Claude Moore Health Sciences Library
Historical CollectionsProcessed by: Historical Collections Staff
Materials from the following series were donated to the University of Virginia's Alderman Library in the fall of 1966 and the summer of 1970 by Philip Showalter Hench's widow, Mary Kahler Hench, with the approval of his estate:
Materials from Series XII. Houston Academy of Medicine/Texas Medical Center (HAM/TMC) were donated to the HAM/TMC by Philip Showalter Hench as a small part of a larger collection of materials.
Materials from Series XIII. Reed family additions were donated by various individuals to Alderman Library between 1947 and 1972. Box 139, Folder 1 contains a list that describes each of these donations in detail.
Materials from Series XIV. P. Kahler Hench were donated to the Claude Moore Health Sciences Library by Philip Showalter Hench's son, P. Kahler Hench, in 1988 and 1989.
Materials from Series XV. Laura Wood were most likely donated to Alderman Library between 1972 and 1982.
Materials from Series XVI. Edward Hook additions were donated to the Claude Moore Health Sciences Library as a part of the Papers of Dr. Edward Watson Hook, Jr.
Materials from the following series were initially deposited at the University of Virginia's Alderman Library. In 1982, they were moved to the Claude Moore Health Sciences Library under the terms of a gift agreement that required the transferral of Mary K. Hench's donation to the library when adequate storage space for the collection could be found there.
Materials from Series XII. Houston Academy of Medicine/Texas Medical Center (HAM/TMC) were initially deposited in the HAM/TMC and were a part of the Philip S. Hench papers. In 1991, the materials were transferred from HAM/TMC to the Claude Moore Health Sciences Library after both repositories agreed that it would be more appropriate to include them in the Philip S. Hench Walter Reed Yellow Fever Collection.
Materials from Series XVI. Edward Hook additions were transferred from the Papers of Dr. Edward Watson Hook, Jr. to the Philip S. Hench Walter Reed Yellow Fever Collection around the late 1990s and early 2000s.
Mary K. Hench's donation arrived in Charlottesville in a number of large crates which were packed much as the collection had been found in Philip Showalter Hench's home in Rochester, Minnesota. Some confusion about Dr. Hench's filing order had been created while the collection was packed for shipping, and thus the Manuscripts Department of the University of Virginia Library found it necessary to perform some sorting and arrangement to make the collection more accessible.
Around 1968, William Bennett Bean was hired by the University of Virginia as a visiting scholar in residence to begin work on a new biography of Walter Reed. Dr. Bean found that the order of the collection was not such that he could readily use it for biographical purposes. He employed a former assistant in the Manuscripts Department, sought and received permission to refile the collection, and had his assistant perform this task. The refiling of the collection had been finished by the fall of 1969, but Bean and his assistant had no time to prepare a finding aid.
In the fall of 1969 Donna L. Purvis of the Manuscripts Department staff began writing the first edition of the collection's finding aid. During this project, Mrs. Purvis found some problems with Dr. Bean's description and arrangement of the collection and felt that it was necessary to reprocess parts of it.
Around 1990 staff members in the Claude Moore Health Sciences Library processed additions to the collection donated by Philip Showalter Hench's son, P. Kahler Hench.
Between 1999 and 2004, the Claude Moore Health Sciences Library digitized a significant portion of the collection and made the digitized files available to users in an online exhibit. During this project, over 8,000 items from the collection were scanned, transcribed, and described at the item level. Metadata for the digitized items was recorded in XML files using the TEI 2 standard.
In 2001, the Claude Moore Health Sciences Library processed additions that had been made to the collection since 1982, excepting the materials donated by P. Kahler Hench. Staff members also processed significant portions of Mary K. Hench's original donation that had not been described in the first edition of the collection finding aid. This work led to the development of a second edition finding aid that was coded in EAD and ingested into the Virginia Heritage database. This finding aid contained both new metadata and metadata that had been migrated from a Microsoft Access file.
In the 2000s the Claude Moore Health Sciences Library processed the materials in Series XV. Edward Hook additions.
In 2009, staff members in the Claude Moore Health Sciences Library processed Box 154 of the collection.
In 2013, staff members in the Claude Moore Health Sciences Library produced a third edition of the finding aid using EAD that merged collection description from four sources (the first edition finding aid, the second edition finding aid, the online exhibit, and the physical collection). When possible, metadata from the existing online exhibit's TEI files and metadata from the second edition finding aid were transformed with XSL and included in the EAD file. However, staff members sometimes found it necessary to create new metadata for the collection. The new finding aid was structured in such a way to facilitate the migration of the collection's digital files and metadata into the University of Virginia's digital repository and make it available to users via the library's online catalog.
Copyright restrictions may apply for some materials in the collection.
There are no restrictions on user access to any of the materials in the collection except where noted in the container list.
Philip S. Hench Walter Reed Yellow Fever Collection, 1800-1998, MS-1, Claude Moore Health Sciences Library, Historical Collections and Services, University of Virginia
The U.S. Army Yellow Fever Commission (1900-1901) was a board of physicians that the U.S. government formed in order to determine how yellow fever was transmitted between hosts. Ultimately, the commission's experiments in Cuba proved that mosquitoes transmit yellow fever--a discovery that would spur successful campaigns to control and eradicate yellow fever throughout much of the globe.
When Major Walter Reed and Acting Assistant Surgeons James Carroll, Aristides Agramonte, and Jesse Lazear gathered on the porch of the Columbia Barracks Hospital in June of 1900, they became the fourth successive board of U.S. medical officers to grapple with the appalling plague that was yellow fever.
The persistence of this disease across the Cuban archipelago and its periodic re-emergence along the coastlines and great river drainages of the Americas was taking countless thousands of lives. Lack of precise knowledge as to its cause and transmission had augmented yellow fever's extraordinarily high mortality rate and had given rise to quarantine regulations which constituted substantial impediments to efficient regional trade. Endemic in the tropics, yellow fever imposed high humanitarian and economic costs upon the entire region. Specialists regarded Cuba as one of the principal foci of the disease, and the island consequently attracted considerable attention from the medical sciences.
In 1879, one year after a devastating epidemic swept up the Mississippi valley from New Orleans, Tulane University Professor Stanford E. Chaille led the first investigatory commission to Havana, Rio de Janeiro, and the West Indies. The Chaille Commission remained in Havana three months, and its members -- including George Miller Sternberg, who became Surgeon General of the Army, and Juan Guiteras, later Director of Public Health for Havana -- consulted with Cuban scientist Carlos J. Finlay. They concluded that the causal agent for yellow fever was possibly a living entity in the atmosphere, an assertion which set Finlay on the path to the mosquito theory he developed in 1881.
Louis Pasteur's foundational and highly successful work in modern immunology in 1880 and 1881 gave a renewed impetus to investigations aimed at discovering the "yellow fever germ." Over the middle years of the 1880s several scientists advanced different theories, all readily refuted by bacteriological work Sternberg undertook in Brazil and Mexico in 1887 and again in Havana in 1888 and 1889. In 1897, Italian scientist Giuseppe Sanarelli argued that Bacillus icteroides was the culprit, and the following year a third scientific team sailed to Cuba for additional tests. Eugene Wasdin and Henry D. Geddings appeared to confirm Sanarelli's assertion, though Sternberg, by then Surgeon General, remained skeptical.
Despite Wasdin and Geddings' insistence, the B. icteroides theory garnered significant opposition. In fact, a few months before the third commission's report reached the public, Walter Reed and James Carroll -- Reed's assistant at the Columbian University (later George Washington University) bacteriology laboratories in Washington, D.C. -- published a thorough refutation of the icteroides proposal: the bacteria was not a unique cause of yellow fever, but a variety of the hog cholera bacillus, "a secondary invader in yellow fever," Reed determined, unrelated to its etiology. [1] Dispute continued, however, and when Sternberg organized the fourth investigatory board, he charged Reed and his associates to settle the B. icteroides question once and for all, then to proceed with analysis of other blood cultures and intestinal flora from yellow fever cases.
Reed and Carroll had considerable experience in bacteriological analysis, and, Sternberg reasoned, might well be able to find the specific agent of the disease. Aristides Agramonte, a Cuban scientist who had worked in Reed's lab at the Columbian University in 1898, was also an accomplished bacteriologist; he had identified B. icteroides in tissue samples from cases other than yellow fever, providing further evidence opposed to Sanarelli's thesis. Jesse Lazear, a scientist from Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, Maryland, had joined the Army Medical Corps to study tropical diseases at their point of origin; he received orders for Cuba in February 1900. Lazear impressed Reed with his abilities when the two men became acquainted in March. No doubt with Reed's advice, Sternberg assembled a crack team -- all experienced in scientific research, but each with interests as diverse as their temperaments. The mix of talent and personalities generated spectacular results.
What causes yellow fever? This simple, even obvious question had dictated yellow fever research for over two decades, and so it guided Reed in organizing the work of the commission. Bacillus icteroides and other bacteriological sampling dominated their work for the first months. "Reed and Carroll have been at that for a long time," Lazear wrote with some impatience to his wife on August 23, ". . . I would rather try to find the germ without bothering about Sanarelli." [2] Again and again, tests for the bacteria proved negative, and at the same time, perplexing cases of yellow fever were developing in the region. Agramonte and Reed investigated an epidemic at Pinar del Rio, 110 miles southwest of Havana; Lazear followed later to collect more specimens, and he also assessed the situation at Guanjay thirty miles southwest. To "my very great surprise," Reed admitted, the specific circumstances of the appearance and development of these cases gave strong evidence against the widely-accepted notion that the excreta of patients spread the disease. The theory of fomites -- infection from contaminated clothing and bedding -- and indeed even infection from airborne particles seemed altogether untrue. "At this stage of our investigation," Reed concluded, ". . . the time had arrived when the plan of our work should be radically changed." [3] The fundamental question underwent a subtle but critical transformation: from what causes yellow fever to what transmits it. A clear and accurate understanding of how the disease was spread would open a new avenue to its specific cause.
"Personally, I feel that only can experimentation on human beings serve to clear the field for further effective work," Reed stated to Surgeon General Sternberg, who concurred. [4] Evidence gathering around them pointed strongly to an intermediate host, and the Commission resolved to test Carlos Finlay's mosquito theory -- then not generally accepted -- on human volunteers. Nine times from August 11 to August 25, 1900, mosquitoes landed on the arms of volunteers and proceeded to feed. Nine times the results were negative. On August 27, Lazear placed a mosquito on the doubting Dr. Carroll, and four days later on William J. Dean, a soldier designated XY in the "Preliminary Note." [5] Both promptly developed yellow fever. Significantly, their mosquitoes had fed on cases within the initial three days of an attack and had been allowed to ripen for at least twelve days before the inoculations. Carroll vitiated the results of his experimental sickness by traveling off the post to Havana, a contaminated zone, even as Reed, ecstatic, wrote from Washington in a confidential letter: "Did the Mosquito do it?" [6] Dean's case seemed to prove it, since he claimed not to have left the garrison before becoming ill. Lazear also developed a case of yellow fever, almost certainly experimental in origin, though he never revealed the actual circumstances of his inoculation. His severe bout of fever took a fatal turn on September 25, 1900.
Nevertheless, these results could not have been more dramatic or convincing for the Commission. Reed quickly assembled a "Preliminary Note," which he presented to the annual meeting of the American Public Health Association in Indianapolis, Indiana, October 23, 1900. After initial consultations in Cuba with General Leonard Wood, military governor of the island, and with Surgeon General Sternberg in Washington, he returned to Cuba with authorization and funding to design and carry forward a fully defensible series of experiments. His aim was confirmation of the mosquito theory and invalidation of the long-held belief in fomites.
On open terrain beyond the precincts of Columbia Barracks -- the American military base just west of Havana near the adjacent suburban towns of Quemados and Marianao (also called Quemados de Marianao) -- Reed established the quarantined experimental station. Camp Lazear, as the Commission dedicated it, took form in the rolling fields of the Finca San Jose, on the farm of Dr. Ignacio Rojas, who leased the land to the Americans. Here Reed designed two small wood-frame buildings, each 14 by 20 feet, for the experimental work, and nearby raised a group of seven tents for the accommodation and support of the volunteers. The buildings faced each other across a small swale, about 80 yards apart, and stood 75 yards from the tent encampment. Building Number One, called the Infected Clothing Building, was a single room tightly constructed to contain as much foul air as possible. A small stove kept the temperature and humidity at tropical levels, and carefully attached screening secured the pair of doorways in a vestibule against intrusion by mosquitoes. Wooden blinds on two small sealed windows shielded the room from direct sun. Building Number Two, the Infected Mosquito Building, contained a principal room, divided into two sections by a floor-to-ceiling wire mesh screen. A door direct to the exterior let into one section, while a vestibule with a solid exterior door and pair of successive screened doors opened to the other, so configured to keep infected mosquitoes inside that section alone. The spare furnishings in both sections -- cots with bedding -- were steam sterilized. Windows exposed the entire room to the clean, steady ocean breezes and to sunlight. Like the doorways, they were carefully screened. A secondary room attached to the building but not communicating with the experimental spaces sheltered the small, heated laboratory where the Commission members raised and stored the mosquitoes to be used.
These two experimental buildings presented alternate environments -- one conspicuously clean and well ventilated, the other filthy and fetid. Contemporary theories of disease held that yellow fever developed in unclean conditions, and consequently much time and money had been devoted to sanitation projects. Workers steamed clothing, burned sulphur in ships' holds, and thoroughly scrubbed surfaces with disinfectant. In cases of severe epidemic, entire buildings presumed to be infected were set afire along with their contents. Thus the extraordinary -- and intentional -- paradox of the Commission's experimental regime: Reed expected yellow fever to develop not in the unsanitary environment, but in the one thought to be most healthful.
Camp Lazear went into quarantine the day of its completion, November 20, 1900, with a command of four immune and nine non-immune individuals, all save one U.S. Army personnel. Soon a group of recent Spanish immigrants to Cuba augmented the non-immune numbers, bringing the resident total to about twenty. Reed strictly controlled access to the camp and ordered regular temperature recording for each volunteer to eliminate any unanticipated source of infection and to identify the onset of any case of yellow fever as early as possible. As a result, non-immunes were barred from returning should they leave the precinct, and two of the Spaniards who developed intermittent fevers shortly after arrival were immediately transferred with their baggage to Columbia Barracks Hospital. The immune members of the detachment oversaw medical treatments and drove the teams of mules that pulled supply wagons and the ambulance. Experimentation did not begin until each volunteer had passed the incubation period for yellow fever in perfect health.
Reed took as much care with the design of the experimental protocol as he had with the configuration of the camp and its buildings. Each evening, the occupants of the infected clothing building unpacked trunks and boxes of bed linens and blankets, nightshirts and other clothing recently worn and soiled by cases from the wards of Columbia Barracks Hospital and Las Animas Hospital in Havana. These they shook out and spread around the room to permeate the atmosphere. The stench was overpowering. Yellow fever causes severe internal hemorrhaging, and its unfortunate victims often suffer from black vomit and other bloody discharges. One routine delivery proved so putrid the volunteers "retreated from the house," Reed stated. "They pluckily returned, however, within a short time, and spent the night as usual." [7] In two succeeding trials the protocol became progressively more daring , as the volunteers then wore the clothing and slept on the mattresses used by yellow fever patients, and finally put towels on their bedding smeared with blood drawn from cases in the early stages of an attack. Each morning, the volunteers carefully repacked the rank, encrusted materials into boxes and emerged to an adjacent tent where they spent the day quarantined from the rest of the company. Three trials of twenty days each involved seven men altogether, lead by Robert P. Cooke, a physician in the Army Medical Corps. None developed yellow fever.
The Commission's mosquito experiments proceeded in four series. First, Reed sought to demonstrate that mosquitoes of the variety Culex fasciata (later called Stegomyia fasciata , and later still Aedes aegypti ) could in fact transmit yellow fever, as Carlos J. Finlay had argued and the initial experiments at Camp Columbia strongly suggested. Here the Commission members simply applied infected mosquitoes contained in test tubes or jars to the skin of the initial volunteers. Success in these tests raised a number of questions, each one addressed in the subsequent series:
The second series consequently employed the specialized "Infected Mosquito Building" to indicate how a structure could be considered infected with yellow fever. This experiment required two groups of volunteers, one to be inoculated and another to serve as controls. "Loaded" mosquitoes, as the men called them, were released into the screened section of Building Two -- on the side with the protected vestibule entry. One or more non-immune men then entered the opposite section of the room through the direct exterior door, and lay down on bunks adjacent to the wire mesh screen in the center of the room. Now the young man to be inoculated walked through the vestibule into the mosquito side of the room and proceeded to lie on a bunk adjacent to the wire screen separating him from the controls. The inoculation volunteer remained in the building for about twenty minutes -- enough time to suffer several mosquito bites -- he then exited to a quarantine tent outside. The controls spent the remainder of the evening and night in the uninfected side of the room, and indeed returned to sleep in the room for as many as eighteen more nights. As Reed stated, absence of yellow fever in the controls showed "that the essential factor in the infection of a building with yellow fever is the presence therein of [infected] mosquitoes," and nothing more. [8] The degree of sanitation, so long considered critical, was utterly irrelevant.
The third series of mosquito experiments confirmed what Henry Rose Carter, of the U.S. Public Health Service, called the "period of extrinsic incubation," [9] the length of time required for secondary cases of yellow fever to develop after an initial intrusion of the disease into a locality. In this series, a single volunteer underwent three successive inoculations by the same mosquitoes, each group of inoculations interrupted by a period of time equal in length to the typical incubation period of the disease in humans, about five days. In this manner, the volunteer's illness could be specifically attributed to a single inoculation group. The use of the same mosquitoes and the same volunteer concurrently demonstrated that no peculiar personal immunity was at play, since logic dictates that a person susceptible to yellow fever on day 17 of a mosquito's contamination -- as happened in the experiment -- could not have been immune to yellow fever on day 11 or day 4. It was thus only the mosquito's capacity to infect which changed, and that occurred no less than 11 days after contamination.
The duration of time over which these "fully ripened" mosquitoes remained infective comprised the fourth series of experiments. For this series the Commission kept alive a group of infected mosquitoes for as long as possible, and proceeded to inoculate three volunteers -- on the 39th, 51st, and 57th day after contamination. Each developed yellow fever. A fourth volunteer declined to be bitten on day 65, and the last two mosquitoes of the group, "deprived of further opportunity to feed on human blood" [10] expired on day 69 and day 71, clear evidence that even a sparsely populated region may retain the potential for new infections more than two months after the first appearance of the disease.
Although it went unrecorded in the published papers, Reed organized a supplemental experiment to test another species of mosquito. Culex pungens failed to transmit yellow fever to at least one volunteer and probably to a second. Reed's preliminary conclusions indicated that Culex fasciata was the only species capable of transmitting yellow fever. [11]
A last experimental regime involved subcutaneous injections of blood from positive cases of yellow fever to presumed non-immunes. Reed devised these tests to confirm the presence of the yellow fever agent in the blood of a victim during the first days of an attack, and, more importantly, to settle the Bacillus icteroides question. The same blood cultures which produced yellow fever in four volunteers also failed to grow any B. icteroides , conclusively invalidating Sanarelli's claim.
Altogether, the mosquito inoculations and the blood injections produced fourteen cases of yellow fever. All made a full recovery.
Notwithstanding the decisive medical victory -- as Reed declared, "aside from the antitoxin of Diptheria and Koch's discovery of the tubercle bacillus, it will be regarded as the most important piece of work, scientifically, during the 19th century" [12] -- success at Camp Lazear unfolded in its own time. Initially, Reed observed, "the results obtained at this station were not encouraging." [13] The first inoculations of four volunteers over a period of two weeks proved disconcertingly negative each time. Then, on December 5, 1900, private John R. Kissinger presented his arm to the mosquitoes, and late in the evening on December 8, suffered the first chills of "a well-marked attack of yellow fever." [14] Three more men in rapid succession fell victim to the insects -- Spanish volunteers Antonio Benigno, Nicanor Fernandez, and Vicente Presedo. The force of the conclusions was evident to everyone:
"It can readily be imagined," Reed empathetically and wryly described in his first presentation of the experiments, "that the concurrence of 4 cases of yellow fever in our small command of 12 non-immunes within the space of 1 week, while giving rise to feelings of exultation in the hearts of the experimenters, in view of the vast importance attaching to these results, might inspire quite other sentiments in the bosoms of those who had previously consented to submit themselves to the mosquito's bite. In fact, several of our good-natured Spanish friends who had jokingly compared our mosquitoes to 'the little flies that buzzed harmlessly about their tables,' suddenly appeared to lose all interest in the progress of science, and, forgetting for the moment even their own personal aggrandizement, incontinently severed their connection with Camp Lazear. Personally, while lamenting to some extent their departure, I could not but feel that in placing themselves beyond our control they were exercising the soundest judgment."
