons Training Command, and engineering assignments on USS Yorktown (CV 10) and Commander Destroyer Squadron 17 Staff. He became the Executive Officer of USS Morton (DD 748) serving tours in Vietnam theater.

On the East Coast, Krumwiede attended the Naval War College, concurrently earning an Master of Science in international affairs. This duty was followed by two years on the academic staff of the United States Naval Academy. This was followed by two years as Commanding Officer, USS Mullinix (DD 944). He served as Surface Operations Officer on COMCARGROUP FOUR Staff, followed by two years as Fleet Readiness Officer, CINCUSNAVEUR Staff, London, England. Following this duty he served four years on the Deputy Chief of Naval Operations for Surface Warfare Staff, in command and control and electronic warfare programs.

Major General James E. Livingston retired in 1995 after more than 33 continuous years of active duty in the United States Marine Corps. His last assignment was as Commander of the Marine Forces Reserve in New Orleans, Louisiana. He commissioned as a Second Lieutenant in 1962 and promoted to Captain in 1966, serving as the Commanding Officer of the Marine detachment aboard the aircraft carrier USS Wasp (CV 18), before joining the 3rd Marine Division (Reinforced) in the Republic of Vietnam in August 1967.

On May 2, 1968, while serving as the Commanding Officer, Company E, 2nd Battalion, 4th Marines, Livingston distinguished himself above and beyond the call of duty in action against enemy forces and earned the Congressional Medal of Honor. After his second tour in Vietnam, he served as an instructor at the Army's Infantry School, Director of Division Schools for the 1st Marine Division and, later, as the S-3 for 3rd Battalion, 7th Marines. In March 1975, he returned to Vietnam and served as the Operations Officer for the Vietnam evacuation operations which included Operation "Frequent Wind," the evacuation of Saigon.

This interview covers James E. Livingston's experiences in Vietnam.

Lieutenant Colonel Paul B. Maini (VMI Class of 1966) served 20 years with the United States Army Infantry, Aviation. He servied in Vietnam from 1969 to 1970 and Korea from 1977 to 1979.

This interview covers Paul B. Maini's service in the Vietnam War.

Richard C. Marshall, Jr. (VMI Class of 1965) entered the United States Air Force in December 1966 and trained as an F-4 Phantom pilot. He served three tours of duty in Vietnam where he was a forward air controller and also participated in rescue operations for downed pilots.

This interview covers John G. Miller's experiences in the Vietnam War.

Colonel John G. Miller served in the United States Marines Corps from 1957 to 1985. During his career he spent two tours in Vietnam, the first as a rifle company commander and battalion assistant operation officer (1965-1966), and the second time as a Co-van advisor to the Vietnamese Marines (1970-1971).

Lieutenant Colonel Richard S. Miller (Retired) graduated from VMI in 1960 and commissioned in the United States Army as a 2nd Lieutenant, Infantry. His active duty assignments include: 7th Infantry Division, Korea 5th Special Forces Group, Vietnam Analyst in the Offices of the Secretary of Defense and Secretary of the Army Assistant Professor (mathematics) at West Point, New York Instructor at the United States Navy Postgraduate School, California Miller retired from active duty in 1980.

This interview covers William Moriarty's experiences during the Vietnam War.

William Moriarty commissioned in the United States Marine Corps in 1959. In May 1964 he participated in an On the Job Training (OJT) program and was assigned to the 32nd Vietnamese Ranger Battalion as an advisor. In 1967 he was assigned to the Vietnamese Marine Corps.

This interview covers Jeffrey H. Mosher's experiences in the Vietnam War.

Jeffrey H. Mosher served in the United States Army from 1970 through 1973, during which time he achieved the rank of Specialist and was a helicopter crew chief door gunner. At the time of this interview he was a Chief Petty Officer with the United Navy Seabees.

Sergeant Major (Retired) John Ohmer enlisted in the United States Army in 1963. He received aviation training as a crew chief, working with Cobra and Huey helicopters during his three tours of duty in Vietnam. He subsequently worked as a recruiter, retiring from service in 1990.