"In striking contrast," Reed continued, the anxiety of the fomites volunteers began to melt into relief. "[T]he countenances of these men, which had before borne the serious aspect of those who were bravely facing an unseen foe, suddenly took on the glad expression of 'schoolboys let out for a holiday,' and from this time their contempt for 'fomites' could not find sufficient expression. Thus illustrating once more, gentlemen, the old adage that familiarity, even with fomites, may breed contempt." [15]
The question of human experimentation was indeed a serious one -- unavoidable, in actuality, as Reed had stated the previous summer to Surgeon General Sternberg. When the Commission first considered a trial of Finlay's mosquito theory, Reed, Carroll, and Lazear agreed to experiment on themselves. Agramonte, a native Cuban, had acquired immunity as a child. Doubtless Finlay's experience of many unsuccessful inoculations communicated that positive results would not be forthcoming rapidly, so before the first series of inoculations began under Lazear's direction at Columbia Barracks, Reed left Cuba for Washington, where he completed a monumental report on typhoid fever among the army corps -- left unfinished by the sudden death of co-author Edward O. Shakespeare. Carroll and Lazear both sickened while Reed was in Washington, and Lazear, young and strong, had no reason to anticipate that his case would be fatal. Reed was shocked at Lazear's death, and because of his own age -- 49, a decade and a half older than Lazear and a dozen years older than Carroll -- he resolved not to inoculate himself when he returned to Cuba on October 4, 1900. The point had already been amply demonstrated, and only a rigidly controlled experimental regime would establish the necessary proof. Carroll, however, remained embittered about this for the remainder of his life, though he evidently never communicated his objections directly to Reed.
That initial series of mosquito inoculations was probably accomplished without formal documentation of informed consent. Indeed, the experiments may also have been carried forward without the full knowledge of the commanding officer of Camp Columbia, and Reed consequently shielded the identity of Private William J. Dean, the second positive experimental case, behind the pseudonym "XY" in the "Preliminary Note." No such potentially troublesome problems arose for the experimental series at Camp Lazear; Reed obtained prior support from all of the appropriate authorities in the military and the administration, even including the Spanish Consul to Cuba. With the advice of the Commission and others, he drafted what is now one of the oldest series of extant informed consent documents. The surviving examples are in Spanish with English translations, and were signed by volunteers Antonio Benigno and Vicente Presedo, and a third with the mark of Nicanor Fernandez, who was illiterate.
The documents take the form of a contract between individual volunteers and the Commission, represented by Reed. At least 25 years old, each volunteer explicitly consented to participate, and balanced the certainty of contracting yellow fever in the general population against the risks of developing an experimental case, followed by expert and timely medical care. The volunteers agreed to remain at Camp Lazear for the duration of the experiments, and as a reward for participation would receive $100 "in American gold," with an additional hundred-dollar supplement for contracting yellow fever. These payments could be assigned to a survivor, and the volunteers agreed to forfeit any remuneration in cases of desertion.
For the American participants no consent documents appear to survive, though in contemporary letters Reed assured his correspondents that the Commission obtained written consent from all the volunteers. The record of expenses for Camp Lazear -- maintained by Reed's friend and colleague in the medical corps, Jefferson Randolph Kean -- indicates that the same schedule of payments for participation and sickness applied to the Americans as well. Volunteers who participated in the fomites tests and in addition the later series of blood injections and the single trial of an alternative species of mosquito also earned $100 each plus the $100 supplement if yellow fever developed. Two Americans declined these gratuities, as Kean termed them, Dr. Robert P. Cooke, of the fomites tests, and John J. Moran, who had recently received an honorable discharge from the service, and was the only American civilian to participate. His was the fourth case of yellow fever to develop from mosquito inoculation. Moran eventually settled in Cuba, where he managed the Havana offices of the Sun Oil Company, and late in life became a close friend of Philip S. Hench. Together the two men rediscovered the site of Camp Lazear in 1940 -- Building Number One still intact -- and successfully lobbied the Cuban government to memorialize there the work of Finlay and the American Commission in the conquest of yellow fever.
Reed informally commemorated his own experiences at Camp Lazear by commissioning a group photograph, evidently taken there shortly before he left Cuba in February 1901. A more important event occurred on the sixth of that month when Reed presented the results of the Camp Lazear yellow fever experiments to a great ovation at the Pan-American Medical Congress in Havana. Three days later he set sail for the United States, and once landed, drafted the Congress paper as "The Etiology of Yellow Fever -- An Additional Note ", published immediately in the Journal of the American Medical Association . [16]
Though his correspondence intimates a great appreciation for Cuba, Reed never returned to the warm, sunny shores of the island freed of a dreadful plague. Carroll stayed behind at Camp Lazear through February to complete the last experimental series officially bearing the imprimatur of the Yellow Fever Commission, and returned to Washington soon after March first. [17] The Medical Corps retained the lease on Camp Lazear against the possibility of continuing experiments another season, and Carroll, in fact, returned to Havana in August 1901 for a final experimental series, though he did not make use of Camp Lazear. This work involved at least three volunteers at Las Animas Hospital, Havana, who submitted to blood injections. Carroll's assignment aimed at a greater understanding of the yellow fever agent, and he proved that blood drawn from active cases of yellow fever remained virulent even after passing through fine bacteria filters. In addition, by heating contaminated blood which had previously caused cases of yellow fever, Carroll rendered it non-infective -- thereby establishing that this filterable entity, though sub-microscopic, was demonstrably present in the bloodstream. Carroll wrapped up the series in October and returned home to stay. [18] In Cuba, J. Randolph Kean made the last rental payments to Signore Rojas on October 9, 1901, and Camp Lazear, for more than a generation, slipped out of the realm of memory.
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Walter Reed (September 13, 1851 - November 22, 1902) was a U.S. Army physician who led the army's Yellow Fever Commission 1900 and 1901. Experiments conducted by the commission confirmed a theory that yellow fever is transmitted by mosquitoes--a discovery that led to the control and eradication of this disease across much of the globe. Reed would receive much of the credit for the work of the commission because of his role as its leader, and, long after his death in 1902, he would be widely celebrated as a heroic figure in the fields of public health and medical research.
Reed spent his first days in a small house which served as the parsonage for a Methodist congregation in Gloucester County, Virginia, where his father was minister. Lemuel Sutton Reed and Pharaba White Reed welcomed young Walter into the family on September 13, 1851; he was the youngest of their five children. The Reeds moved to other Virginia parishes during Walter's childhood, and just after the close of the Civil War, transferred to the town of Charlottesville. That move in 1866 placed Walter in the orbit of the University of Virginia, which he entered a year later at age sixteen under the care of his older brother Christopher, also a student at the University. Reed attended two year-long sessions, the second devoted entirely to the medical curriculum, and he completed an M.D. degree on July 1, 1869, as one of the youngest students to graduate in the history of the medical school.
At that time the School of Medicine at the University offered little opportunity for direct clinical experience, so Reed subsequently enrolled at the Bellevue Hospital Medical College, in Manhattan, New York. There he obtained a second M.D. degree in 1870. Reed interned at a number of hospitals in the New York metropolitan area, including the Infants' Hospital on Randall's Island and the Brooklyn City Hospital. In 1873, he assumed the position of assistant sanitary officer for the Brooklyn Board of Health. The large and diverse population of New York, with its many immigrant communities and dense, tenement housing, provided countless medical cases to treat and study; these served to expose Reed to the vital importance of public health, and developed in him a lifelong interest in the field. Yet the frenetic life of the great cities began to pall after a few years: "Here the ever bustling day is crowded into the busy night; nor can we draw the line of separation between the two,"[1] he wrote to Emilie Lawrence, of Murfreesboro, North Carolina, later to become Mrs. Walter Reed. Their courtship letters reveal much of his maturing character, interests, and philosophy of life. Increasing responsibilities with the Board of Health precluded opening a private practice, and Reed's youth proved a barrier in a culture given to offering respect more to the appearance of maturity than to its actual demonstration. Reed consequently resolved to join the Army Medical Corps, both for the professional opportunities it offered immediately and for the modest financial security it could provide to a young man without independent means. He passed the qualifying examinations in January 1875 and proceeded to his first assignment at the military base on Willet's Point, New York Harbor.
Reed remained in the Medical Corps for the rest of his life, spending many years of the '70s, '80s, and early '90s at difficult postings in the American West. The first of these -- to the Arizona Territory -- began in the late spring of 1876, and indeed hurried along his wedding to Emilie Lawrence, on April 25, shortly before his departure. She joined him the following November, and bore two children at frontier posts, a son Walter Lawrence and a daughter Emilie, called Blossom.
Reed's other western assignments included forts in Nebraska, Dakota Territory, and Minnesota, with two eastern interludes at Baltimore, Maryland and another at Mount Vernon Barracks, Alabama. During the second of these tours in Baltimore -- over the 1890-1891 academic year -- Reed completed advanced coursework in pathology and bacteriology in the Johns Hopkins University Hospital Pathology Laboratory. When he returned from his last western appointment in 1893, Reed joined the faculty of the Army Medical School in Washington, D.C., where he held the professorship of Bacteriology and Clinical Microscopy. He also became curator of the Army Medical Museum and joined the faculty of the Columbian University in Washington (later the George Washington University). In addition, Reed maintained close ties with professor William Welch and other leading lights in the scientific community he had come to know at Hopkins a few years earlier.
Beyond his teaching responsibilities for the Army and the Columbian University programs, Reed actively pursued medical research projects. A bibliography of his publications finds entries from 1892 to the year of his untimely death a decade later, and the subjects he investigated range from erysipelas to cholera, typhoid, malaria, and yellow fever, among others.[2] In 1896, a research trip to investigate an outbreak of smallpox took him to Key West, and there he developed a close friendship with Jefferson Randolph Kean, a fellow Virginian and colleague in the Medical Corps ten years his junior. When Reed traveled to Cuba in 1899 to study typhoid in the army encampments of the U.S. forces, Kean was already there, and Kean was still in Cuba when Reed returned as the head of the Army board charged by Surgeon General George Miller Sternberg to examine tropical diseases including yellow fever. Kean and his first wife Louise were great supporters of the U.S. Army Yellow Fever Commission's work, and Kean in fact served as quartermaster for the famous series of experiments at Camp Lazear. After the dramatic and conclusive success of those experiments, Kean actively -- though unsuccessfully -- promoted Reed's candidacy for Surgeon General.
Reed continued to speak and publish on yellow fever after his return from Cuba in 1901, receiving honorary degrees from Harvard and the University of Michigan in recognition of his seminal work. In November 1902, Reed developed what had been for him recurring gastro-intestinal trouble. This time, however, his appendix ruptured, and surgery came too late to save him from the peritonitis which developed. He died on November 23, 1902, almost two years to the day from the opening of Camp Lazear and the stunning experimental victory there. Kean remained a champion of his deceased friend's role in the conquest of yellow fever. He organized the Walter Reed Memorial Association, to provide support for Reed's family and to build a suitable memorial, and was instrumental in lobbying the United States Congress to establish the Yellow Fever Roll of Honor. In 1929, Congress mandated the annual publication of the Roll in the Army Register , and struck a series Congressional Gold Medals saluting the Commission members and the young Americans who bravely suffered experimental yellow fever a generation before.
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Jesse William Lazear (May 2, 1866 - September 26, 1900) was a physician who was a member of the U.S. Army Yellow Fever Commission in 1900. Lazear's death from yellow fever at the outset of the commission's work in Cuba would lead to his elevation as a martyr for medical science in the eyes of many during the twentieth century.
"I rather think I am on the track of the real germ," Jesse W. Lazear wrote his wife from Cuba on September 8, 1900.[1] Seventeen days later, the fulminating case of yellow fever Lazear had contracted just over a week after writing Mabel H. Lazear suddenly ended the young scientist's life. He was 34 years old. Unlike so many other yellow fever fatalities, however, this one would lead to a direct and highly successful assault on the disease itself. Yellow fever's ascendancy, endemic in Cuba, was about to be undermined.
Lazear had reported to Camp Columbia, Cuba in February 1900 for duty as an acting assistant surgeon with the U. S. Army Corps stationed on the island. Here he undertook bacteriological study of tropical diseases, particularly malaria and yellow fever, and in May he was named to the Army board charged with "pursuing scientific investigations with reference to the infectious diseases prevalent on the island of Cuba."[2]
These orders placed him officially in the company of Walter Reed, James Carroll, and Aristides Agramonte -- the U.S. Army Yellow Fever Commission -- though Lazear had already met Reed the preceding March on a project to evaluate the efficacy of electrozone, a disinfectant made from seawater collected off the Cuban coast. While Reed was in Cuba that March, Lazear discussed with him the recent discovery of British scientist Sir Ronald Ross concerning the mosquito vector for malaria. At Johns Hopkins Hospital in Baltimore, where he was first a medical resident and later in charge of the clinical laboratory, Lazear had followed Ross's accomplishments with great interest, and pursued field work and experimentation on the Anopheles mosquito with fellow Hopkins scientist William S. Thayer. Lazear was thus the only member of the Commission who had experience with mosquito work, and was consequently the most open to the possible verity of Cuban scientist Carlos Juan Finlay's theory of mosquito transmission for yellow fever.
The record is apparently silent as to when Lazear first visited Finlay. Certainly by late June Lazear was beginning to grow mosquito larvae acquired from Finlay's laboratory, the first specimens brought to him by Henry Rose Carter, of the United States Public Health Service.[3] Not long after arriving in Cuba Lazear met Carter, whose own observations on yellow fever strongly suggested an intermediate host in the spread of the disease. However, Army Surgeon General George Miller Sternberg, who organized the Yellow Fever Commission, first charged the board members to investigate the relationship of Bacillus icteroides to yellow fever -- proposed by the Italian Scientist Giuseppe Sanarelli as the actual cause of the disease. "Dr. Reed had been in the old discussion over Sanarelli's bacillus and he still works on that subject," Lazear wrote his wife in July, "I am not all interested in it but want to do work which may lead to the discovery of the real organism."[4] Soon he would have the opportunity. The relatively quick failure of the Bacillus icteroides inquiry opened the door to what became the ground-breaking mosquito work, and Lazear was well placed to begin.
The project started in earnest on August 1, 1900. In a small pocket notebook Lazear noted the preparatory work of raising and infecting mosquitoes, and subsequently recorded the series of eleven experimental inoculations made from the 11th to the 31st of August, the last two producing cases of full-blown yellow fever. These two positive cases developed from mosquitoes allowed to ripen over a period of 12 days, and this was Lazear's crucial discovery. The epidemiological pattern was thus entirely consistent with Carter's observations of a delay between the primary and secondary outbreaks of yellow fever in an epidemic, and, in addition, explained why Finlay's experiments had been largely unsuccessful -- he had not waited long enough before inoculating his subjects.
Although Lazear never directly admitted to experimenting on himself, when Reed reviewed Lazear's sketchy notations he evidently found entries strongly suggesting Lazear's case was not accidental, as officially reported. Unfortunately, the little notebook so crucial to the preparation of the Commission's famous initial paper, "The Etiology of Yellow Fever -- A Preliminary Note "[5], vanished from Reed's Washington office after his own untimely death in 1902. Still, Lazear's invaluable contribution to the Commission's victory was widely recognized and elicited tributes from many quarters: "He was a splendid, brave fellow," Reed said of his young colleague, " and I lament his loss more than words can tell; but his death was not in vain- His name will live in the history of those who have benefited humanity." [6] "His death was a sacrifice to scientific research of the highest character," stated General Leonard Wood, military Governor of Cuba.[7] "Your husband was a martyr in the noblest of causes," Dr. L. O. Howard wrote to Mabel Lazear, "and I am proud to have known him. . . . His work contributed towards one of the greatest discoveries of the century, the results of which will be of invaluable benefit to mankind."[8] And so they were. Though Lazear's one-year-old son and newborn daughter never knew their father, they grew up in a world liberated -- almost in its entirety -- from the disease that killed him.
[1] Letter fragment from Jesse W. Lazear to Mabel Houston Lazear, 8 September 1900, Philip S. Hench Walter Reed Yellow Fever Collection, Claude Moore Health Sciences Library, Department of Historical Collections and Services, accession number: 00344001.
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Henry Rose Carter (August 25, 1852 - September 14, 1925) was a prominent physician in the U.S. Public Health Service who was a leading authority in the transmission and control of tropical diseases, particularly yellow fever and malaria. During his long career as a sanitarian, Carter undertook campaigns to investigate and control the spread of tropical diseases in Cuba, the Panama Canal Zone, the Southeastern United States, and Peru.
Like Walter Reed and Jefferson Randolph Kean, Henry Rose Carter was a native Virginian and a graduate of the University of Virginia. Carter obtained a civil engineering degree from Virginia in 1873 and also undertook post-graduate work in mathematics and applied chemistry the next year. Subsequently, however, Carter's interests turned towards medicine, and he completed a medical degree at the University of Maryland in 1879. The same year Assistant Surgeon Carter joined the Marine Hospital Service -- later the United States Public Health Service -- and the young surgeon rose steadily through the ranks, ultimately attaining the position of Assistant Surgeon General in 1915.
Carter's initial assignments with the Hospital Service placed him at the center of the yellow fever maelstrom. In 1879 he was detailed to Memphis and other Southern cities, then in the throes of a second year of devastating epidemics. Here began, as his colleague T. H. D. Griffitts observed, Carter's "lifelong interest in the epidemiology and control of yellow fever."[1] After several years of clinical practice in various Marine hospitals, Carter resumed a direct confrontation with yellow fever when his orders for duty with the Gulf Coast Maritime Quarantine assigned him to Ship Island, Mississippi, in 1888. Here and at subsequent quarantine station postings around the Gulf, he quietly championed a thorough review and rationalization of quarantine policies, with a view toward establishing uniform regulation, more thorough disinfection of vessels, and minimized interference with naval commerce. Crucial to the success of these activities was Carter's attention to the incubation period of yellow fever, which his on-site observations indicated to vary between 5 and 7 days. At the time the official literature stated with far less precision a variance of between 1 and 14 days; Carter's work consequently greatly increased the efficiency and effectiveness of quarantine operations.
Nevertheless, yellow fever continued to menace the temperate coastline of the United States, and Carter ably directed the Health Service's epidemiological control efforts in numerous threatened regions. In conjunction with this sanitary work for the 1898 season, Carter made detailed notes on the development of yellow fever at Orwood and Taylor, Mississippi. The isolation of these communities enabled him to identify more reliably the phenomenon of a delay between the initial cases of yellow fever in a locality and the subsequent appearance of secondary infection -- a delay two to four times longer than the incubation period of the disease in an infected person. Carter called this interval between the primary and secondary cases "the period of extrinsic incubation," and he defined its "usual limits . . . [as ranging] from ten to seventeen days."[2]
Before he was able to publish his conclusions, Carter took the helm of the quarantine service in war-time Cuba. There, in 1900, he met U. S. Army Yellow Fever Commission member Jesse Lazear. Carter had finally arranged for his paper's publication that year in the New Orleans Medical and Surgical Journal , and gave a draft to Lazear. "If these dates are correct," Carter later recalled Lazear saying, "it spells a living host."[3] The theory of mosquito transmission long advanced by Cuban scientist Carlos J. Finlay began to seem more likely. And indeed it was. The Commission's experiments in 1900-1901 irrefutably proved the mosquito vector and established the extrinsic incubation period at twelve days. Shortly after these successes Reed saluted Carter, "I know of no one more competent to pass judgment on all that pertains to the subject of yellow fever. You must not forget that your own work in Mississippi did more to impress me with the importance of an intermediate host than everything else put to-gether."[4]
Carter's long and distinguished sanitary career took him to the Panama Canal Zone in 1904, where he served as Chief Quarantine Officer and Chief of Hospitals for five years. He undertook detailed investigations and control measures of malaria in North Carolina and elsewhere in the South, and became a founder of the National Malaria Committee. With the support of the Rockefeller Foundation International Health Board, he undertook additional investigation and control measures for yellow fever in Central and South America. His expertise recommended him to the Peruvian government, which named Carter Sanitary Advisor in 1920-1921. Health problems at the end of his life compelled Carter to withdraw from active fieldwork, though he remained a highly valued consultant to the Health Board and a much-beloved and respected teacher for a new generation of sanitarians. Carter closed his career researching and writing the manuscript that his daughter Laura Armistead Carter edited and published posthumously in 1931: Yellow Fever: An Epidemiological and Historical Study of its Place of Origin. [5]
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Jefferson Randolph Kean (June 27, 1860 - September 4, 1950) was a U.S. Army physician who was a leading authority in sanitation, public health, and tropical diseases. Later in his career, Kean would become widely recognized for his role in organizing and administering medical services for the U.S. armed forces during World War I.