This interview covers Wesley I. Rahn's experiences throughout his United States Air Force career.

Wesley I. Rahn joined the United States Air Force in 1961 and retired in 1981. He was stationed at Ft. George   G. Meade (at the time, Tipton Army Air Field), Maryland as a weather equipment repairman. From 1966 to 1969 he served in Ramstein, Germany, installing weather equipment throughout Europe. From 1971 to 1972 Rahn was stationed in Vietnam as a tech sergeant. Upon his return to the United States he was stationed at Robins Air Force Base, Georgia in intermediate electronics maintenance. Following this service he became an instructor at the Military Airlift Command Noncommissioned Officer (NCO) Academy, was stationed at Gunter Air Force Base, Alabama, and taught at the Senior Enlisted Academy.

Rahn worked with Lockheed Aircraft Company in Jiddah, Saudi Arabia, teaching management and leadership to Saudi officers working in the Air Force. Subsequently, he worked for the Director of Air Training at Riyadh, Saudi Air Force headquarters, also teaching Royal Saudi Air Force officers advanced management courses. In Saudi Arabia, Rahn also worked for Dallah Avco at R Staff Headquarters, McDonald-Douglas, and also taught at a field training center in Dhahran, where he was promoted to be the superintendent of the facility, working for the Royal Saudi Air Force supervising Saudis and McDonald-Douglas employees who were training Saudis on how to maintain aircraft.

Ronald Ray was born in Kentucky in 1942 and graduated from Centre College (Kentucky) and the University of Louisville School of Law. He commissioned as a 2nd Lieutenant in the United States Marine Corps Reserve in 1964 and spent the next five years on active duty. He was deployed to the Dominican Republic, the Caribbean, and served as an advisor in Vietnam from March 1967 to March 1968. Ray served as a Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense during the Reagan administration, on two presidential commissions, and as a military historian at the United States Marine Corps Historical Center.

This interview covers William R. Ricks' experiences as a pilot, his experiences in the Vietnam War, and his observations of Air Force participation in Operation Desert Storm.

Colonel William R. Ricks served with the United States Air Force from 1964 to 1987 as a pilot of F-105s, F-4s, and F-15s.

This interview covers John W. Ripley's experiences during his second tour in Vietnam (1971-1972).

Colonel John W. Ripley served for 35 years on active duty in the United States Marines Corps. He served two tours in Vietnam. During the second (1971-1972) he was Senior Advisor to the 3rd Vietnamese Marine Battalion, which operated along the demilitarized zone.

This interview covers Joseph E. Rosinski's time in the service from 1967 to 1971.

From January 1968 to August 1971, Joseph E. Rosinski served with the United States Air Force, Tactical Air Command (TAC) 38th and 37th Airlift Squadron Headquarters at Langley, Virginia as a Staff Sergeant, supply and logistics.

Gilman Rud entered the United States Navy's Aviation Officer Candidate program following his 1966 graduation from North Dakota State University. His distinguished 28 year career included 5,600 hours of flight time and 786 carrier landings. He also flew combat missions during the Vietnam War. He served as: Commanding Officer of Attack Squadron 192 (Golden Dragons) Commanding Officer and Flight Leader of the Navy Flight Demonstration Squadron (Blue Angels) Captain of the Fleet Replenishment Oiler, USS Wabash (AOR 5) Commander of the the aircraft carrier USS Constellation (CV 64) Rud retired from active duty in 1995.

Lieutenant Colonel William P. Saunders served in the United States Air Force as an Aircraft Commander (AC-47), Flight Scheduler, 4th Special Operations Squadron at Bien Thuy Air Base/Bien Hoa Air base, Republic of Vietnam. He served with the Air Force through 1988.

This interview covers Glenn A. Thieme's entire career, including his deployment to Vietnam in 1971.

Glenn A. Thieme was born in Wisconsin in 1931 and served in the United States Navy from July 1949 to June 1975, achieving the rank of Lieutenant Commander.

This interview covers Thomas D. Todd's years of military service.

Lieutenant Commanders Thomas D. Todd enlisted in the United States Navy in 1953. He served in the Inactive Reserves from 1957 to 1961, was an aviation officer candidate in 1961, a Naval officer from 1961 to 1968, and served in the Active Reserves from 1968 to 1982. He also served as Legal Officer VR-22 in Norfolk, Virginia from 1962 to 1965, as Assistant Air Intelligence Officer on the USS Coral Sea (CVA 43) from 1965 to 1967, and as a political analyst for FICUR NASJAX, Florida.

This interview covers James R. Treadwell's military career.

James R. Treadwell served in the United States Air Force as an aircraft mechanic and engine and crew chief (1971-1973), and as a KC-135 boom operator and flight engineer (1973-1979). During the Vietnam War he flew on missions to refuel fighter aircraft flying over Cambodia.

Blair P. Turner commissioned into the United States Navy on April 10, 1970 as a Surface Warfare Officer. He served two overseas deployments during the Vietnam War (1970-1971), and was assigned to the USS Windham County   (LST 1170). Turner left active duty in 1973, remaining in the Reserve through 1975. At the time of this interview he was a Professor of History at the Virginia Military Institute.

Lieutenant Colonel Steven M. Yedinak (Retired) commissioned into the United States Army Infantry in 1963 and subsequently spent 26 years in Special Forces and Airborne Infantry. He served two combat tours in Vietnam (1966-1967 and 1971-1972), and started the Mobile Guerrilla Force. He is the author of "Hard to Forget: An American with the Mobile Guerrilla Force in Vietnam" (Random House, 1998). Yedinak retired from the Army in 1989.

This interview primarily covers Frank Yusi's service in the Vietnam War, but also his time at the Naval War College, Rhode Island.

Frank Yusi attended United States Navy boot camp in January of 1965 as a seaman recruit, but was then picked up for Officer Candidate School (OCS) and graduated in April. In November 1965 he began service in the South China Sea on a destroyer. From August 1967 to January 1969 he served in Vietnam on river patrol boats (River Division 533 in the Mekong Delta). Following this service Yusi went to OCS as an instructor at Newport, Rhode Island and then returned to destroyers as an engineer. He served for several tours on destroyers, as well as two tours at the Naval War College, one as a student and one on staff. In 1984 he returned as a senior student at the Naval War College and finished his career after being in command and being an Executive Officer on destroyers and frigates, Naval Training Service Center School for Recruits at Great Lakes, Illinois.

This interview covers Anthony C. Zinni's experiences as an advisor with the South Vietnamese Marines (1967).

General Anthony C. Zinni was an advisor with the South Vietnamese Marines in 1967. Subsequent assignments include the following: Deputy Commander in Chief, United States Central Command Commanding General, 1st Marine Expeditionary Force Commander, Combined Task Force for Operation United Shield Chief of Staff and Deputy Commanding General of combined task force Provide Comfort Special Advisor to the Secretary of State Senior Advisor at the Center for Strategic and International Studies Zinni's decorations include the Defense Distinguished Service Medal, the Defense Superior Service Medal with two oak leaf clusters, the Bronze Star Medal with Combat V and gold star in lieu of a second award, and the Purple Heart.

Steven L. Amato, a 1983 VMI graduate, entered active duty in October 1983. He trained as a B-52 navigator and was deployed during Operation Desert Storm (January 1991). In addition to his many assignments, he served at the Pentagon and worked on President George   W. Bush's first inaugural. Amato also served as the Head of VMI's Air Force Reserve Officers' Training Corps (AFROTC) detachment.

William F. Andrews graduated from the United States Air Force Academy in 1980 and began pilot training the same year. He has flown the T-37, EF-111, and the F-16. He was deployed in Operation Desert Storm and was a prisoner of war for eight days. Andrews subsequently served as an F-16 squadron and group commander, staff officer for the Joint Staff in Washington, D.C., and taught at the National Defense University, Washington, D.C.