"He possessed one of the keenest, most scholarly minds I've ever encountered," recalled Nobel Prize winner Philip S. Hench of Jefferson Randolph Kean. [1] Kean and Hench shared an abiding interest in the work of the United States Army Yellow Fever Commission -- Kean, as a contemporary and supporter, and Hench, as a scholar and scientist intent on accurate historical documentation. On the advice of yellow fever experiment volunteer John J. Moran, Hench first wrote Kean in 1939. From that initial contact developed a close friendship which would last for the remainder of their lives. Kean entrusted Hench not only with numerous period documents, including original letters, accounts, fever charts, and other items, but also with the freely-given counsel and insight of a trusted friend.
Like Walter Reed and Henry Rose Carter before him, Jefferson Randolph Kean was an alumnus of the University of Virginia, completing the medical program there in 1883. Kean joined the U.S. Army Medical Corps in 1884, and after forty years in the service, retired with the rank of Colonel. Congress awarded him a promotion to Brigadier General, retired, in 1930. The early years of Kean's career passed in medical postings in the American West, and no doubt offered him experiences similar to those of Walter Reed, whom he met not on the frontier, but in Florida in 1896. Kean became an expert in tropical diseases and sanitation during his five-year assignment in the Florida tropics, an expertise which served him well over two terms of service later in Cuba. During the Spanish-American War and subsequent U. S. occupation of Cuba, Kean was Chief Surgeon for the Department of Havana, then Superintendent of the Department of Charities -- from 1898 to 1902. After a four-year interlude as an assistant to the Surgeon General in Washington, D.C., Kean again returned to Cuba as an advisor to the Department of Sanitation from 1906-1909.
Kean himself stated: "Reed and I were good friends before the Yellow Fever Board came to Cuba in June 1900, and [Reed] located himself at Marianao, 8 miles S. W. of Havana," to be within the medical and administrative jurisdiction overseen by Kean. [2] The Chief Surgeon did indeed offer significant assistance, and was an early convert to Carlos Finlay's mosquito theory of transmission, which the Yellow Fever Board's experiments ultimately proved true in the late autumn and winter of 1900-1901. As early as October 13, 1900 -- after the Board's preliminary work, but before the final convincing demonstrations -- Kean issued "Circular No. 8," concerning the latest scholarship on the mosquito vector for disease. [3] The circular contained a set of instructions for the entire command on mosquito eradication. Kean subsequently served as quartermaster and financial administrator for the famous series of yellow fever experiments at Camp Lazear and, for the rest of his life, Kean remained a strong proponent of the Commission's conclusions. He worked tirelessly not only to apply them in the field, but also to accord proper public recognition to the Commission's work.
In addition to his career as a sanitarian, Kean organized the department of military relief of the American Red Cross, and during World War One served as Chief of the U. S. Ambulance Service with the French Army and Deputy Chief Surgeon of the American forces. France named him an Officier de la Légion d'Honneur in recognition for these services. Cuban authorities as well offered Kean recognition with the grand cross of the Order of Merit Carlos J. Finlay, and he received both a Distinguished Service Medal from the United States government and the Gorgas Medal from the Association of Military Surgeons. For a decade after his retirement from active duty, Kean edited this last organization's medical journal, The Military Surgeon , and served on the Surgeon General's editorial board for the multi-volume history of the medical department in World War One. A great-grandson of Thomas Jefferson, Kean also took a seat with the government commission established to build the Jefferson Memorial in Washington, D.C. He held charter membership in the Walter Reed Memorial Association, and remained active in its affairs until his death in 1950.
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Philip Showalter Hench (February 28, 1896 - March 30, 1965) was a U.S. physician who in 1950 was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physiology and Medicine for his role in the discovery of the hormone cortisone. In addition to his medical research, Hench spent almost three decades of his life studying the history of the U.S. Army Yellow Fever Commission and became a leading authority in the subject.
Philip Showalter Hench was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, the son of Jacob Bixler Hench and Clara Showalter. After attending local schools, Hench entered Lafayette College and graduated from the school 1916 with a Bachelor of Arts. Hench completed his medical degree at the University of Pittsburgh in 1920, and subsequently entered a residency program at St. Francis Hospital, Pittsburgh. His association with the Mayo Clinic began in 1921 as a fellow at the institution. Two years later he would become an assistant at the clinic, and then, in 1926, he would be made the head of its Department of Rheumatic Diseases After pursuing post-graduate study in Germany in 1928-1929, Hench obtained a Masters of Science in Internal Medicine at the University of Minnesota in 1931, and a Doctor of Science degree from Lafayette College in 1940. Hench remained for the duration of his career at the Mayo Clinic, where his life-long passion for meticulous research and analysis brought him the Nobel Prize for Physiology and Medicine in 1950, which he shared with Edward C. Kendall and Tadeus Reichstein, for the discovery of cortisone.
The same persistence and determination present in his professional life is also evident in Hench's research on the U. S. Army Yellow Fever Commission's famous experiments. "As a physician particularly interested in medical history," he stated to experiment volunteer John J. Moran in 1937, "I have been long interested in the story of the yellow fever work in John J. Moran, Ralph C. Hutchison, Havana." [1] So began a remarkable odyssey. At the request of his friend Ralph Cooper Hutchison, then president of Washington and Jefferson College, Hench had written Moran to gather information for the dedication of the College's new chemistry building, named for Commission member and former Washington and Jefferson student Jesse W. Lazear. Hench also began a correspondence with another of the yellow fever experiment's original volunteers, John R. Kissinger. Moran's and Kissinger's recollections proved so intriguing that Hench initially offered to edit and publish them. However, in the course of his research Hench discovered that much general information on the topic was inaccurate. Conflicting assertions concerning the participants and unverified claims by medical and governmental authorities in the United States and Cuba -- often politically motivated -- clouded interpretation of the facts. "May I suggest," Moran consequently urged in 1938, "that a clearing up of the REED-FINLAY-CONQUEST-OF-YELLOW-FEVER, or an effort to do so, on your part, is a task far more pressing than publishing the Kissinger-Moran stories or memoirs." [2] Hench resolved to document every aspect of the "Conquest of Yellow-Fever" and to write a much needed accurate and comprehensive history.
For the next two decades, Hench tirelessly combed through public archive collections and personal papers in the United States and Cuba. He met and interviewed surviving participants of the experiments and others associated with the project, as well as family members of the Yellow Fever Commission. He sought out physicians and scientists who had worked with the principal players or who had applied the results in the campaign to eradicate yellow fever. He identified and photographed sites associated with the yellow fever story, and he successfully petitioned politicians in the United States and Cuba to commemorate the work. In the process, Hench became the trusted friend and advisor of many of these same individuals, and they, in turn, presented him with much of the surviving original material for safekeeping.
In short, Hench came to be the world's expert on the yellow fever story and the steward of thousands of original letters and documents. His premature death at age 69 found him still hoping to uncover important missing evidence, his book unwritten. Hench's widow Mary Kahler Hench gave his yellow fever collection to the University of Virginia, Walter Reed's alma mater, and this extensive personal archive forms the most detailed and accurate record available on the Conquest of Yellow Fever.
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The Philip S. Hench Walter Reed Yellow Fever Collection documents the work of the U.S. Army Yellow Fever Commission, the legacy of the commission’s discoveries, the lives of individuals who were connected to the commission, and twentieth century campaigns to shape public memory of the commission. Items in the collection date from 1800 to 1998, with the bulk of the items dating from 1864 to 1974. A wide range of formats are represented in the collection including, but not limited to the following: articles, artifacts, audio cassettes, bills (legislative records), biographies, charts (graphic documents), correspondence, diaries, editorials, interviews, journals (periodicals), magazines, maps, medical records, military records, negatives (photographic), notes, photographs, reports, reprints, scrapbooks, and speeches. Unique materials in the collection are supplemented with copies of original documents and photographs housed in other institutions (e.g. the U.S. National Archives). All of these materials are arranged in 16 series: I. Jesse W. Lazear, II. Henry Rose Carter, III. Walter Reed, IV. Philip Showalter Hench, V. Maps, VI. Alphabetical files, VII. Truby-Kean-Hench, VIII. Miscellany, IX. Photographs, X. Photographic negatives, XI. Reprints, XII. Houston Academy of Medicine/Texas Medical Center additions, XIII. Reed family additions, XIV. P. Kahler Hench additions, XV. Laura Wood, and XVI. Edward Hook additions.
Series I. Jesse W. Lazear consists of materials relating to Lazear that Philip Showalter Hench collected while researching the yellow fever experiments. Items in this series date from around 1800 to 1956 with the bulk of the items dating from 1863 to 1943. Much of the series consists of the correspondence of Jesse W. Lazear and his wife Mabel H. Lazear. Jesse's correspondence dates from his time as a student at Johns Hopkins University to his death in 1900. Researchers can learn a great deal about Jesse from these letters, including his relationships with friends and family, his educational background, and his professional life. Mabel's correspondence dates from the time she met Jesse to her death in 1946. This correspondence primarily concern her husband's historical legacy and a campaign to secure a pension from the U.S. government for herself and her family.
In addition to Jesse and Mabel's correspondence, the series contains other materials relating to them and their families including, but not limited to the following:
Series II. Henry Rose Carter consists of materials relating to Henry Rose Carter that Philip Showalter Hench collected while researching the yellow fever experiments. Items in this series date from around 1880 to 1932 with the bulk of the materials dating from 1883 to 1932. The series is particularly rich in materials that document Henry Rose Carter's professional activities in the last eleven years of his life (1914-1925). These materials include, but are not limited to the following:
Series II. also contains correspondence between Henry Rose Carter and members of his family that date from 1880 to 1925. The family members with whom Henry corresponds most frequently in this series are his mother, Emma Coleman Carter; his wife, Laura Eugenia Hook Carter; his daughter, Laura Armistead Carter; and his son, Henry Rose Carter, Jr. These letters are not only a rich source of information about Carter's personal views and family life, they also provide valuable insights into his professional activities such as his experiences aboard vessels and in ports while working for the U.S. Marine Hospital Service and his public health work in Cuba, Panama, and Peru.
In addition to the materials that were produced during Henry Rose Carter's lifetime, the Series II. contains materials that were produced between 1925 and 1940 (after Henry Rose Carter's death) including, but not limited to the following:
Series III. Walter Reed consists of materials that document the life of Walter Reed as well as the work and legacy of the U.S. Army Yellow Fever Commission. Items in the series date from 1806 to around 1955 with the bulk of the items dating from 1874 to 1936. The series is particularly rich in materials that document the professional and personal life of Walter Reed from 1874 to his death in 1902. These materials include, but are not limited to the following:
In addition to the above items, Series III. contains materials that document campaigns, spanning from 1902 to 1937, to publicly honor members of the U.S. Army Yellow Fever Commission and those who participated in the commission's experiments. These materials include, but are not limited to the following:
Finally, Series III. also consists of materials that document the history of yellow fever during the nineteenth and early twentieth century. These materials include, but are not limited to the following:
Series IV. Philip Showalter Hench primarily consists of materials that Hench created or collected while researching the U.S. Army Yellow Fever Commission. Items in this series date from around 1850 to around 1865 with the bulk of the items dating from 1937 to 1960. Researchers who are studying the yellow fever experiments will be particularly interested in the materials (e.g. interviews, autobiographies) that document first-hand accounts of the events surrounding the experiments. Other researchers may be interested in items that document Hench's role in shaping public memory of the commission and its experiments. The materials in this series include, but are not limited to the following:
Series V. Maps primarily consists of maps and floor plans that Philip Showalter Hench created or collected while researching the yellow fever experiments. Items in this series date from around 1846 to around 1960 with the bulk of the items dating from 1899 to 1951. The maps and floor plans often include annotations and illustrate a wide range of locations including, but not limited to the following:
In addition to the maps and floor plans, Series V. also consists of a few newspaper and magazine clippings that contain information relating to the yellow fever experiments.
Series VI. Alphabetical files primarily consists of materials that Philip Showalter Hench created or collected while researching the yellow fever experiments. Items in this series date from around 1860 to around 1966 with the bulk of the items dating from 1940 to 1956. All of these items have been arranged thematically into biographical files. Each file contains materials created by or relating to people who were either involved with the yellow fever experiments or aided Philip Showalter Hench in his research of the subject. These people include, but are not limited to: John J. Moran, Carlos E. Finlay, Laura Wood Roper, Mabel Lazear, Clara Maas, John R. Kissinger, Roger Post Ames, James C. Carroll, and Carlos J. Finlay. The files are arranged alphabetically by the last names of the individuals listed on the files and it is unclear whether the overall arrangement was made by Hench or by staff members at the University of Virginia. The biographical files contain a wide range of different materials that pertain to the individuals listed on the files. These materials include, but are not limited to the following:
In addition to the materials that Hench created or collected during his lifetime, the biographical files in Series VI. also contain items that were added by staff at the University of Virginia Library during the late 1960s and early 1970s.
Series VII. Truby-Kean-Hench primarily consists of materials relating to Albert E. Truby and Jefferson Randolph Kean that Philip Showalter Hench created or collected while researching the yellow fever experiments. Items in this series date from around 1879 to around 1960 with the bulk of the items dating from 1900 to 1954. These items include, but are not limited to the following:
In addition to the materials relating to Kean and Truby, Series VII. also includes the following:
Series VIII. Miscellany consists of oversize and miscellaneous materials in the Philip S. Hench Walter Reed yellow fever collection that were, for various reasons, not included in any of the other series in the collection. Items in this series date from around 1849 to 1982 with the bulk of the materials dating from 1885 to 1974. These materials include, but are not limited to the following:
Series IX. Photographs consists primarily of photographs that Philip Showalter Hench created and collected while researching the yellow fever experiments. Items in this series date from around 1846 to around 1966 with the bulk of the items dating from around 1870 to around 1960. The subjects shown in the photographs include, but are not limited to the following:
Series IX. also includes a watercolor that was painted by Emilie Lawrence Reed.
Series X. Photographic negatives consists of a mix of original and copy negatives that Philip Showalter Hench collected while researching the yellow fever experiments. Although the original images recorded on the negatives date from between the 1860s and the 1960s, it appears that the negatives themselves were produced during a narrower time frame, most likely between 1930 and 1966.
The negatives in Series X. record images associated with the yellow fever experiments and many of them are related to photographic prints found in Series VIII. Where a match between a negative and a print from these series has been made, the negative number has been written on the folder of the print in the physical collection. Finally, the negatives are generally arranged in numerical order by identification numbers that were most likely assigned by Philip Showalter Hench.
Series XI. Reprints consists of reprints and photocopies of journal articles, book extracts, book reviews and other published works that were primarily collected by Philip Showalter Hench while researching the yellow fever experiments. Items in this series date from 1856 to 1971 and cover a wide range of topics related to the study and eradication of yellow fever, including, but not limited to the following:
Series XII. Houston Academy of Medicine/Texas Medical Center additions consists of materials that Philip Showalter Hench created or collected while researching the yellow fever experiments. Items in this series date from around 1901 to around 1966. These materials were originally a part of the Philip S. Hench papers in the John P. McGovern Historical Collections and Research Center at the Texas Medical Center Library, but they were transferred to the University of Virginia in 1991. These items include, but are not limited to the following:
Series XIII. Reed family additions consists of materials relating to the yellow fever experiments that several different donors gave to the University of Virginia. Items in the series date from around 1850 to 1967 with the bulk of the items dating from 1868 to 1949. The largest portion of the series is comprised of correspondence written by Walter Reed and his family between 1877 and 1902 that provide insights into their relationships and personal lives.
In addition to the Reed family's correspondence, the series also contains other materials relating to the Reed family and the yellow fever experiments including, but not limited to the following:
Series XIV. P. Kahler Hench additions consists of original and photocopied materials that Philip Showalter Hench's son, P. Kahler Hench, donated to the University of Virginia in 1988 and 1989. Items in the series date from around 1860 to 1965 with the bulk of the materials dating from 1898 to 1965. Most of these items were collected or created by Philip Showalter Hench while researching the yellow fever experiments. These items include the following:
Series XIV. also contains correspondence and financial records that record the transfer of collection items from the Reed family to Philip Showalter Hench and later from the Hench family to the University of Virginia.
Series XV. Laura Wood primarily consists of Laura Wood's correspondence relating to her research for a Walter Reed biography that she wrote. The series also includes, but is not limited to the following materials:
Items in Series XV. date from 1875 to 1946 with the bulk of the items dating from 1941 to 1946.
Series XVI. Edward Hook additions consists of copies of letters, articles, and photographs relating to the yellow fever experiments that had been collected by Edward W. Hook, Jr, a professor of medicine at the University of Virginia. The bulk of this series is comprised of copies of a small collection of James Carroll's correspondence. The original versions of Carroll's correspondence are not housed at the University of Virginia. In addition to the Carroll letters, this series also includes, but is not limited to the following:
Items in Series XVI. date from around 1880 to around 1998 with the bulk of the items dating from 1898 to 1901.
The Philip S. Hench Walter Reed Yellow Fever Collection is organized in 16 series:
I. Jesse W. Lazear II. Henry Rose Carter III. Walter Reed IV. Philip Showalter Hench V. Maps VI. Alphabetical files VII. Truby-Kean-Hench VIII. Miscellany IX. Photographs X. Photographic negatives XI. Reprints XII. Houston Academy of Medicine/Texas Medical Center additions XIII. Reed family additions XIV. P. Kahler Hench additions XV. Laura Wood XVI. Edward Hook additionsSeries I. Jesse W. Lazear consists of materials relating to Lazear that Philip Showalter Hench collected while researching the yellow fever experiments. Items in this series date from around 1800 to 1956 with the bulk of the items dating from 1863 to 1943. Much of the series consists of the correspondence of Jesse W. Lazear and his wife Mabel H. Lazear. Jesse's correspondence dates from his time as a student at Johns Hopkins University to his death in 1900. Researchers can learn a great deal about Jesse from these letters, including his relationships with friends and family, his educational background, and his professional life. Mabel's correspondence dates from the time she met Jesse to her death in 1946. This correspondence primarily concern her husband's historical legacy and a campaign to secure a pension from the U.S. government for herself and her family.
In addition to Jesse and Mabel's correspondence, the series contains other materials relating to them and their families including, but not limited to the following:
The family tree was copied from an original by Redmond John Grace that was made in 1831.
Pettigrew grants protection to Benjamin Plowden Barney, a free black man from Maryland
This is a copy of a speech that the Honorable Jesse Lazear of Pennsylvania delivered in the House of Representatives. In the speech, Lazear criticizes the conduct of the federal government during the U.S. Civil War.
William Lazear writes that his mother's health is improving.
William Lazear announces the death of his mother and the upcoming funeral.
William Lazear arrives safely.
William Lazear describes family activities.
William Lazear writes about a heat wave, travel plans, and family news.
in envelope addressed to Mabel H. Lazear dated October 10, 1900
The envelope at one time contained 2 letters, one dated July 31, 1871 and the other dated May 24, 1872.
William Lazear arrives safely. He gives news of relatives.
Lazear writes about killing potato bugs, attending church, studying the map of Europe, and memorization.
William Lazear writes about the Centennial Exhibition. He also provides family news.
Presented to Jesse W. Lazear by Boyd Crumwine on February 4, 1882
Lazear has graduated from Johns Hopkins University.
The trustees of Johns Hopkins thank Lazear for his donation.
This is a report of Lazear's grades at Johns Hopkins University.
Lazear writes to his mother that he has finished packing.
Lazear describes his sea voyage, including the passengers, the weather, and icebergs.
Lazear cables that he has arrived safely.
Lazear is admitted to the practical anatomy class at the University of Edinburgh.
Lazear writes that he has begun dissection work in his anatomy course. He describes his living arrangements and customs regarding women.
Lazear describes Edinburgh.
Lazear gives his mother advice on interpersonal relations. He mentions his living arrangements and the American Opera Company.
Lazear describes life in Edinburgh and the surrounding countryside.
Lazear compares his classes in medical school with those in New York.
Lazear describes walks and sightseeing in Edinburgh.
Lazear discusses the mail service, anatomy examinations, and the Scots.
Lazear discusses the weather, Edinburgh, the anatomy department, and the Scots.
Lazear writes that he wants to spend September in Germany to practice German, rather than returning to New York.
Lazear writes about the weather and his plans to travel once his examinations are finished.
Lazear has received some U.S. newspapers. He discusses his plans for the next several weeks.
Lazear writes that he is nearly finished with his courses.
Lazear writes that he plans to travel elsewhere in Scotland before eventually heading to London.
Hepburn requests that Lazear appear for his final examination.
Lazear describes the examination process and writes that the past seven weeks have been the most profitable of his life. He details his future travel plans.
Two University of Edinburgh certificates of merit, which were awarded to Lazear.
Lazear has finished at the University of Edinburgh, where he receives recognition for his good work. He visits Glasgow and describes a trip through the Lake Country.
Lazear gives his impressions of Glasgow. After a brief return to Edinburgh, he travels to London.
Lazear writes that he will be able to observe surgical operations in London. He discusses the theater, sightseeing, and a band concert.
Lazear learns that he may observe surgical operations at St. Bartholomew's Hospital. He describes many sights in London.
Lazear is distressed by his mother's illness. He discusses London and his observations of surgical operations.
Lazear describes sightseeing in London. He is preparing to depart for Paris.
Lazear is concerned about his mother's continuing illness. He is very glad to be in Paris.
Lazear continues his sightseeing in Paris. He plans to sail on September 6.
Lazear writes about sightseeing in Paris and the opera.
Lazear writes that he has left Paris after more sightseeing.
Lazear is in Germany practicing his German.
Lazear writes about a long hiking trip and the Alsace-Lorraine.
Lazear writes that he is still in Germany and comments on the German army.
Lazear writes about visiting Heidelberg, Frankfort, and the Rhine River valley.
Lazear writes about his hiking and Amsterdam. He is looking forward to resting on the steamer and seeing her again.
Lazear writes about the beginning of his voyage home.
Lazear writes about his trans-Atlantic voyage. He arrives safely in New York and will travel to Baltimore soon.
Lazear has been entered in the Register of Physicians and Surgeons for New York County.
Lazear visits the World's Colombian Exposition in Chicago. He comments on traveling.
Lazear continues his visit to the World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago. He arranges for his trip to New York.
Lazear describes a trip to Fontainebleau, in France. He mistakenly wrote "1894" as the year on the letter.
Lazear writes about his trip through France.
Lazear regrets that he missed his mother's visit, but that he hopes to see her this week. He also discusses financial issues.
Lazear writes that he has seen his uncle, Thomas Lazear. He also discusses financial issues relating to real estate.
Lazear writes that he plans to spend time at home, although he will have to make regular trips to the laboratory.
Lazear writes that he is leaving for California, although he dreads the long journey.
Lazear describes his cross-country trip. He discusses a proposed real estate deal.
Lazear visits Mabel Houston.
Lazear describes life in California. He writes that he will visit his mother in Canada.
Lazear describes life in California. He discusses the weather and his acquaintances.
Lazear discusses the upcoming American presidential election.
Lazear writes about making expeditions into the California mountains. He will leave in two weeks for San Francisco, and plans to meet Sweitzer in Canada.
Lazear writes about working in Baltimore and his devotion to Mabel Houston.
Lazear writes that he has cancelled his rendezvous with Sweitzer in Canada. His marriage to Mabel Houston is planned for September.
Physician's and Surgeon's Certificate of Registration, State of Maryland, City of Baltimore.
Lazear writes that he has introduced Mabel Houston to his friends in Baltimore.
Lazear expresses concern about Sweitzer's health and offers treatment.
Lazear discusses his mother's planned visit to Baltimore.
Lazear discusses Sweitzer's upcoming visit to Baltimore.
Lazear writes about life in Baltimore.
Lazear thanks his mother for the birthday gifts she sent.
Lazear discusses his work and notes that he is teaching Clinical Microscopy to post-graduate students. He inquires about family members.
Sweitzer cancels her visit to Baltimore, but Lazear is anxious to meet her in New York before she leaves for Canada.
Lazear writes about work at the hospital.
Lazear gives Sweitzer medical advice and makes vacation plans.
Lazear writes that he is leaving Baltimore for a vacation.
Lazear writes that he is attempting to gain access to a medical library, even though he is on vacation in Massachusetts.
Lazear writes that he has moved to a boarding house.
Lazear writes about financial issues and invites Sweitzer to join him in Massachusetts.
Lazear writes that he plans to return to Baltimore at the end of August.
Lazear writes that he is returning to Baltimore. Mabel Lazear's mother wishes to meet Sweitzer, so Lazear suggests that she stay in the Boston area next season.
Lazear describes his return trip to Baltimore and provides family news.
Lazear comments on life in Massachusetts. He provides family news and hopes that Sweitzer enjoys her time in Boston.
Lazear discusses Sweitzer's visit to the Boston area and her visit with Mabel Lazear's mother, Martha Houston.
Lazear writes about settling into a new house, in Baltimore. He also reports that Martha Houston is disappointed that Sweitzer will not be visiting her.
Lazear writes that he is glad Sweitzer has decided to go to Beverly, Massachusetts.
Lazear discusses Sweitzer's upcoming trip to Massachusetts.
Lazear discusses Sweitzer's upcoming visit to Baltimore.
Lazear fears that rain will prevent him from visiting Sweitzer. He invites her to come to town to hear a concert and spend the night.
Lazear writes that he has not found time to visit Sweitzer. He thanks her for a birthday present, and invites her for a visit.
Lazear writes that he will continue to work next year at the hospital with the same appointment.
Lazear regrets to hear that Johnson is dead. Mabel Lazear is delighted with her present.
Lazear expresses his hopes that Sweitzer will visit him.
Lazear wishes Sweitzer a nice trip to New York, and informs her they haven't found a house yet.
Lazear writes that he may see Sweitzer tomorrow. He has vacation time and so may visit South Yarmouth.
Lazear writes that many of his old friends are connected with the Army.
Lazear writes about his vacation on Nantucket Island.
Lazear discusses his travel plans. He reports that Martha Houston is sorry Sweitzer didn't visit.
Lazear writes about searching for a new house.
Lazear acknowledges receiving Sweitzer's check.
Lazear writes that he will try to see her soon.
Lazear is glad to hear that his mother and Martha Houston are enjoying each other. He informs Sweitzer that Mabel Lazear has gone into labor.
Lazear informs Sweitzer that Mabel Lazear has given birth to a son, William Houston Lazear.
Lazear reports that Mabel Lazear is recovering nicely.
Lazear regrets that Sweitzer's trunk has not yet been sent.
Lazear writes that he will try to see her, and that he is planning a trip to Washington to show specimens to the medical association.
Lazear provides news about the new baby.
Lazear writes about family news.
Lazear thanks Sweitzer for providing so much help. He discusses his lodgings and his work at the hospital.
Lazear reports on the health of Mabel Lazear and their child.
Lazear relates family news and his living situation.
Lazear provides family news.
Lazear discusses his new lodgings and provides family news.
Lazear reports that he has been busy since the start of medical school. He discusses the growth of his child.
Lazear writes about his child.
Lazear provides family news and inquires when to expect Sweitzer.
Herron offers Lazear advice on the sale of a lot adjacent to Lazear's Denniston Avenue property.
Lazear is ordered to report to Tampa, Florida, for transfer to Columbia Barracks, Cuba.
Lazear's army contract has been received.
Lazear provides travel details.
Lazear provides travel details and reports that his son is well.
Lazear describes his journey and Cuba.
Lazear describes his domestic arrangements in Cuba.
Lazear describes his domestic arrangements and gives his opinion on the Cuban political situation.
Lazear provides his impressions of Cuba.
Lazear reports that the Secretary of War, Elihu Root, will visit the camp. He discusses his laboratory work.
Lazear describes the camp location and commanders. He offers his opinion of Cubans and reports that Mabel Lazear will leave for the United States before the fever season quarantine begins.
Lazear, writing as William Lazear, describes his son's daily life.
Lazear writes that he will assist Reed in an investigation of a disinfectant. He offers his opinion on the political situation in Cuba.
Lazear writes that his workload will be lighter after Reed leaves. He reports that his son is well.
Lazear writes about Mabel Lazear's trip home. He has finished a paper on malaria but will still do more research. He is currently doing bacteriological work.
Lazear writes about Mabel Lazear's trip home and his son's health.
Lazear reports that there is little chance of getting leave.
Lazear offers his opinions on Cuba.
Lazear writes about his living arrangements and his laboratory. He discusses the political situation in Cuba.
Lazear writes that he misses watching his son grow and the comforts of home.
Lazear provides family news.
Lazear writes about family plans for the summer. He is pleased to be named a member of a board to study infectious diseases, headed by Walter Reed.
Lazear writes about family plans. He explains the work of the investigative board and is glad that Reed will be its leader.
Lazear plans for Sweitzer to visit him next winter.
Lazear reports that his real estate agent has rented his house in Baltimore. He has been running the officers' mess.
Lazear reports that the yellow fever epidemic is waning. Reed, Carroll and he will study malaria.
Lazear reports that the yellow fever epidemic seems to be over, and that the board is hard at work studying Cuban infectious diseases.
Lazear reports that his wife has been hospitalized.
Lazear reports that Reed has them working on Sanarelli's bacillus, but he wants to discover the real organism. He offers his opinion of Carroll.
Lazear writes that Mabel Lazear's doctor will telegraph him when her situation changes.
Lazear writes about his travels to other posts to gather statistics.
Lazear describes a trip to Pinar del Rio. Mabel Lazear has had a long hospital stay.
Lazear reports that United States Army troops have been withdrawn from Guanajay and Pinar del Rio, although the United States will remain in Cuba for several years until a stable government is established. Lazear hopes to have work in Washington after the Cuban research is finished.
Lazear writes about family plans. He is now working on malaria, and says yellow fever is decreasing in Havana.
[Lazear] disagrees with Reed and Carroll's concentration on Sanarelli's work. He believes that the true cause of yellow fever lies elsewhere.
Lazear writes that he received a telegram announcing his daughter's birth. He hopes for a vacation in the United States in October.
Lazear reports that Mabel Lazear and the baby are well.
Lazear believes he is on the track of the yellow fever germ but this news must be kept secret for now.
Lazear details his plan to return to the United States for a visit. He also discusses improvements to his quarters.
Lazear thanks her for the magazines she sent. He describes his average day.
a request for report on Jesse W. Lazear's daily condition
George Miller Sternberg requests Hurd to inform Mrs. Jesse W. Lazear about her husband's condition.
Jefferson Randolph Kean acknowledges that Jesse W. Lazear has yellow fever.
T.B. Futcher discusses Jesse W. Lazear's illness.
Jefferson Randolph Kean comments on the seriousness of Jesse W. Lazear's condition.
Kean describes the contributions and sacrifices that Lazear has made for science, and asks Sternberg to make a public statement about Lazear's death and his courage in life. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Albert E. Truby informs the quartermaster of Jesse W. Lazear's death.
Kean informs the War Department of Jesse W. Lazear's death.
The telegram concerns Jesse W. Lazear's illness.
Kean informs Mabel Lazear of Lazear's death.
William Osler requests news about Jesse W. Lazear's condition.
George Miller Sternberg informs William Osler about Jesse W. Lazear's death.
T.B. Futcher tells George Miller Sternberg that Mrs. Jesse W. Lazear has been informed of her husband's death.
Thomas A. Baldwin reports Jesse W. Lazear's death.
The collection finding aid does not list all of the items that are housed in this file.
The collection finding aid does not list all of the items that are housed in this file.
This article, which appeared in the St. Louis Medical Review , discusses the transmission of yellow fever via mosquitoes.
Wood lauds the work that Lazear did and praises him as a martyr. Wood includes a copy of another letter he sent to the United States Army in which he advocates for a pension for Mabel H. Lazear.
Mabel H. Lazear asks Carroll for information on the circumstances of Jesse Lazear's death.
Morris reports that he will investigate what money may be due Mabel Lazear for Lazear's army services.
This obituary, which appeared in the Johns Hopkins Hospital Bulletin , honors Jesse Lazear.
A short acknowledgement of Jesse W. Lazear's death and service to medical science.
This obituary encourages friends and admirers of the late Jesse Lazear to contribute to a fund for a Memorial in his name.
This bill would award a pension to Mabel Lazear.
with attached notes by Philip Showalter Hench
Howard reports that he has lobbied Congress to acknowledge Lazear's service. He believes Lazear was a martyr.
Letter concerns the award of a pension to Mabel H. Lazear.
Jesse T. Lazear provides family news. He reports that two noted physicians spoke to him about Jesse W. Lazear's death.
Mabel Lazear writes about family news. She reports that she has been lobbying for her pension.
Wood lobbies for a pension for Lazear's widow.
Osler writes that he will help secure Mabel Lazear's pension.
Houston provides news of Mabel Lazear and her children, as well as the effort to secure a pension for her.
Kahn writes that he will assist with Mabel Lazear's pension.
Houston provides news of Mabel Lazear and the children, as well as the pension efforts.
Mabel Lazear provides news of the children. She has received supportive letters and is still campaigning for her pension.
Reed praises the service of Lazear and insists he died in the line of duty.
Houston provides family news and mentions an article on Lazear's life.
This testimonial supports a petition to Congress for a pension for Mabel Lazear.
This testimonial supports a petition to Congress for a pension for Mabel Lazear.
Mabel Lazear writes with news of the children. She also discusses her efforts regarding the pension as well as Lazear Memorial efforts.
Mabel Lazear provides family news. Her pension bill needs only the president's signature to become official.
Mabel Lazear thanks Sweitzer for corsets she had sent. She provides news of her children, and says her pension bill has passed the House and the Senate.
Houston provides family news. She discusses letters of congratulation for the passage of the pension bill.
Mabel Lazear thanks Sweitzer for a check. She writes about the children, but has not yet begun to receive her pension.
Mabel Lazear empathizes with Sweitzer regarding her financial losses. She asks for dates from Lazear's life to send to Paton.
The collection finding aid does not list all of the items that are housed in this file.
The company will send Sweitzer a check for her transfer of claim.
Gorgas requests Mabel Lazear's opinion on raising a subscription for her benefit. He reports that Emilie Lawrence Reed was just granted a pension. He expresses his admiration for Lazear.
Gray requests Mabel Lazear's opinion regarding an offer to purchase Lazear property in Pittsburgh.
Hurd discusses the support of Johns Hopkins Hospital by Rockefeller. The Lazear memorial tablet is finished and the balance of the funds will go to Mabel Lazear.
Thayer believes that Lazear should receive credit for being the first to advocate the mosquito theory to the U.S. Army Yellow Fever Commission.
Latimer writes that Kelly would like to know the location of Lazear's grave.
Thayer requests the names and ages of the two Lazear children for further pension efforts.
Mabel Lazear sympathizes with Carroll over his lack of pension, noting how difficult it was for her to receive support. She comments on Mansfelde's effort regarding credit due Lazear.
Watson writes that the New York Merchants' Association wants to work for a pension increase for her. He believes Lazear's work has been slighted.
Watson writes that he is trying to increase Mabel Lazear's pension.
This is a bill for Mabel Lazear's pension. It credits Lazear with discovering the theory of mosquito transmission of yellow fever.
The Merchants' Association of New York will work to increase Mabel Lazear's pension.
Mead writes about work to increase the pensions for the families of Lazear and Carroll.
Von Mansfelde comments on the work of Lazear and Carroll regarding the Yellow Fever Commission. He believes that Mabel Lazear and James Carroll should receive the same pension as Emilie Lawrence Reed.
Mead requests a financial statement so that he can continue working to increase her pension.
Watson writes about work to increase Mabel Lazear's pension.
Von Mansfelde informs Mabel Lazear that Carroll has died. He discusses work to increase her pension.
Von Mansfelde discusses his work to increase Mabel Lazear's pension.
Von Mansfelde writes about his work to increase Mabel Lazear's pension.
Dalzell will support an increase in Mabel Lazear's pension.
Von Mansfelde writes that he is working to increase Mabel Lazear's pension.
Thomas Lazear provides family news, and details pending action on the pension increase.
Von Mansfelde writes that he is eager to see that Carroll and Lazear receive due credit for their yellow fever work.
William Lazear writes about buying skates, and Mabel Lazear informs Sweitzer that she is awaiting news on a possible increase in her pension.
The Committee on Pensions reports on a possible increase in the pensions of Jennie Carroll and Mabel Lazear.
Welch sends Mabel Lazear a check from Phipps. Welch hopes that the pension increase will pass the House.
Mabel Lazear writes that the pension bill has passed the Senate. She also relates family news.
The bill proposes to increase the pensions for Mabel H. Lazear and Jennie Carroll.
Thomas Lazear writes that Representative Dalzell guided the pension bill through the House.
This bill grants a pension to Mabel Lazear.
Mead provides an update on the bill in the House of Representatives and the Senate to grant a pension to Mabel Lazear.
Mead discusses a memorandum for President Roosevelt concerning support for the beneficiaries of the Yellow Fever Commission.
Von Mansfelde sends Mabel Lazear an update on preparations to pass a bill to support the widows and children of the Yellow Fever Commission.
Von Mansfelde reports that the Senate Committee on Pensions voted favorably on the Lazear and Carroll pension bills. The House committee members also support the measure.
Von Mansfelde writes that politics are involved in procuring passage of the pension bills.
Mead reports that the bill passed by the Senate will grant pensions to the widows of Lazear and Carroll.
Pillsbury informs Mabel Lazear that he supports her pension and encloses a copy of the letter he sent to Senators Perkins and Flint.
Pillsbury writes to Senator Perkins in support of a pension increase for Mabel Lazear.
Pillsbury informs Mabel Lazear that the members of the House of Representatives from California will do all they can to pass the Senate pension bill.
The pension voted by Congress for Mabel Lazear is being opposed by a member of the Reparations Committee. Williams requests help in pressuring the committee in her favor.
Thomas Lazear writes about the difficulties in passing a pension bill on behalf of the families of Carroll and Lazear.
Mead discusses the pension bills before Congress.
This is a draft of the bill granting annuities to Jennie Carroll and Mabel Lazear.
The Bill awards pensions to Jennie Carroll and Mabel Lazear from the War Department in recognition of their husbands' service in the yellow fever work.
Von Mansfelde details his political maneuvering to get the pension bill passed.
Von Mansfelde writes that the president supports the annuity bill.
Thomas Lazear informs Mabel Lazear that the annuity bill has passed.
The Paymaster General of the Army designates a payment schedule for the annuity of Mabel Lazear.
Von Mansfelde asks why he has not heard from Mabel Lazear.
Mabel Lazear expresses appreciation for the play about her husband, Jesse Lazear.
Mabel Lazear explains the breadth of support for her annuity from various groups.
This list supplies the names of the members of the Committee on Pensions who might favorably view Mabel Lazear's request for an annuity.
This circular relates Lazear's role in the yellow fever research.
This bill grants an annuity to Mabel Lazear.
Von Mansfelde informs Mabel Lazear that the annuity bill has passed the House.