Jim Carver had a distinguished career as a senior non-commissioned officer in the United States Army Special Forces. He was deployed to Operation Desert Storm while assigned to Operational Detachment Alphas 326, 3rd Special Forces Group (Airborne), serving as an Engineer Sergeant. Carver subsequently held senior special forces training and operations management positions at Fort Bragg, California, and served as an Reserve Officers' Training Corps (ROTC) Military Science Instructor at the University of Richmond, Virginia.

Timothy Heely graduated from the United States Naval Academy in 1975 and comissioned that same year. He trained as a pilot and served with distinction for 30 years, rising to the rank of Read Admiral.

Colonel James G. Kyser, a United States Naval Academy graduate, had a distinguished career in the Marines Corps from 1985 to 2009. His many deployments included Desert Shield and Desert Storm (1990-1991), special operations missions in Europe and Africa, and the Iraq War. Kyser retired in July 2009 after 24 years of service.

Captain Charles H. Litz received his Bachelor of Science from the United States Naval Academy and his Master of Science from the National War College. From June 1976 to July 2002 he served a carrier helicopter pilot flying the SH-3H. Litz participated in Desert Storm as part of Airwing on the USS Theodore Roosevelt (CVN 71).

Commander Tom A. Magno spent 22 years as a United States Navy flight officer, piloting E-2 Hawkeyes and F-14A/F-14B Tomcats. He accrued 2500 flight hours/650+ arrested landings, and saw combat tours in Libya (1986), Bosnia (1993), and Iraq (Operation Desert Shield, 1990). Magno retired in 2003.

This interview covers Timothy S. McElhannon's career through 2002.

Commander Timothy S. McElhannon entered the United States Navy in May 1980 upon graduation from the University of Georgia, received his commission in August 1980, and earned his Naval Aviator wings in July 1981. His operational tours include Helicopter Anti-Submarine Squadron Light Thirty-Four in Norfolk, Virginia and Helicopter Anti-Submarine Squadron Light Forty-Three in San Diego, California. McElhannon deployed to the Persian Gulf twice (1983 and 1989) during the Iran/Iraq War where he participated in the escort of re-flagged tankers during the final stage of the War. He subsequently was selected for naval attache duty.

The first interview covers J. H. Binford Peay III's years as a VMI cadet (1958-1962). The second interview contains reflections on his military service and the challenges facing the army.

Following his distinguished career in the United States Army, General J. H. Binford Peay III became VMI's 14th Superintendent in 2003. Detailed biographical information is avaliable upon request.

This interview covers Brian L. Quisenberry's assignments throughout his active duty and reserves career.

Captain Brian L. Quisenberry graduated from the Virginia Military Institute in 1981 and commissioned in the United States Navy.

Robert J. Cook was on active duty with the United States Army for over 20 years, first as an enlisted soldier and subsequently as an officer. He is a decorated combat veteran who was deployed to Afghanistan, with a background in military intelligence and aviation. From 2005 to 2006 he served as aide-de-camp to the Commanding General at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba. Cook has served twice in the Army Reserve Officers' Training Corps (ROTC) department at VMI.

Captain Steven Craig is a UH-1N helicopter pilot and a decorated veteran of the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq. He enlisted in the United States Marines Corps in 1989 and subsequently was commissioned and went to flight school. He was deployed in Operation Enduring Freedom in 2004, and in Operation Iraqi Freedom in 2005 to 2006. In 2010 Craig was assigned to the VMI Naval ROTC Department as a Marine Corps Instructor.

Following his graduation from VMI in 1989, Gary A. Bissell commissioned in the United States Army and trained as a helicopter pilot. After leaving active duty, he has continued to serve in the Army National Guard and the Reserves, and was deployed during Operation Iraqi Freedom.

Lieutenant Colonel William Bither first served with the United States Army 2nd Battalion, 23rd Infantry Regiment at Fort Lewis, Washington as a rifle platoon leader. He then joined United States Army Special Forces and has been stationed in Korea, Quantico (Virginia), the Marine Corps Amphibious Warfare School, Germany, Fort Bragg (California), Kuwait, and Iraq.