The Merchants' Association informs Mabel Lazear that the annuity bill passed the Senate by unanimous consent, but still needs the president's signature.
Mead informs Mabel Lazear that the Dalzell Bill has passed both the Senate and the House.
The Merchants' Association informs Mabel Lazear that the president has signed the annuity bill.
Von Mansfelde informs Mabel Lazear that the president has signed the annuity bill.
Armstrong requests biographical material on her son, Jesse Lazear, for a college reunion event.
Kane requests a photograph of Jesse Lazear.
Kane thanks Sweitzer for a photograph of Lazear and describes the new Jesse Lazear School.
Thomas Lazear transcribes a note written to him by Admiral Dewey on the fly leaf of Dewey's autobiography. The message praises Jesse Lazear.
Norton requests a photograph of Jesse Lazear.
The collection finding aid does not list all of the items that are housed in this file.
Mabel Lazear writes that the National Cyclopedia of American Biography plans a biography on Jesse Lazear.
Derby requests information on Jesse Lazear for the National Cyclopedia of American Biography.
Mabel Lazear provides family news.
Seth informs William Lazear that Windsor Mansion is being sold and its contents divided among family members.
The collection finding aid does not list all of the items that are housed in this file.
Jesse T. Lazear discusses financial affairs concerning Mabel Lazear and her children.
The collection finding aid does not list all of the items that are housed in this file.
Catherine Lazear provides family news and recalls the day of William Lazear's birth.
Darnall requests information concerning Mabel Lazear's age, health, and finances.
Darnall requests that Mabel Lazear send information related to the annuity directly to the Surgeon General.
Anthony informs Mabel Lazear that the item covering her annuity has passed the House and the Senate.
Mead sends Mabel Lazear copies of his letters to the Surgeon General and the Appropriations Subcommittee encouraging the continuation of her annuity.
[Mead] writes to Congressman Anthony in support of the continuation of Mabel Lazear's annuity.
[Mead] writes to Surgeon-General Ireland in support of the continuation of Mabel Lazear's annuity.
Anthony thanks Mead for bringing to his attention the annuities of Mabel Lazear and Jennie Carroll.
Ireland agrees with Mead regarding the annuities of Mabel Lazear and Jennie Carroll.
Mead thanks Anthony for his assistance in renewing Mabel Lazear's and Jennie Carroll's annuities.
Mead hopes that the annuities will continue as long as Mabel Lazear and Jennie Carroll are in need.
Mead informs Mabel Lazear that items for the continuation of her annuity have passed both the House and the Senate.
Mabel Lazear expresses gratitude for what the Merchants' Association of New York has done for her.
Thayer offers Mabel Lazear his assistance if ever she needs it.
The collection finding aid does not list all of the items that are housed in this file.
Gawne offers to send copies of letters to William Lazear that pay tribute to his father.
This is a Lazear family genealogy prepared by Jeannette Dean-Throckmorton, a member of the Lazear family.
These notes concern the life of Lazear.
Thayer makes reference to Carter's experiments and their influence on Lazear. Thayer inquires if Lazear discussed his theories with her.
Thayer thanks her for the extracts of letters she sent, which confirmed that the Yellow Fever Commission initially pursued the Sanarelli hypothesis.
Templeton informs her that reference material on Jesse Lazear is being filed at the [Washington and Jefferson College] library.
"Tingle" decries the lack of recognition of Lazear's heroism and sends some money to Mabel Lazear. The stationery is imprinted with the story of Tingle, a pseudonym used by philanthropists who wish to remain anonymous.
The writer reports that an effort is underway to increase the annuities of the yellow fever investigators, volunteers, and their relatives.
Kean requests supplemental information on Jesse Lazear's life, as well as information on Mabel Lazear and her children.
Bridges informs Mabel Lazear that Jesse Lazear's name is now on the Roll of Honor.
The collection finding aid does not list all of the items that are housed in this file.
Agramonte reports that Columbia University plans an unveiling of a memorial plaque in honor of Lazear.
Agramonte writes that he believes Lazear deserves more credit for his work with the Yellow Fever Commission.
Van Beuren requests a photograph of Lazear to use in creating a bas-relief portrait for a memorial.
Van Beuren thanks Mabel Lazear for trying to find photograph of Lazear.
Harper informs Mabel Lazear that her annuity will now be paid by the Veterans' Bureau.
Congress authorizes presentation of gold medal to widow in recognition of high public service of late husband.
Clarissa provides news about family and friends. She comments on the movie “Yellow Jack.”
Howard writes that Agramonte has published a pamphlet on the yellow fever experiments and that a play on the subject is planned.
The Franklin Institute requests permission to broadcast a drama based on the yellow fever experiments.
Peddicord requests information to write an article about the life of Jesse Lazear.
Mabel Lazear apologizes for not being able to send any of her papers to Peddicord.
Hutchinson describes the play she has written, based upon the work of the Yellow Fever Commission.
Hutchinson reports that her script for the play appears to be rejected. She asks for cooperation in writing a book about Lazear.
Albertini memorializes Jesse W. Lazear and Clara Maass.
Stirling informs Mabel Lazear that her pension identification number has been changed.
Philip Showalter Hench gave this speech at Washington and Jefferson College on October 26, 1940.
This file contains a copy of the speech: "Jesse Lazear: His Significance to the Science Student "given by Wilbur A. Sawyer on October 26, 1940 at Washington and Jefferson College.
The box and slides are labelled with the name, Jesse W. Lazear. The box is also labelled with the initials, "J.H.[U?]".
The box is labelled with the name, Jesse W. Lazear.
The box is labelled: "P.S. Normal Histology". Some of the slides are labelled with the name Jesse W. Lazear.
Some of the slides are labelled with the name Jesse W. Lazear.
The box is labelled with the following text: "J.W. Lazear P.S. N.Y." Some of the slides are labelled with the name Jesse W. Lazear.
The slides are labelled with the name Jesse W. Lazear.
Series II. Henry Rose Carter consists of materials relating to Henry Rose Carter that Philip Showalter Hench collected while researching the yellow fever experiments. Items in this series date from around 1880 to 1932 with the bulk of the materials dating from 1883 to 1932. The series is particularly rich in materials that document Henry Rose Carter's professional activities in the last eleven years of his life (1914-1925). These materials include, but are not limited to the following:
Series II. also contains correspondence between Henry Rose Carter and members of his family that date from 1880 to 1925. The family members with whom Henry corresponds most frequently in this series are his mother, Emma Coleman Carter; his wife, Laura Eugenia Hook Carter; his daughter, Laura Armistead Carter; and his son, Henry Rose Carter, Jr. These letters are not only a rich source of information about Carter's personal views and family life, they also provide valuable insights into his professional activities such as his experiences aboard vessels and in ports while working for the U.S. Marine Hospital Service and his public health work in Cuba, Panama, and Peru.
In addition to the materials that were produced during Henry Rose Carter's lifetime, the Series II. contains materials that were produced between 1925 and 1940 (after Henry Rose Carter's death) including, but not limited to the following:
Carter describes the ailments of his patients to his mother.
Carter describes his newborn son and mentions his wife and daughter.
Carter provides family news and describes Christmas celebrations.
Carter discusses his new post and family news.
Carter provides camp news.
Carter provides camp and family news.
Carter provides camp and family news.
Carter describes his work and comments on the quarantine. He also provides family news.
Carter writes about his new post, as well as his family.
Carter writes that his life has been unsettled for the part ten years and a struggle for the past four or five. He discusses his work of caring for patients in hospitals and aboard vessels.
Carter comments on the quarantine service and his wife's health.
Carter discusses the quarantine and his plans for the winter.
Carter discusses his plans for next year. He does not know if he will stay, but wants his family in Virginia.
Carter writes that he has returned home, but has contracted malaria.
Carter writes about the health of his wife, as well as his own health.
Carter discusses family and work news.
Carter provides family news and discusses his land in Florida.
Carter expresses his fear that yellow fever will be a problem in the Yucatan during the upcoming season.
Carter discusses quarantine procedures.
Carter provides post news and informs her that he hopes to be home for Christmas.
Laura Carter describes a boat trip with her father and brother, as well as a hurricane and the damage it caused.
Carter describes a hurricane and notes the resulting damage it caused. His quarantine work is slackening and he thinks there will be no additional cases of yellow fever. He writes that he would rather be farming, but that he realizes he must stay with his current vocation.
Carter discusses his family and his orange grove in Florida.
Carter discusses quarantine and maritime sanitation in Cuba. Carter has already had yellow fever, so he does not fear infection.
Carter discusses his public health work in Cuba. He comments on the American presence in Cuba.
Carter discusses sea travel and finances.
Carter writes that he has been delayed en route to Cuba. He gives directions for farm work.
Carter offers his observations of Havana.
Carter describes his life in Cuba. He discusses the Cuban-American political situation.
Carter writes that he has just finished an article on Havana yellow fever statistics. He gives his son academic advice.
Carter writes about his life and being homesick.
Carter writes that he has been summoned to Washington because his work in Havana may be finished.
Carter discusses financial matters.
Carter proposes that they take a holiday because he is not feeling well.
Carter discusses the accounts of Carroll, Gorgas, and Agramonte regarding Lazear's death.
Carter discusses financial matters, as well as issues regarding the local authorities.
Carter describes his daily life and his work.
Carter discusses Henry Carter's academic progress and his plans to come home.
Smith congratulates Carter for his promotion.
The Junta Administradora del Hospital Santo Tomas (Administrative Board) recognizes the work done by Carter in the fight against yellow fever.
Richards sends Carter his paycheck.
The letter concerns Henry Rose Carter's illness.
Carter, Jr., reports that he has been reassigned to Ancon hospital.
Carter describes his travels in Belgium and his impressions of the Exposition.
Carter describes his travels in Germany and Russia.
The collection finding aid does not list all of the items that are housed in this file.
This is a detailed account of Carter's public health work and associated study of yellow fever.
[Carter] reports on his observations of mosquito breeding conditions. He recommends mosquito control measures for a pond and inquires about when he will need to appear in court.
Rose describes yellow fever trouble spots and eradication methods.
Freeman celebrates Carter, Reed, and Gorgas as Virginians.
Porter thanks Carter for his educational malaria pamphlet for children.
Carter discusses her presentation on malaria.
Blue assigns Carter to represent the Health Service at the Drainage Congress.
Carter reports that he is half-way finished with his public health work in South Carolina.
Carter reports that the field work has been difficult.
Carter describes his public health work in Panama.
Blue assigns Carter to investigate malaria in North Carolina.
Carter reports on his work; he hopes to finish soon.
Hopes to finish the clean up work early; received galley proof of his lectures.
Carter writes to his wife regarding travel details and the weather.
[Carter] reports on the prevalence of mosquitoes along the Yadkin River.
Carter discusses his role in the prevention of yellow fever and malaria in South Carolina.
The writer suggests field work instead of lab work.
LePrince discusses malaria distribution in southern states, and field work to eradicate mosquito larvae.
Blue assigns LePrince and Carter to investigate malarial conditions in South Carolina.
The Designing Engineer reports that he has been unable to obtain samples of fish from local ponds.
Blue requests Carter's opinion in regard to ordinances against mosquito propagation.
Blue requests feedback on newspaper article describing the use of bats as an anti-mosquito tool.
Blue informs Carter that the Hydro-Electric Company will reimburse his travel expenses.
Blue orders Carter to proceed to South Carolina to confer with State Health officials.
Kerr questions the need for multiple investigators examining one subject.
Blue orders Carter to delay his investigation until the waters recede.
Stimson discusses his recent investigations of syphilitics.
Blue orders Carter to lecture on yellow fever and malaria.
Blue grants Carter leave.
The writer discusses fish stocks in local reservoirs.
Blue requests that Carter conduct malaria studies in Anne Arundel County, Maryland.
Blue directs Carter to inspect the waters around the Georgia-Carolina Power Plant.
Blue requests that Carter review a proposed law on mosquito control.
LePrince discusses his survey of Hartsville, South Carolina, and gives his recommendations to inhibit mosquito breeding.
Carter discusses legislation designed to inhibit mosquito breeding.
List of fish best suited for stocking ponds of Hydro-Electric Plants.
Kerr describes rural sanitation investigations and malaria surveys. He requests Carter's assistance.
Seidelin claims that he has successfully infected a guinea pig with yellow fever. He hopes to receive U.S. Public Health Service support.
[Carter] requests permission to make a sanitary survey of an area around the Coosa River.
Brown grants Carter permission to conduct a sanitary survey around the Coosa River.
Glennan discusses studies of impounded waters.
Carter receives orders for his next assignment.
LePrince is ordered to meet with Carter regarding studies of impounded waters.
[Carter] discusses travel preparations.
[Carter] offers to meet with von Ezdorf.
Seidelin thanks Carter for a reprint on impounded waters and malaria. He expresses disappointment about the lack of support by others for his work.
Carter discusses his trip and the lack of field work at the moment.
Pou requests an inspection of a site for a lawsuit.
The Carolina Power and Light Company prefers that Carter conduct the investigation.
Pou agrees that an additional investigation is necessary.
Carter describes life in the camp, field work, and financial matters.
Carter describes life in the camp and the field. He does not know when he will be home again.
Kerr reports on cooperation with the International Health Commission and discusses steps to be taken in eradication of malaria.
Kerr discusses a planned meeting in Washington between Rose, von Ezdorf and Carter.
This conference concerned malaria and ways to combat its spread.
Rose discusses methods of malaria control in the rural South.
Blue orders Carter to Virginia to advise local authorities on anti-malaria measures.
Stimpson discusses Carter's expenses.
The Wrights are returning Carter's report on impounded waters.
Blue orders Carter to investigate a fever outbreak in San Juan, Puerto Rico.
Stimpson discusses reimbursement for expenses.
Carter recommends a campaign to eliminate mosquitoes.
Grote requests suggestions for a malaria eradication campaign. He notes that his county does not have the resources to purchase quinine.
Wilder expresses her appreciation for Carter's work.
Blue orders Carter to report to a conference.
Blue orders Carter to return to Baltimore following the conference.
Newton approves the employment of assistants for malaria field work.
Carter provides instructions for malaria prevention. He notes that the Rockefeller Foundation has shown interest in sponsoring a anti-malaria campaign.
Blue orders Carter to attend the Pan-American Scientific Congress.
Wilder expresses her appreciation for Carter's work.
[Carter] proposes that the International Health Commission carry out an experiment involving the control of malarial mosquitoes. He includes a detailed procedure for such an experiment.
[Carter] reports on mosquito eradication efforts, and includes an itemized list of expenses.
[Carter] reports on bodies of water in the South.
This report details reproduction of mosquitoes along the Coosa River.
[Carter] lectures on immunity to yellow fever.
LePrince discusses the recovery of marked mosquitoes.
Laura Carter describes her visit to see Henry Carter in South America.
Stimpson requests that Carter detail his expenses for reimbursement.
Blue informs Carter that the dates for the lectures on yellow fever and malaria are satisfactory.
Blue orders Carter to proceed to Washington to deliver lectures on yellow fever and malaria.
Blue informs Carter that he has been awarded a permanent commission as Assistant Surgeon-General in the Public Health Service.
Stimpson sends Carter a copy of a letter to St. Vincent's hospital regarding payment for Carter's treatment there.
Stimpson arranges for Carter to be reimbursed for payment made to St. Vincent's Hospital.
Blue requests that Carter present a paper for the American Society of Tropical Medicine meeting.
Moore informs Carter that it is feasible to ship mosquito-eating fish to Alabama. The Bureau of Fisheries will cooperate with the Public Health Service.
Carter requests a leave of absence.
Blue orders Carter to proceed to Whitney, North Carolina, to investigate the building of a dam for the reservoir.
Glennan grants Carter a leave of absence.
Harper grants Carter a leave of absence.
Carter reports on his health and his travel plans.
Bell expresses his appreciation for Carter's report on a local swamp and mentions a potential mosquito survey for the following summer.
Carter discusses anti-mosquito work and mentions the Rockefeller Foundation.
Horner discusses a hatchery at Edenton, North Carolina, for the breeding of mosquito-eating fish.
Blue orders Carter to attend a conference on immigrant health inspections.
Munson writes that the Association of Military Surgeons wishes to include Carter as an editorial collaborator for the Military Surgeon .
Stimpson reimburses Carter for his expenses.
[Carter] describes his field work.
Blue instructs Carter to assist power company officials.
LePrince details his preparations for summer field work.
[Carter] discusses a possible bill by Congress thanking Gorgas, Stevens and Goethals for their work.
Blue directs Carter to proceed to the South in order to investigate the relationship between impounded waters and malaria.
Blue orders Carter to participate in the meetings of the National Malarial Committee and the American Society of Tropical Medicine, as well as to continue his investigation of impounded waters.
Blue orders Carter to deliver an address on malaria in Newport News, Virginia.
Blue requests that Carter report to the Public Health Service Bureau for a conference.
Blue orders Carter to confer with Dinwiddie County, Virginia, health officials in regards to anti-malarial measures.
[Carter] outlines the roles of Griffitts, LePrince, and von Ezdorf in work involving impounded waters.
Carter discusses mosquito breeding.
[Carter] discusses plans for a mosquito survey.
Elizalde regretfully informs Carter that he was unable to locate any “naranjillas” in the market.
Carter writes about his journey from Guayaquil, Peru and his future travel plans.
Carter writes that he has arrived at his destination safely and discusses yellow fever quarantine procedures.
[Carter] describes his journey and his report for the Rockefeller Foundation.
Carter describes his trip from Peru to Colombia via the Panama Canal.
Carter reports that their daughter, Laura A. Carter, has arrived.
The writer discusses social conditions in South America.
Carter provides his travel and work plans.
Stimpson discusses Carter's request for a leave of absence.
Bell gives Carter a status of report on the work in South Carolina.
Carter writes about the plans to combat yellow fever in Brazil.
Bell sends Carter a subpoena to appear as a witness for the Colleton Cypress Co.
Carter writes to Bell that he will testify if he can get a leave of absence.
LePrince details the past summers' field work in the southern U.S.
Carter details ways to prevent the proliferation of mosquitoes.
Carter proposes census questions that would assist anti-malarial work.
Carter and LePrince discuss a mosquito control project and the incidence of malaria to be expected.
The collection finding aid does not list all of the items that are housed in this file.
Carter and LePrince discuss their survey of a planned mosquito-control pond in North Carolina and the local incidence of malaria.
Carter reports on yellow fever in Venezuela and Colombia.
Watson discusses the possibility and ramifications of yellow fever spreading into Asia and the Indian sub-continent.
Carter discusses needed mosquito-control work in Guayaquil and the endemic focus of yellow fever. He believes that the local population will cooperate, and so work should proceed. The city should be provided with a proper water supply to ensure continued success of the work.
Carter reports on yellow fever in Colombia.
Hepler provides family news.
Carter discusses his travel plans related to work in Virginia and his health.
Blue sends Carter to Colleton County, South Carolina, in order to investigate malaria conditions.
Blue orders Carter to attend a conference in Columbia, South Carolina.
Carter reports that malarial conditions in South Carolina have worsened.
Blue instructs Carter to write a memorandum describing a proposed investigation, in South Carolina.
Glennan grants Carter permission to appear as a witness in South Carolina.
Carter writes to Blue regarding his appearance as a witness in a South Carolina lawsuit.
Kirk, on behalf of the Rockefeller Foundation, reimburses Carter for his expenses in 1916.
Blue orders Carter to undergo a physical examination.
Guiteras sends Carter a copy of his extensive report to Gorgas concerning a Barbados epidemic.
[Guiteras] reports to Gorgas on a Barbados epidemic, which he suspects may be yellow fever.
Gorgas discusses yellow fever theories and the possibility of war with Germany.
Dowling informs Carter that there has been no increase of malaria associated with timber operations in swampland.
Carter requests that his paper, "Spontaneous Disappearance of Yellow Fever ", be read before the Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.
Gorgas requests that Carter join a yellow fever board to work in South America for a year or more.
The writer is interested in continuing yellow fever work, but cannot be of assistance at the moment.
Carter discusses a possibly mis-diagnosed case of yellow fever.
Carter is ordered to attend the Society of Tropical Medicine conference and the National Malaria Committee meeting.