This interview covers Thomas A. Brashears' experiences in Iraq.

Captain Thomas A. Brashears was 9 3/4 years active with the 18th Field Artillery Brigade Airborne, 1st Armored Division. He deployed to Kosovo from May to December, 2000 and to Iraq as Battery Commander from April 2003 to July 2004.

This interview covers Robert Churchill's career with the United States Air Force and the United States Air Force Reserves.

Major Robert Churchill served with the United States Air Force from May 19, 1991 to August 15, 2005, and since August 16, 2005 he has served with the United States Air Force Reserves. He attended graduate Space Training and then went into Space Command as an orbit analyst in Space Ops. He then went into pilot training, to Reese Air Force Base, Texas, and then on to F-16 training. At the time of this interview, Churchill was with the 302nd Fighter Squadron.

At the time of this interview Jose L. Crespo was a logistics officer in the United States Air Force. He has been deployed to Kuwait, Iraq, and Afghanistan.

Major Tim Daniel began serving with the United States Air Force in January of 1983. He has been an A-10 pilot, T-37 instructor pilot, and an OA-10 pilot, and has 3500 hours of flight time with 100 hours of combat time in Iraq and Afghanistan.

Major Frank Diorio graduated from the University of Notre Dame in 1996 and immediately commissioned in the United States Marine Corps. He has been deployed to the Kuwait/Iraqi border (1997-2000), Djibouti, Africa (2004), and Al Anbar Province, Iraq (2005).

A combat engineer, Captain Jon A. Drake served in support of Operation Joint Guardian in Kosovo. He later deployed to Iraq in February 2004 as a company commander for Alpha Company, 82nd Engineer Battalion.

Michael Johnson enlisted in the United States Marine Corps in August 1993. At the time of this interview, he was a Military Occupational Specialty 0629 (MOS) Communications Chief (E-7). Johnson has served: With 1st Anglico/Camp Pendleton As a drill instructor at Parris Island, South Carolina With the 2nd Force Reconnaissance Company As Assistant Marine Officer Instructor (AMOI) at VMI Johnson deployed in support of Operations Iraqi Freedom and Enduring Freedom.

This interview covers Benjamin Kimsey's active duty service and his experience as a VMI cadet.

Benjamin Kimsey is a member of the VMI Class of 2009. From 2002 to 2005 he was on active duty in the United States Army in the 116th Brigade, 29th Infantry Division, and was deployed to Guantanamo Bay, Cuba and Afghanistan. Kimsey subsequently became a member of the National Guard, in Delta 1 of the 19th Special Forces Group in Kingwood, West Virginia.

Phillip A. Suydam served in the United States Air Force for 21 years as an Air Force Security Forces Officer. He provided security, police services, force protection planning, and information security program management. His assignments took him to Germany, Guam, and the United Arab Emirates. In 2004 Suydam deployed to Joint Base Balad, Iraq as the Commander of the 332d Expeditionary Security Forces Squadron in support of Operation Iraqi Freedom.

This interview covers James G. Wicker's United States Navy career.

James G. Wicker entered the United States Navy in 1979, serving on deployments to the Persian Gulf as an Executive Officer to a minesweeper during the Iran-Iraq War, and deployed to the Mediterranean, the Pacific, and Indian Oceans. During his career he served on board the USS Goldsborough (DDG 20), the USS Sides (FFG 14), the USS Elusive (AM 225), and the USS Bainbridge (CGN 25).

This interview primarily covers Patrick M. Young's combat experiences during his deployment to Iraq in 2005.

At the time of this interview, Lance Corporal Patrick Young was serving in the United States Marine Corps Reserves and was a member of the Virginia Military Institute Class of 2009. His unit was B. Company, 4th Combat Engineer Battalion out of Roanoke, Virginia. Young is a veteran of Operation Iraqi Freedom.