Rose writes that he does not wish to publish the yellow fever report yet, but Carter may release information that may be helpful in adjusting quarantine regulations.
Blue orders Carter to assist U.S. Navy officials with mosquito control at Quantico, Virginia.
Carter discusses Henry Carter, Jr., and the contribution his work has made to the war effort.
Blue orders Carter to attend the U.S. Public Health Bureau conference.
Blue directs Carter to Camp Meade, Maryland, in order to conduct a malaria survey.
Gorgas requests that Carter go to South America in order to continue his yellow fever work for the Rockefeller Foundation. He mentions the work of Guiteras and Wrightson.
Carter writes about his health and financial matters. He would like to continue working for the Rockefeller Foundation in South America next winter.
Blue asks Carter's opinion on sanitary engineering problems at Quantico, Virginia.
Kerr writes that LePrince will not be able to assist with mosquito control at Quantico, Virginia, because he is working elsewhere.
Blue writes that anti-malarial work in Newport News, Virginia, is to be continued under Griffitts. Carter is to inspect work at Quantico with LePrince.
Whitmore requests Carter's opinion for a paper he is writing. Whitmore discusses Weil's Disease and its relation to yellow fever.
Carter expresses regret that he will not be able to hear Whitmore present his paper. He discusses the difficulty of yellow fever diagnosis and recommends a pathologist for yellow fever work.
Carter writes about daily life and a possible trip, at Gorgas' request, to Ecuador.
Blue sends Carter to Georgia and Arkansas for anti-malaria work.
Blue sends Carter to South Carolina, Georgia, and Arkansas for anti-malaria work.
[Carter] believes it would be a mistake to place the U.S. Public Health Service under War Department control permanently, but agrees that temporary control would help the war effort.
Carter writes that he cannot help now because the war has stopped his mosquito research.
Gorgas writes that he favors combining the U.S. Public Health Service and the War Department. Gorgas does not know if he will be retained after his retirement, although he looks forward to resuming yellow fever work after war.
Wescott thanks Carter for the care he administered to his son.
Blue writes that he opposes War Department control of the U.S. Public Health Service.
Blue permits Carter to travel to other states for malaria research.
Barret informs Carter that Aedes Canadensis mosquitoes do feed on humans.
Perry sends Carter to Camp Merritt, New Jersey, for anti-malaria work
Rose informs Carter that the Rockefeller Foundation will continue to employ him for yellow fever work.
Schereschewsky authorizes expenditures for Carter's secretarial work.
Carter describes his work and what needs to be accomplished.
Blue sends Carter to Galveston, Texas, in order to investigate dengue fever and to Tampico, Mexico, in order to inspect sanitary conditions.
Carter reports on dengue fever in Galveston, Texas.
Carter discusses the outbreak of dengue fever in Galveston, Texas.
Rose requests case record charts from the yellow fever report by Guiteras.
Carter discusses his travel schedule and the dangers of influenza.
Carter discusses his work, and influenza.
[Carter] writes that he does not have case records from Guiteras' report and that the report did not encompass yellow fever.
Carter praises the Virginia mosquito control work of Bailey.
Carter discusses his travel plans and the end of World War I.
Carter reports on his investigation of a foreign sailor's illness and death, in Sabine, Texas.
Carter requests permission to go to Guatemala with Gorgas for yellow fever work.
Carter writes that it would make little sense for him to go to Guatemala for yellow fever work now.
Blue sends Carter to New Orleans, Louisiana, and Memphis, Tennessee, to plan for a malaria investigation.
[Carter] requests information from Guiteras regarding yellow fever blood samples.
[Carter] requests information on blood samples of yellow fever from Darling's work in Panama.
Carter requests information regarding the 1911 yellow fever quarantine, in Hawaii.
[Carter?] discusses the history of malaria in England.
Carter writes about daily life in Florida and his health.
Carter writes a recommendation for Hollings.
The collection finding aid does not list all of the items that are housed in this file.
Carter is sending Byam a paper on yellow fever for publication. Carter intends to consult with Noguchi to see if he may quote the results of latest research.
Darling writes that he has not found abnormalities in blood of yellow fever cases. He had hoped to join the yellow fever work, but has been advised to stay with Department of Hygiene, in Sao Paulo, Brazil.
Geiger writes that he was awarded a Doctor of Public Health degree from Tulane University.
Byam writes that Carter may make additions to his article. Byam hopes that Carter will include Noguchi's discoveries.
Rose reports that Flexner wants the title of the best study on yellow fever epidemiology.
Allmand informs Carter about yellow fever publications.
[Carter] inquires about yellow fever publications.
Carter recommends various works on yellow fever epidemiology.
Gorgas writes that he is preparing to travel to Guayaquil. He is uncertain of his plans for the next year.
Carter informs Geiger of his upcoming research on the relation between rice cultivation and malaria.
Bass invites Carter to take part in a symposium on yellow fever.
Bass thanks Carter for contributing a paper on yellow fever for the American Society of Tropical Medicine meeting.
Byam writes that he has received Carter's manuscript.
Fisher sends Carter a copy of Carter's 1907 report on pneumonia in the Panama Canal Zone.
Carter's report on pneumonia in the Canal Zone concludes that pneumonia is prevalent among recent arrivals who have contracted infectious catarrh. He recommends that prevention efforts concentrate on better medical treatment of catarrh and ensuring that new men have blankets.
Blue sends Carter to New Orleans to supervise a malaria investigation.
Weedon asks Carter if U.S. gulf ports should begin a campaign to eliminate mosquitoes.
Blue sends Carter to New Orleans and other southern states to investigate malaria.
Weedon writes that [he] will work to persuade Tampa officials to outlaw rain water cisterns for mosquito control.
This report records blood examinations in Mississippi.
Carter writes about his current work and comments on scarlet fever and hysteria.
Carter writes that he has been ill, and will answer Weedon's letters as soon as he is able.
Carter writes to Bolduan about his health. Carter offers his opinions on the genesis of yellow fever in the Americas.
Carter reflects, at length, on his career in public medicine and his accomplishments.
Carter writes that he may be well enough to travel in order to meet with Fricks and LePrince.
Blue directs Carter to Washington, D.C. for a conference on malaria work.
Carter writes that a mosquito eradication campaign should be started in the ports along the Gulf of Mexico.
Carter sends Perry suggestions for the Surgeon General on the administrative policy of the US Public Health Service, in regard to junior officers.
Carter suggests changes in the administrative policy of the US Public Health Service. He discusses regulations, examining boards, education of newly accepted candidates, examinations, specialization, rank, and compulsory waiting orders.
Carter discusses increasing the grade and pay of junior health service officers.
Carter writes that Mayne should supervise the packing of his laboratory equipment for transport.
Carter sends Lavinder recommendations for revising regulations.
Carter requests an extension of his sick leave. He reports that he is able do paper work but not field work.
Blue sends Carter to Atlantic City, New Jersey to present a paper at a yellow fever symposium.
Byam writes that the additional material on Finlay will be included in Carter's article. He discusses Finlay's role in the yellow fever work.
Noguchi writes that he is sending Carter articles on yellow fever in Guayaquil.
Carter writes that he will change his map to reflect the distribution of yellow fever.
Carter writes to the editor concerning a recent article on yellow fever in South America.
Carter writes that he would appreciate the Boy Scouts' help for malaria control.
Simon informs Carter that he will publish his yellow fever paper from the Atlantic City, New Jersey symposium.
Carter requests a pamphlet on the parallels between Texas cattle fever and yellow fever.
Carter informs Blue that he is on sick leave, but is able to do paper work.
Byam writes about making changes to the map based upon Carter's recommendations.
Shaw requests Carter's advice in establishing a city public health clinic in Akron, Ohio.
Carter writes about the desirability of centralized medical relief and staffing for a possible city public health clinic.
Carter requests a copy of an illustration to use in an article on yellow fever.
Mayne discusses hyper-parasitism and mosquito experimentation.
Gorgas discusses an outbreak of yellow fever and solicits Carter's advice.
Blue writes that he has no objection to Carter appearing as a witness in an impounded water lawsuit.
Blue directs Carter to proceed to New Orleans, Louisiana to present a paper at the American Public Health Association meeting.
Carter writes that he will be able to join Gorgas in January 1920.
Carter writes about the relationship between impounded water and malaria.
Carter writes that he will be unable to attend the National Malaria Committee meeting.
[Blue] orders Carter to proceed to Florida for mosquito control work.
Carter informs Cattell that he published two papers on the incubation of yellow fever, which were the basis of Reed's experiments with the Yellow Fever Commission.
This report details the Army's mosquito control operations around Camp Meade, Maryland.
Carter discusses the strengths and weaknesses of Guiteras and White.
Blue orders Carter to go to Florida to assist in the control of malaria.
Gorgas invites Carter to come with him to Peru.
Carter discusses the benefits and disadvantages of accompanying Gorgas to an unnamed location.
Carter discusses details of a future trip to an unnamed location.
Carter discusses the control of mosquitoes in southern U.S. ports.
Blue requests that Carter assist in the revision of U.S. quarantine regulations.
Williams discusses the value of money in relation to the work in the Public Health Service.
Carter describes his trip to New York and discusses travel plans to South America. He also writes about financial matters.
Carter requests a copy of address given on yellow fever.
Carter writes that he is considering retiring. Carter believes he is facing a wide-spread yellow fever epidemic in Peru.
Cumming requests that Carter undergo a physical examination.
Rose expresses confidence in Carter's abilities to control the spread of yellow fever, but he is concerned about Carter's health.
Carter inquires if it is possible to make a correction before publication of his book on yellow fever.
Carter requests the correction of a typographical error in his article.
Perry grants Carter a leave of absence.
Cumming grants Carter permission to attend the annual conference of health officers.
White certifies that Carter has immunity to yellow fever.
Carter returns unused government travel vouchers.
Carter writes about Gorgas and his own health. He is currently in Havana, Cuba.
The Acting Secretary informs Carter that he is being placed on waiting orders. He thanks Carter for his years of service.
Carter describes a trip down the Guayaquil River.
[Carter's] secretary requests that certain books be held until Carter returns from Peru.
Carter writes about his travels and his work.
Carter informs Cardenas about the sanitary conditions in the department of Piura, Peru.
Carter informs Cardenas about the sanitary conditions in the department of Piura, Peru.
Carter informs Cardenas that he will be acting Sanitary Advisor of the Peruvian Government until January, 1921, when Gorgas will take over the post.
Carter writes about life in Peru and his field work. He discusses his health and financial matters as well.
[Welles] invites Carter to serve as an expert on tropical diseases for the Paraguayan government.
Connor writes that he has seen Henry Carter and praises his yellow fever work in Peru. He requests two of Carter's reports.
Lyster requests permission to publish an article that Carter has proofread.
Laura A. Carter informs Cumming that Henry Carter is in Peru.
The writer reports the progress of the yellow fever work in South America, Mexico and West Africa and includes data tables.
These are Public Health Service specifications for impounded waters in malarial areas; autograph notes added.
Merrill discusses regulations under Federal Water Power Act.
This bill is meant to regulate the impounding of water.
The Virginia Board of Health will have control over all impounded waters in matters affecting public health.
Ricketson is not to enter any yellow fever district until ten days after last vaccine injection.
Boldridge is sending Carter a copy of “Effective Malaria Control in a Ricefield District”. He praises Carter's publications on public health sanitary engineering.
Carter asks if The Practice of Medicine in the Tropics , with her father's section on yellow fever, has gone to press. Her father has finished yellow fever work in Peru, but Laura Eugenia Cook Carter, his wife, has died.
Obregon establishes a commission under the International Health Board for yellow fever work in Mexico. Officers, administrative structure, and funding are specified.
Perlitt sends Carter a check.
Lyster requests Carter's comments on a circular for the fish campaign and on the Rockefeller Foundation's methods in the Latin American yellow fever campaigns.
Rose writes that he will arrange for Noguchi's yellow fever vaccine and serum to be delivered to Chiclayo, Peru.
Rose requests news about the yellow fever situation in Peru.
Rose writes that he is awaiting Carter's report on yellow fever in Peru. He offers further funds and assistance.
Bates informs Carter that yellow fever vaccine and serum has been sent.
Hanson reports on a yellow fever epidemic in Peru. The local newspaper is publishing articles denouncing his sanitary campaign.
Hanson reports on a yellow fever epidemic in Peru. The local newspaper is publishing articles denouncing his sanitary campaign.
Hanson writes about the vaccine being sent to Peru. He is concerned about funding.
Rose informs Laura Carter that they have heard from her father, who is still in Peru.
Rose writes that yellow fever in Peru is controllable but may spread. Henry Rose Carter will stay if needed, but he is unfit for field work.
This is a Spanish translation of a report on yellow fever, which details the incubation and spread of yellow fever as well as methods to combat it.
Carter sends Rose his yellow fever lecture for possible translation into Spanish.
Carter writes about the funding of yellow fever work in Peru.
Carter thanks Rose for a reimbursement check.
Fricks needs to discuss a malaria control program with Carter and encloses a plan for the examination of school children.
Lebredo informs Carter of his latest research and the International Sanitary Convention of the American Republics meetings.
Rose thanks Carter for his impressions of the yellow fever situation in West Africa. He sends him an outline of a conference concerning the Yellow Fever Commission report as well as Noguchi's Leptospira icteroides work.
LePrince reports on the yellow fever situation in Mexico, where he is conducting mosquito experiments, as well as Griffitts' malaria control work in Alabama.
Rose inquires about a yellow fever doctor sent to Peru to help Hanson.
Mitchel complains about his problems with the Peruvian government. He encloses a copy of a letter from M.L. Vega regarding his situation.
Vega informs Mitchel that he is unable to help Mitchel in regards to the Peruvian government.
Rose thanks Carter for his letter concerning Drs. Walcott and Beverly.
Fairchild informs Carter that Beverly of Medical Corps is at Langley Field, Virginia.
Thorpe believes that Wolcott is currently in England.
Connor discusses administrative issues related to the yellow fever work in Peru, mentioning Rose, Pareja and Hanson. He believes that Carter should not return to Peru, but rather should stay in the U.S.
Lyster reports on the yellow fever situation in Central and South America.
Carter recommends Walcott for yellow fever work, although he is inexperienced in mosquito control.
Cudlipp provides Carter with Walcott's address in British Guyana.
Carter believes that yellow fever is still present in Africa. Carter would be willing to go to Africa as an adviser if he is physically able.
Receipt for Carter's Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene subscription.
Rose thanks Carter for his assessment of the situation in West Africa.
Hanson reports on yellow fever work in Peru and comments on his employees, interpersonal issues, funding, and problems with steamship companies.
Connor comments on Hanson's and Pareja's work in Peru. He also discusses issues related to yellow fever work in Mexico.
Carter's subscription to the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene should be in his name, not his son's.
Messer sends Carter a report of the malaria control committee, which Gage will present at the Boston meeting.
Fisher reports on an increase in malaria attributed to dam impoundment in South Carolina.
Fisher reports on the malaria situation in South Carolina. He discusses his malaria control work funded by the Rockefeller Foundation.
Noguchi and Cohn manuscript on the behavior of the heart in monkeys and guinea pigs infected with yellow fever.
This letter concerns qualifications of yellow fever workers.
White saw Carter's and Hanson's letters before leaving for Nicaragua.
Messer thanks Carter for his comments on Virginia malaria control work.
Read sends Carter a letter from Pareja.
Hanson criticizes Peruvian officials for undermining yellow fever work.
The writer discusses the yellow fever situation and the economic ramifications of quarantines. Enclosed is a copy of a telegram to Hanson.
This letter, originally sent by the prefect commander, details the difficulties and economic ramifications of quarantine operations.
The writer thinks that Hanson is winning the fight against yellow fever in Peru.
Rose describes plans for yellow fever work in West Africa. He also reports on the situation in Mexico and Central America.
Read sends Carter the report of Hanson's work in Peru, which details water container inspections, quarantine, reported deaths and the training of more men.
[Carter] warns that mosquito control will be harder in Peru because the local officials are unfamiliar with quarantine procedures.
Hanson reports on mosquito work in Peru, where he thinks they have been successful.
Hanson believes the Peruvian epidemic may be over.
Carter, preparing a paper, asks Hanson about his experience in Peru. He believes that Hanson and his team have saved Peru. Carter wishes he could have returned to Peru.
Hanson is working on a report covering the Peruvian campaign.
White reports that there is no yellow fever in Peru, but that it is vital to continue mosquito controls for a year.
Griffitts thanks Carter for lending him memos. He reports on the results of impounded water work in North Carolina and Virginia.
Hanson credits the success against yellow fever in Peru to Carter's advice. Yellow fever has been reported in British Honduras and Belize
Read sends Carter excerpts of Hanson's and White's letters.
Noguchi's paper on prophylaxis and serum therapy of yellow fever. Discusses isolation of Leptospira icteroides, as well as experiments, efficacy of serum therapy of yellow fever and vaccination against yellow fever.
Boldridge sends Carter a report on the mosquito work in South Carolina.
Hanson sends Carter a copy of a letter reporting on the yellow fever work in South America.
Hanson reports on the yellow fever work in South America. He discusses the irregularity of mail, the effective use of fish for mosquito control, the yellow fever risk of Lima's poorer areas, and public health personnel. Hanson thanks the International Health Board for all of its support to the campaign.
Hanson sends Carter a copy of Hanson's letter to Rose reporting on yellow fever work in Peru, and asks if Carter agrees that the situation seems nearly under control.
In a report on the yellow fever work in Peru, Hanson discusses financial matters, correspondence received, the help extended by White and Carter, and manpower needs. Hanson declares the campaign is going well.
This document lists abstracts of articles dealing with the destruction of certain aquatic plants.
Read reports on new yellow fever cases in Central America, conditions in various areas in Mexico, and intensive control measures to reduce incidence of infection.
Carter recommends continuation of work. He requests to stay since he is the most qualified. He fears a yellow fever outbreak in Lima.
Hanson includes the names of medical personnel and the places he has inspected. He mentions the lack of cooperation from locals. He is considering a return to the U.S.
Hanson gives an account of his trip to Panama. He mentions a modification of quarantine process. He describes sanitary inspections to various regions of Peru [lists names of personnel]. He expresses concern about the government's funding of workers. The yellow fever campaign is going well, but vigilance is required.
Hanson discusses ways of converting funds into dollars. He reports on field work done by various experts. He mentions funding issues concerning the Peruvian government.
Read describes details of a field trip. She mentions the attitude of the laborers, noting that the military is needed to get work done. She discusses the prophylactic campaign initiative.
Read refers to Henry Rose Carter's illness. Rose is on vacation in Maine.
Hanson thanks Read for mail and the ruling regarding pay for campaign employees. He describes the difficulties doing field work during a workers' strike. He discusses reassignment of investigators to Panama.
Hanson discusses a yellow fever outbreak in Trujillo. He mentions the difficulty of doing prophylactic work in Lima. He offers his opinions regarding a member of the Panama Canal Health Department and the Peruvian government.
The publishing house of Henry Frowde and Hodder & Stoughton sends Carter a prospectus for a new set of books, entitled The Practice of Medicine in the Tropics.
Andrew Balfour, the treasurer of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, is informing Carter that his subscription to the society is due.
The publishing house of Henry Frowde and Hodder & Stoughton sends Carter a prospectus for a new set of books, entitled "The Practice of Medicine in the Tropics."
The publishing house of Henry Frowde and Hodder & Stoughton sends Carter a prospectus for a new set of books, entitled "The Practice of Medicine in the Tropics."
Caldwell thanks Carter for his informative and invaluable lecture. He reports on field work, problems with local customs, and migrant workers' susceptibility to yellow fever.
Fricks thanks Ferrell for the invitation to attend meeting in malaria control. He requests that the International Health Board fund expenses for H.R. Carter as he feels H.R. Carter's presence is essential.
Hanson sends Carter a Spanish translation of a lecture. Some inspectors are returning to the Canal Zone. He hopes to bring his family to Peru. There has been an outbreak of bubonic plague. He offers his opinions on the Peruvian government.
Hanson offers his opinions on the Peruvian government in regards to funding.
Woodfall asks Carter to review the bill before Georgia Legislature regarding impounded waters.
Pierce writes that the Public Health Service seeks a high degree of excellence for all courses of instruction. Lecturers should be recognized leaders in their fields. Pierce asks Carter to prepare a statement on malaria and yellow fever.
Carter does not accept financial support for travel to Hot Springs malaria meeting.
The writer informs Fricks that Carter is not willing to accept financial aid to attend a meeting.
Fricks apologizes for his efforts to convince Carter to attend the Hot Spring malaria meeting.
Carter gives Woodfall advice on proposed legislation to control spread of malaria.
Carter agrees to send Surgeon General Cumming a synopsis of a lecture on either malaria or yellow fever.
Rose thanks Carter for suggesting the name of colleague and expresses pleasure at having seen him recently.
Parker reports on a malaria survey in Texas. He describes campaign details. All towns show good results.
[Carter] requests a reply from Surgeon General [Cumming's] office so he can prepare the lecture as requested.
Pierce requests that Carter prepare two statements for the lecture series.
The publishing company requests that Carter abstract Cohn and Noguchi's article on monkey hearts and yellow fever.
Carter sends Surgeon General [Cumming] data for lectures as requested.
Woodfall informs Carter that all papers dealing with malaria have been sent to LePrince.
Hanson hopes that there will be no more yellow fever cases after the year 1921. He describes his field work in detail: the use of fish to combat mosquito breeding was very successful but the limited use of containers was difficult to enforce. He praises several inspectors for their good work.
Noguchi appreciates Carter's in-depth analysis of his article. He discusses individual sections of article and looks forward to additional comments or suggestions.
[Carter] requests changes and additions to the manuscript that he sent to Thomas Nelson and Sons publishing house.
[Carter] comments on the efficacy of the yellow fever vaccine.
Carter makes a donation to Newfoundland fishermen. He refers to difficulties in transportation and distribution to help Russian children.
[Carter] refers to the coordination of malaria control with projects for agricultural drainage.
Hanson reports on the investigation of a possible yellow fever case. He describes his field work and discusses personnel matters. He hopes to bring the campaign to an end by the spring of 1922.
Hanson refers to the Academy of Medicine meeting to study epidemics of yellow fever. He rebuts the contention of a Peruvian physician to the absence of yellow fever in the area, noting that the goal of the campaign is to insure against recurrence.
Rose thanks Carter for his unselfish devotion and loyalty to the cause.
Cavassa discusses the ongoing yellow fever campaign.
Receipt for book order.
Hanson refutes Dr. Arces' theory that yellow fever does not exist in Peru. He expresses confidence in the work being done.
Fricks seeks Carter's advice on how to publish comprehensive malaria bulletin.
Carter discusses the history of yellow fever in South America.
Rose expresses great interest in publishing a story on yellow fever.
[Carter] does not see the need to write another systematic treatise on malaria control. He suggests two different alternatives.
Pierce thanks Carter for his paper on yellow fever.
Carter requests that Rose proofread his Spanish translation of an article sent to him by Hanson.
Noguchi informs Carter of the death, by yellow fever, of Cross - one of Noguchi's laboratory assistants. Cross had been sent to Mexico without being properly immunized. Noguchi openly questions the actions of the doctors who attended to Cross in Mexico.
This is a detailed report on clinical findings regarding yellow fever.
The report outlines special measures to screen passengers, including quarantine procedures and possible hospitalization.
Detailed report on the history of yellow fever by H.R. Carter which includes areas such as geographical distribution, etiology, conveyance, pathology, clinical history, diagnosis, prognosis, treatment, and prophylaxis.
Carter reports on the yellow fever epidemic in the department of Lambayeque, including nature of epidemic and campaign.
Hanson requests a copy of Carter's article on the incubation period of yellow fever, from 1900.
Carter discusses the transmission, spread and containment of yellow fever.
[Carter] deals extensively with the prophylaxis of yellow fever.
[Carter] details various methods of controlling malaria. He discusses segregation, screening, mosquito bars, and the use of quinine. [Carter] favors mosquito control because it does not require modification of human behavior.
LePrince describes mosquito breeding in impounded waters, suggesting necessary regulations to be implemented by State Boards of Health.
This report discusses control of debris and vegetation, fish stocking, and ditching. Pertinent state health laws are listed.
The collection finding aid does not list all of the items that are housed in this file.
[Carter?] writes to Hanson that he recalls balancing accounts in Piura, Peru on this day last year.
Noguchi sends Carter eight ampoules of yellow fever vaccine and directions for its use.
Carter sends Hidinger an abstract and critique of the National Drainage Congress proceedings.
Noguchi discusses the death of Cross in Mexico, emphasizing the limited protection of vaccination.
[Carter] asks that the Public Health Service supervise mosquito study and control of ponds at Badin and other places in North Carolina.
[Carter] comments on Robertson's proposed bubonic plague study and on plague infected fleas.
[Carter] comments extensively on a public health film on malaria.
The firm of Henry Frowde, Hodder & Stoughton informs Carter about its pricing policies for reprints of medical journals.
Carter writes to LePrince concerning three papers on water impoundment he gave to the U.S. Army Surgeon General.
Carter writes to Boldridge concerning Geiger's pamphlet on Anopheles mosquito flight experiment.
[Carter] asks Connor for a translation of a text on the pre-Columbian Yucatan. He believes yellow fever may have existed among the Maya.
Fricks believes that Carter's malaria abstracts are very important to field workers, but should be issued by the Division of Scientific Research.
Mayne thanks Carter for his contributions to engineering abstracts and inquires about his sources.
Hanson details his yellow fever work in Peru, commenting on his workers, areas of the country where mosquito work is being done, the suspension of Dunn's stegomyia work, and fever cases.
Carter describes the literature he is covering for his abstracts.
Griffitts believes that Carter's abstracts are of great value. He may move to Mobile, Alabama for a malaria project.
Hanson details the progress against yellow fever in Peru, but notes that the situation in Mexico and Central America is more serious than once thought.
Komp finds great value Carter's abstracts of malaria literature.
LePrince writes that Carter's malaria abstracts and comments are valuable. He discusses Caldwell's yellow fever work in Mexico and upcoming malaria control work in southern Illinois, as well as other malaria work in the South.
Williams believes that the malaria abstracts require Carter's comments to be useful. He has been filming locations that need draining as part of the anti-malaria campaign.
Carter requests a reference to an article, by Kudo, on a microorganism that kills mosquito larvae.
Carter asks Howard for references on the effect of cold on Aedes calopus mosquitoes.
Carter critiques Mayne's manuscript on the Anopheles mosquito.
Carter discusses Kudo's article, as well as others. Carter would like to work with Barber for a short period, although he believes a winter attack on Anopheles is fruitless.
Barber discusses his efforts against mosquitos in Alabama.
Connor discusses research on pre-Columbian yellow fever.
[Carter] asks Stiles if the cattle fever tick is becoming acclimated to colder climates.
[Carter] inquires about LePrince's mosquito work in Illinois.
Cascorrcelos writes to Connor concerning possible pre-Columbian manifestations of yellow fever.
Roche informs Carter that she will hold Carter's letter until Russell returns from Brazil.
[Carter] asks Creel for details of past Mississippi Valley outbreaks that were not yellow fever for a study he is conducting.
Frost asks Carter to give lectures on malaria and yellow fever at Johns Hopkins School of Public Health.
Hanson believes that the yellow fever epidemic along the Peruvian coast has been contained.
The International Health Board encourages Carter to write a history of yellow fever.
Carter writes that he would be glad to give lectures on malaria and yellow fever.
Frost discusses Carter's upcoming lectures on malaria and yellow fever, at Johns Hopkins.
Connor discusses the term “cocolitzle” in reference to possible pre-Columbian yellow fever epidemic.
The writer recommends Connor for yellow fever work in Africa.
Hanson reports on mosquito larvae studies in Peru. He also discusses, at length, administrative and political issues related to his work.
The collection finding aid does not list all of the items that are housed in this file.
[Carter] informs Hanson that he has been lecturing on malaria and yellow fever at Johns Hopkins. Currently he is working on a brief history of yellow fever.
Truby believes that Lazear probably did tell Carroll he was bitten by a mosquito at Las Animas, but that Reed and others felt Lazear had purposely allowed himself to be bitten. He comments on Agramonte's role in the yellow fever work.
Parker sends Carter a paper on malaria work in Texas.
Frost comments on Carter's report on influenza and pneumonia in Panama and urges him to publish it. He feels Carter's lectures were the best they have had at Johns Hopkins.
Frost comments on influenza epidemics in Panama.
Griffitts asks for Carter's help on a paper he must give on malaria control.
[Carter] comments on Snow's living organism theory of disease.
[Carter] comments on malaria control and sends Griffitts a recent lecture he gave on the subject. [Carter] requests information on breeding areas of the three Anopheles species mosquitos.
Carter asks when water was first piped to Front and Water Streets, in Philadelphia.
Carter asks Hollingsworth if New Orleans Stegomyia (mosquitos) breed only in puddles with mud sides.
Carter asks Bruns about mosquito breeding in puddles with mud sides.
Read sends Carter extracts from two letters by Hanson. In the first letter Hanson discusses a possible yellow fever outbreak in southern Peru. His second letter deals with rumors of a yellow fever outbreak in the mountains.
[Carter] thanks Ashburn for sending him his manuscript. He discusses issues concerning mosquitos, specifically the Anopheles.
Ashburn reports on methods of curbing malaria through the control of mosquito populations.
Carter feels that there is no danger to the coast from any yellow fever east of the Peruvian mountains due to distance, population size, and a paucity of water storage.
Parker informs Carter that he is not permitted to continue malaria work in Cherokee County, Mississippi, but that the county health department will continue the work. He is now beginning the Yazoo County campaign and planning a mobile laboratory.
Caldwell asks Carter about the possibility of human yellow fever “carriers”, as he has had an inexplicable case of yellow fever in his district.
[Carter] requests information on the history of yellow fever in Peru. [Carter] comments on working relations with the Peruvian government.
Derivaux tells Carter of his activities over the past three years. He is now in private practice and teaching at Vanderbilt Medical School.
Bair praises the abstracts provided by the Public Health Service. Included is an autograph note from Carter to Mendelsohn.
[Carter] believes that human “carriers” of yellow fever, without symptoms, do not exist. He feels that Caldwell's case must involve either a human with undiagnosed yellow fever or an erroneous diagnosis of yellow fever.
This opinion discusses a case in which a power company has been sued by a farmer for building a dam. This dam damaged his farm land and created stagnant pools where malarial mosquitoes breed.
Connor recommends continued vigilance for at least six months after the last confirmed case of yellow fever. He discusses the political situation in Mexico, noting that the Tampico office is closing.
Boldridge asks Carter for information on health conditions in Guatemala.
Carter gives Boldridge advice regarding Guatemala, including precautions to take. He offers his opinions about the people of Latin America.
Connor asks for Carter's opinion regarding some notes he has compiled on yellow fever. The campaign in Mexico is going well.
[Carter] informs Russell that work on the yellow fever history has proceeded slowly. He requests payment for clerical services related to the writing of the book.
Scannell reminisces about times he and Carter spent in Panama. He reports on yellow fever field work in Mexico and claims to have created a “no man's land” between Mexico and Guatemala.
Mendelsohn discusses problems surrounding the publication of Carter's article on malaria.
Hanson reports on the conclusion of the yellow fever campaign in Peru. He encourages Carter to file all his expense receipts since the exchange rate has improved.
[Carter] critiques Connor's draft on yellow fever.
Read writes that Carter will receive an advance, to cover writing-related expenses, for the yellow fever book.
Hanson writes that he has announced to the press and government that yellow fever has been eradicated along the coast.
The writer, from the treasury department of the U.S. Public Health Service, expresses a desire to discuss with Carter a plan to put European ports under the general direction of U.S. Quarantine Station, on Staten Island, New York.
Connor discusses field work and a difficult case, in San Cristobal. Connor is worried that yellow fever's demise in Peru will be announced too soon.
Carter recommends strict enforcement of sanitary rules to prevent further outbreaks of yellow fever. He believes that entire coast line of Peru is free of disease.
Carter requests data on the history of yellow fever in Peru.
Hanson discusses the political situation in Peru and his difficulties in dealing with local authorities.
[Carter] discusses Scannell's work against yellow fever in Chiapas, Mexico.
Caldwell agrees with Carter that there are no human carriers of yellow fever. He discusses, in detail, his field work in Mexico.
Carter requests clarification of the veracity of a controversial study published by the Rockefeller Foundation, in 1921, regarding yellow fever and human experimentation.
Hanson updates Carter on his search for material for Carter's yellow fever book. The Peruvian health authorities have suggested he stay after the end of campaign, but he is uncertain what he will do.
Noguchi writes to Carter concerning the confusion over human experimentation in the 1921 Rockefeller Foundation report.
Noguchi, referring to the 1921 Rockefeller Foundation report, attempts to clarify the claim that vaccinated soldiers did not contract yellow fever.
Noguchi writes to White regarding the appearance of human experimentation in the 1921 Rockefeller Foundation report. Noguchi had attributed the experiment to White.
Guiteras provides Carter with his new address in Cuba.
Carter writes about the history of yellow fever in South America and his research on the subject.
Hanson discusses yellow fever cases in Peru.
Williamson requests that Carter review a manuscript on the yellow fever campaign in Ecuador. He suggests it may be useful for Carter's planned publication on the history of yellow fever.
Carter discusses a manuscript on the campaign against yellow fever in Ecuador.
Carter maintains that the sanitation of the Isthmus of Panama was Gorgas' work. He credits Reed for laying the foundation of all subsequent yellow fever work.
Pareja writes to Carter regarding the history of yellow fever in Ecuador. Enclosed is a table showing the annual number of yellow fever cases, from 1880-1919, in Guayaquil, Ecuador.
This chart tracks the number of cases of yellow fever per year, from 1880-1919, in Guayaquil, Ecuador.
Carter gives his opinion as to whether Hanson should pursue a position with the Peruvian Health Department. He doubts that an African campaign will ever take place.
Carter discusses scientific theories concerning the origins of yellow fever in humans.
Scannell discusses his field work and answers Carter's questions concerning the breeding places of mosquitoes in wells.
Hanson requests that Carter critique his preliminary report on the yellow fever campaign in Peru. He asks if his resume describing his work in 1921 and 1922 has been received.
Rose reports that the western coast of South American is free from yellow fever. There are still cases of yellow fever in eastern Brazil.
Hanson offers to send Carter memorabilia of the yellow fever campaign in Peru. He plans to arrive in New York soon.
Derivaux reports on work done in the field of acidosis and diabetes. He has done no more work on malaria since going into private practice.
The writer makes recommendations concerning how the International Health Board should handle inquiries concerning the status of yellow fever in various South American countries.
Carter describes his trip to South Carolina, but refuses to make anymore long journeys. He discusses financial affairs and family issues.
Connor discusses the campaign against yellow fever in Mexico, which he plans to finish soon. He thanks Carter for the critique of his manuscript.
This report is a detailed account of the yellow fever epidemic in French West Africa, including information on control measures, vaccinotherapy, serotherapy, and experimental findings.
This report discusses the probable origin of yellow fever in Africa.
Caldwell asks Carter to review a report on the yellow fever campaign in Mexico. He discusses the current situation in the field.
Carter thanks Pareja for providing him with historical data on yellow fever cases in Guayaquil and asks him to clarify some statements.
Rose apologizes for missing Carter while he was in New York.
Rose sends Carter English and Spanish versions of an article by White on yellow fever. He mentions two cases of yellow fever in Mexico, which White and Connor are investigating.
The writer discusses White's paper on yellow fever, and believes it would be useful to local doctors in Mexico.
Carter reviews, in detail, the "Report of the Yellow Fever Campaign in Second Yellow Fever Zone."
Russell asks that Noguchi examine the tissues he sent, looking especially for Weil's disease.
Russell reports that White discovered a case of yellow fever in Tampico. He believes that this indicates a continued presence of the disease in that region.
Carter suggests several possible field studies on malaria.
This is a draft of Carter's letter to Ferrell (August 25, 1922), which includes Carter's signature.
Russell paraphrases telegrams and letters, enclosing one from White, concerning new yellow fever cases in Mexico and Africa.
White discusses ongoing mosquito eradication work in Mexico and South America.
Caldwell replies to questions raised by Carter concerning yellow fever outbreaks in Mexico and Africa.
White writes that he has been mediating between Connor and Stubbs. He briefly describes the situation in Mexico regarding yellow fever.
Carter discusses the latest yellow fever outbreak in Mexico. He is also concerned about the new cases in Africa.
Russell discusses yellow fever cases in Grand Bassam and West Africa. French government officials ask for medicine to combat the outbreak.
Read informs Carter that Connor wants the yellow fever council, including Carter, to critique his articles on yellow fever.
Hanson discusses financial matters and his feelings towards the International Health Board. He comments on Connor and Cumming.
[Carter] critiques Connor's articles on mosquitoes, fish, and yellow fever. He credits Connor with the use of fish for mosquito control in recent yellow fever campaigns.
Pareja discusses the origins of yellow fever in Guayaquil, Ecuador.
Russell asks Carter for comments on the enclosed letter from Gunn regarding yellow fever and public health conditions in Ivory Coast, Africa.
Gunn reports to Russell on yellow fever and public health conditions in the Ivory Coast, Africa.
Hazlehurst seeks Carter's advice on a draft of Regulations Governing the Impounding of Waters, which he is anxious to have passed by the State Board of Health.
Williams discusses a bulletin that was distributed to educate the public about mosquitoes. He writes about employing a sanitary officer for malaria education.
Fricks quotes a letter he received from Barber that says Chaara foetida is not suitable as food for mosquito larvae.
Ferrell is impressed by Carter's suggestions of field experiments for malaria control. He discusses funding issues.
Russell thanks Carter for answering Antonetti's questions. He has no news of more yellow fever cases in Mexico.
Carter reports on his survey of mosquito breeding in certain portions of Bridgewater Lake and the surrounding area.
Russell encloses a letter from Selskar M. Gunn reporting on yellow fever in French West Africa.
Gunn reports on a vaccine shipment and on new cases of yellow fever in the Ivory Coast.
Cavassa writes to Carter that he finds his account of the yellow fever epidemic in Peru interesting. Unfortunately, he has lost the reference to the article on Stegomyias that Carter had requested.
Carter critiques the tentative requirements for impounding water to prevent the production of malaria which were sent to him by Hazlehurst. He discusses the costs of malaria prevention measures. He comments on the ideas of LePrince and Griffitts.
Fisher requests Carter's suggestions for water projects in North Carolina.
Carter reports on his survey of McDowell Creek to determine the presence of malaria bearing mosquitoes and the effect of the proposed Mountain Island Pond on the production of these mosquitoes. Carter believes a survey needs to be repeated after the creation of the pond.
Hazlehurst thanks Carter for his comments on the proposed Alabama public health regulations.
Hanson writes about resuming his yellow fever work in Mexico. He discusses the ramifications, both personal and financial, that such a decision would entail. He comments on the political situation in Mexico.
Fricks hopes that Carter will be able to attend the Chattanooga meetings.
LePrince thanks Carter for introducing his ideas on mosquitos and drainage into technical schools.
Fisher thanks Carter for his public health recommendations. He describes his anti-malaria work and tells of the prevalence of malaria at North and South Carolina sites.
Fricks sends Rankin and Carter a copy of proposed impounded water health regulations.
This report gives proposed impounded water health regulations cover floating debris, vegetation, and fish stocking.
Rose informs Carter that the International Health Board plans to continue yellow fever work in Mexico and possibly in Brazil.
Carter requests the Thompson article on Mayan antiquities from the Peabody Museum at Harvard University.
Connor writes to Carter about his meeting with archeologist Thompson concerning an ancient Mayan storage device. He describes the yellow fever outbreak in Mexico and the difficult working conditions there.
[Carter] sends Fisher information on impounded waters. He comments on the malaria and mosquito situation in North and South Carolina.
Fisher reports on malaria and mosquito conditions at some North Carolina sites.
Hazlehurst returns Carter's memoranda.
Carter comments on the Health Board's work in Mexico and Grand Bassam.
Rose requests Carter's opinion on an alleged yellow fever case.
Long sends Carter copies of correspondence about a possible yellow fever case at Mobile, Alabama.
Lombard reports to Cumming on a possible yellow fever case involving the death of a Spanish sailor at Mobile, Alabama.
Cumming advises Lombard on a possible yellow fever case at Mobile, Alabama.
Lombard reports on a possible yellow fever case involving the death of a Spanish seaman. He includes clinical and pathological reports and describes treatment of the vessel and crew.
Ship Captain Wood requests the quarantine officer to dispose of the body of a Spanish sailor, a possible yellow fever victim.
Rose sends Carter a copy of Lombard's report on a possible case of yellow fever involving the death of a Spanish seaman and asks for his opinion of the case.
Frost requests that Carter give two epidemiology lectures on yellow fever at Johns Hopkins University.
[Carter] discusses an alleged case of yellow fever. He believes that a quarantine should be instituted for safety's sake.
Rose reports on a yellow fever outbreak in Ceara, Brazil.
Sutton informs Carter that the Camden court cases will not be tried.
Hausheer reports that their yellow fever findings in Surinam proved negative, but yellow fever is present in Sierra Leone.
Rose reports on American yellow fever deaths in Ceara, Brazil. He also mentions incidents of yellow fever in Africa.
Lombard requests Carter's advice on possible yellow fever cases.
Rose sends Carter a letter with more information on the possible yellow fever death of a Spanish seaman. He reports that conditions are satisfactory in British Guiana.
Shipping manager Nettles informs medical officer Murphy about the route taken by a ship where a possible yellow fever death occurred. He describes quarantine and treatment of the ship at Mobile, Ala.
Parker requests Carter's opinion on his formula for the economic loss caused by malaria in Mississippi.
Carter sends Long excerpts from a Stegomyia article he is writing that discusses breeding temperatures.
Rose requests that Carter submit expenses for his work on the history of yellow fever.
Rose sends Carter a copy of Dr. Hackett's report on yellow fever in Ceara, Brazil
[Hackett's] report to the International Health Board traces the history of yellow fever in Ceara, Brazil. The report includes mortality records and clinical records of cases among Americans and Europeans.
Hanson discusses his career options in Peru and Africa. He mentions the possibility of leaving public health.
Kelly thanks Carter for his yellow fever work and requests reprints of his articles.
Parker discusses his formula to compute economic losses due to malaria.
Rose sends Carter a copy of Hausheer's report on an alleged case of yellow fever.
[Carter] comments on alleged yellow fever cases in Ceara, Brazil.
Carter lists expenses related to writing the History of Yellow Fever.
Carter discusses his connection to the work of Reed's Yellow Fever Commission. Carter maintains that Reed informed him that the direction taken by the Yellow Fever Commission, in Cuba, was inspired by his early work with yellow fever.
Read thanks Carter for his comments on yellow fever cases in Ceara, Brazil.
The Foundation reimburses Carter for his work-related expenses.
Connor reports on yellow fever in Mexico. He suspects a Caribbean epidemic spreading from Brazil.
[Laura Carter] sends Cumming a list of Henry Carter's articles at the Army Medical Museum.
[Carter] informs Rose that the reimbursement check sent to him was too large.
Read sends Carter a copy of Dr. Denno's letter on the unusual yellow fever case of seaman John Cose.
Denno describes the unusual yellow fever case of seaman John Cose. Denno would like Noguchi to examine Cose in New York.
Carter discusses recent cases of yellow fever.
Rose thanks Carter for his comments on Cose's case of yellow fever. He reports that Noguchi will examine Cose.
Frost sends Carter information on the lectures Carter will deliver at Johns Hopkins University.
Veracruz describes methods used to control mosquito breeding in Mexico. He also discusses yellow fever outbreaks and disease transportation routes in Mexico.
Caldwell comments on the Mexican Yellow Fever Commission report.
Kirk explains the amount of the reimbursement check sent to Carter.
Carter inquires about the price of a book, "Practice of Medicine in the Tropics", that he purchased recently.
Rose sends Carter a letter from Dr. White speculating on the Cose yellow fever case.
White comments on the unusual yellow fever case of seaman Cose. White reports on the Mexican yellow fever work.
This is a detailed clinical report from Africa, which describes a case of yellow fever in which the patient died. Included is a detailed description of the treatment program and the autopsy record.
This is a detailed clinical report from Africa, which describes a case of yellow fever in which the patient recovered.
[Carter] discusses the prevention of yellow fever, including past experiments involving control of the human host vs. control of mosquitoes.
Griffitts reports on the breeding of Anopheles in salt water, mainly in Virginia.
Hanson writes about the reason for coming to Peru, the conditions found on his arrival, and the difficulties encountered. He discusses the various diseases identified and the causes of the general sanitary problems. Hanson presents remedies for the present conditions and discusses the possibility of the public and the Peruvian government accepting foreign aide.
Caldwell discusses his work in Vera Cruz and neighboring areas.
The authors primarily discuss the treatment of malaria with quinine.
Gouzien reports on yellow fever in West Africa and discusses epidemics and their control since 1900. He stresses the continued need for mosquito control.
Read sends Carter a report, by Houle, on yellow fever work in Mexico.
This is a detailed report on yellow fever work in Mexico. Topics discussed include: the history of yellow fever in the area, recent epidemics and public health efforts at mosquito control and vaccination.
This is an unsigned manuscript on impounded waters, which details public health regulations, worker conditions, and the bodies of water themselves.
Robertson inquires about the possibility of doing a flea survey and discusses threat of a plague.
Hanson requests Carter's advice regarding the yellow fever campaign in Peru.
LePrince needs Carter's specifications for an anti-malaria campaign to use for a cost estimate to Congress. He sends Carter a copy of the letter that requests the estimate.
Stimson asks Fricks to assign a man to survey a proposed anti-malaria project in order to devise a cost estimate for Congress.
The writer praises Carter's work, entitled "El Doctor de Guadalupe." The writer also notes the contributions, in Peru, of Hanson and the Rockefeller Foundation.
Griffitts writes that he would like to be assigned to North Carolina.
Read sends Carter Noguchi's reports on the unusual yellow fever case of seaman John Cose.
Noguchi reports to Denno on the unusual yellow fever case of seaman Cose. He believes Cose did not have yellow fever and asks for clinical records on the case.
Noguchi reports to Denno on the physical examination of the suspected yellow fever case, John Cose.
Connal will send information on yellow fever cases to Noguchi.
Coello reports on cases of hemorrhagic jaundice in Guayaquil, Ecuador.
Hanson suspects that the reported case of Weil's disease, reported in Guayaquil, may be yellow fever. He believes that the International Health Board should investigate.
[Carter] informs Fricks of the regulations for impounded waters and comments on papers submitted.
[Carter] informs White of Lyster's visit and the danger of yellow fever in Tuxpan.
Russell writes that he will begin sending Carter the International Health Board bulletin.
[Carter] discusses malaria infections missed by careful blood examination.
Russell informs Carter that Connor and Scannell are skeptical about the use of copper in mosquito breeding control.
Long sends Coello's report on hemorrhagic jaundice in Guayaquil, Ecuador.
Read sends Carter correspondence concerning yellow fever in Ceara, Brazil.
Noguchi thanks Howland for Comstock's letter and comments on the fever cases in Brazil.
Comstock describes possible yellow fever cases to Howland. All involve foreigners in Brazil.
Comstock describes possible yellow fever cases to Schobinger. All involve foreigners in Brazil. Comstock criticizes the local physicians' attitude and treatment of the cases.
Rose sends Carter a letter from Long concerning yellow fever at Ceara, Brazil.
Long reports that there is yellow fever in Ceara, Brazil, and that steamers from Ceara are due in New York.
Lyster sends Carter a report on the yellow fever campaign in Vera Cruz, Mexico and a letter Lyster has written to Houle commenting on the campaign.
Lyster praises Houle and the yellow fever work in Mexico and congratulates him on the birth of a son. Lyster informs Houle that he sent a copy of the report on the yellow fever work to Carter.
Caldwell reports on the Mexican yellow fever and antimalarial campaign, describing the cooperative efforts of the Mexicans and the Rockefeller Commission workers.
Connor reports extensively on the yellow fever campaign in Mexico.
Griffitts writes about water impoundment and mosquito control in Alabama. He regrets that he is not going to North Carolina.
Bost thanks Carter for the doll and candy.
Rose discusses Carter's compensation for his work on the history of yellow fever.
Pareja informs Carter that he has never seen a case of espiroquetosis ictero-hemorrhagica (Weil's Disease) in Guayaquil.
Carter inquires about Weil's Disease (Leptospirosis ictero-hemorrhagica) in Guayaquil, Peru.
Carter discusses the breeding habits of Stegomyia.
Rose sends Carter correspondence relating to Guiteras' resignation from the International Health Board's Yellow Fever Council.
Guiteras resigns from the International Health Board's Yellow Fever Council.
Rose regrets that Guiteras will resign from the International Health Board's Yellow Fever Council. He thanks Guiteras for his contributions to the yellow fever work.
Guiteras explains that he must resign from the International Health Board's Yellow Fever Council because he is going into general practice, and will not have enough time.
Rose informs Guiteras that the International Health Board regrets his resignation from the Board and expresses appreciation for his services.
[Carter] gives White advice on employing stegomyia control in limited areas.
Rose sends Carter Noguchi's letter concerning the possible infectious jaundice in Guayaquil.
Noguchi gives his opinion on a possible infectious jaundice case in Guayaquil, and requests clinical data.
Woldert requests that Carter send him information on anti-malarial work.
Read thanks Carter for his comments on Connor's article.
Read writes that the Health Board has received the articles Carter sent, and that they are sending him Guiteras' report and the Yellow Fever Commission report.
Read informs Carter that the Health Board has written to Connor suggesting he experiment with the water bug used by Houle.
Griffitts reports to Carter about anti-malarial work in Alabama. He requests Carter's advice for cleaning up a pond.
The writer describes experiments involving the winter breeding of mosquitoes.
Hanson informs Carter that he has settled in Jacksonville, Florida and has started his own practice. He discusses an alleged case of Weil's Disease in Guayaquil, Ecuador.
Rose sends Carter clinical reports on possible yellow fever cases in Africa. The letter contains Carter's autograph notes. [Note: date may be in error; may be 1924, since enclosures sent with it date from March-Sept. 1923]
Connal discusses the pathological reports of a possible yellow fever case in Lagos.
Noguchi discusses the pathological reports of a possible yellow fever case in Lagos, Nigeria.
Darling discusses the pathological reports of a possible yellow fever case in Lagos, Nigeria.
Darling discusses the pathological reports of a possible yellow fever case in Lagos, Nigeria.
Connal sends pathological specimens from another possible African yellow fever case. He thanks Russell for consulting with Noguchi and Darling concerning the previous case.
Griffitts writes that he has surveyed a power company pond and makes recommendations for malaria prevention measures.
[Carter] discusses a fever outbreak in Ecuador. He weighs the evidence for and against a diagnosis of yellow fever.
Rucker reports on possible cases of yellow fever in Guayaquil, Ecuador.
Frost discusses Snow's book on cholera. He informs Carter that he will be lecturing in Washington, D.C. next month.
Read sends Carter Noguchi's letter concerning a possible Ecuadorean yellow fever case.
Noguchi discusses an Ecuadorean fever case that might be yellow fever.
These excerpts - from the "Diario del Comercio" - describe a Colombian fever epidemic and advise preventive measures.
Griffitts writes to Carter about his anti-malaria work. He describes the problems with ponds and prospective mosquito breeding experiments.
Read sends Carter a copy of the 1914 Rose-Gorgas interview to use in his history.
Parker describes his malaria education efforts.
White agrees with Carter on handling endemic situations. He sends Carter a letter from Avila describing a possible yellow fever case, which he thinks is a false diagnosis.
Avila describes a possible yellow fever case in Mexico.
Read writes to Carter about fever cases in Guayaquil and Colombia.
Carter informs Leathers about his career in malaria and yellow fever control and the careers of others prominent in the field.
Carter informs Russell about a possible yellow fever epidemic in Colombia.
Carter writes that he has completed the chapter on yellow fever epidemiology. He wonders if scientists in the field might find it useful.
Russell sends Carter a copy of a letter from Pareja commenting on fever cases in Guayaquil.
Pareja discusses fever cases in Guayaquil and emphatically denies that they are yellow fever.
Carter writes that he agrees with the Pareja report regarding yellow fever in Ecuador.
The writer reports on progress in yellow fever work. Pathology, mortality, sanitation measures, epidemiology and the locations of recent outbreaks are all mentioned.
Robertson reports on plague distribution and speculates that its absence from cold climates is related to the absence of fleas in these areas.
Carter writes about the malaria control work in the U.S. and introduces Peterson.
Hanson must decide whether to stay in private practice or resume yellow fever work with the International Health Board. Enclosing a telegram from Russell, he asks Carter if there is suspicion of yellow fever in Colombia.
Russell asks if Hanson would accompany White on a yellow fever survey of Colombia.
Barber requests information about the prevalence of different malaria parasites in relation to the season in the southern United States.
Carter sends Russell his comments on Connor's paper about the biology of the mosquito vector.
Carter suggests revision to Connor's paper about the biology of the mosquito vector.
Russell sends Carter a letter and report on the Colombia fever epidemic.
Miller sends Russell a report on a possible yellow fever outbreak in Colombia.
Miller reports on a possible yellow fever outbreak in Colombia.
[Carter] refers to the 1916 Gorgas report indicating that the fever in Muzo, Colombia was not yellow fever.
Arthur poses numerous questions related to mosquitos.
Russell forwards White's comments on possible yellow fever in Muzo in 1907.
Hanson writes that he doubts there is yellow fever in Colombia. He discusses the differences between his private practice and working for the public health service.
Russell sends Carter a letter concerning yellow fever in West Africa.
Felt reports on a possible yellow fever case in West Africa.
Russell thanks Carter for his comments on Connor's paper.
Felt reports on yellow fever at Saltpond, Gold Coast.
[Carter] answers Arthur's questions regarding mosquitos and their relationship to malaria and yellow fever.
Barber discusses research on the seasonal incidence of malaria types.
Carter requests information on the traffic from the western coasts of Central and South America to Australia.
Read reports that there have been no new fever cases in Bucaramanga, Colombia for the past 15 days.
Robertson sends Carter a copy of his report on bubonic plague and asks for criticism.
Fisher comments on the effects of certain types of algae on mosquito larvae.
Griffitts writes that he was not chosen for International Health Board work. He offers his opinion on employee-Health Service relations.
Russell writes that he will send a check for her father's work on the yellow fever history.
Safford describes his work and theories on the origins of cultivated plants. He believes that the banana is of Old World origin.
Richards reports that Houle is currently away.
[Carter] thanks Safford for his letter describing his theories on plant origins.
Creel lists vessels sailing between the west coast of South America and Asia.
The writer discusses the influence of pine trees on mosquito production.
The collection finding aid does not list all of the items that are housed in this file.
Diaz thanks Carter for a reprint on yellow fever. He requests additional copies - from the Chicago Medical Book Company - of other articles written by Carter.
Sweet discusses the introduction of mosquitoes to Hawaii in 1829 and the prevalence of fever there.
[Carter] requests data on the mosquito Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti.
[Carter] requests that Fricks forward a letter to Welch.
[Carter] inquires about the Committee on Resolutions, subcommittee for the National Malaria Committee.
[Laura Carter] writes that Henry Carter believes that parasites do not develop in mosquitoes below 61 degrees . He believes last year's cases of malaria were caused by females that had been hibernating.
Carter writes that the most pressing problems stem from impounded water, especially in regards to malaria.
Carter returns comments on Vaughn's article to Russell, and discusses his comments.
Carter critiques [Emmett Vaughan's] article on yellow fever.
Houle writes that he has little information about trans-Pacific shipping from Mexican ports, but suggests where Carter can obtain an itinerary of all vessels.
Barber writes about collecting data on types of malarial parasites.
Smith provides detailed information on the steamer traffic between South America, Asia and Australia.
Read thanks Carter for his critique of Vaughn's article, "The Differential Diagnosis of Yellow Fever and Allied Infections." She writes that yellow fever has been confirmed in Colombia and that Brazil has invited in the International Health Board.
Read writes that yellow fever has been confirmed in Bucaramanga. White will be leaving for Brazil shortly.
[Carter] requests the itinerary of the S. S. Lines from the Americas to Pacific islands.
Scannell writes about his yellow fever work in Mexico. He encloses a sketch showing key points where the sanitation inspectors will work throughout the season.
Read writes that the Colombian government is cooperating with Miller. Read also mentions financial issues surrounding the work in South America. Work is under way to gain entry to Venezuela in order to make a survey of the situation there.
Connor discusses a test for the diagnosis of yellow fever and the possibility of combining an anti-malarial campaign with yellow fever work. He suggests that the Board employ someone to study paleo-pathology.
Coello discusses the sailing routes between South America and Australia, Southeast Asia, Europe and the United States.
[Carter] writes that he has received a copy of "Epidemiology of the History of Yellow Fever" and a copy of the cable regarding Bucaramanga.
This memorandum gives the itinerary of the Japanese steamers running between Asia and Peruvian ports.
The writer reports that no vessels other than the Japanese are running between Asia and South American ports. The writer also notes that yellow fever is extinguished in Peru.
Barber writes that he is monitoring mosquitoes and putting together statistics about types of malaria.
Pothier reports on the reactions obtained from the sera of the cases of yellow fever seen in Bucaramanga.
Carter writes that more work is needed to eliminate yellow fever. He discusses the recent yellow fever outbreak in Columbia. Carter also comments on the origins of yellow fever.
Connor reports that there are no cases of yellow fever yet, but the critical period will be in the summer. Connor believes yellow fever in Columbia threatens Mexico.
[Carter] informs Linson that Colon has established a full quarantine against several Colombian ports. [Carter] also reports on mosquito breeding in Puerto Rico. He believes that Puerto Rico needs more protection than the Canal Zone, which has a low Stegomyia index.
Read sends Carter a preliminary report by White concerning the Yellow Fever Commission's survey of Colombia.
White's report states that the Colombian government accepts the existence of yellow fever in the country, and will pay half of the funding for the International Health Board's yellow fever campaign. It details the geographic locations of the disease.
Carter asks Cumpston to insert the enclosed note at the beginning of Carter's article “The Chance of the Extension of Yellow Fever to Asia and Australia.”
Carter's introductory note is to be inserted at the beginning of his article “The Chance of the Extension of Yellow Fever to Asia and Australia.”
Carter describes locations where yellow fever is present and discusses the chance of the disease spreading to non-infected areas of the world, mainly by ship.
Carter requests information on mosquitos in Colon.
This report discusses experiments conducted on guinea pigs.
This report focuses on the results of experiments conducted by Russell, Nichols, Hanson, Muller, Dieterich, Iglesias, and Noguchi.
This report focuses on the results of experiments on leptospira icteroides and leptospira icterohaemorrhagiae , performed by Muller and Iglesias.
Carter answers Dabney's earlier letter, enclosing a discussion of the origin of malaria.
Carter contends that America was free from malaria prior to its exploration and settlement by Europeans and Africans.
This is a medical report on the outbreak of yellow fever in Benin, West Africa. It details the measures taken to prevent further cases.
Read summarizes the yellow fever conditions in Colombia, Venezuela, Brazil, and West Africa.
Sweet provides a detailed account of the vessels traveling between the Pacific Coast of the Americas and Asia.
Hanson approves of Carter's paper concerning yellow fever in Australia and Asia. Hanson offers his opinion on the world-wide campaign against yellow fever.
Scannell discusses sections from Carter's book, entitled "Epidemiology of Yellow Fever," and requests Carter's opinion on certain aspects.
[Carter] discusses an article by Gouzien. He mentions the outbreaks of yellow fever in Colombia and Venezuela. He anticipates the Health Board's work in Brazil.
Connor comments on Carter's paper on the epidemiology of yellow fever. Connor discusses his work on malaria and yellow fever in Mexico. He mentions the resignation of Guiteras.
Carter responds to Monroe's letter that asks several questions about the epidemiology of yellow fever.
Carter responds to Monroe's letter raising questions about the endemic yellow fever.
[Carter] discusses Crowell's desire that he write regular briefs on the progress against yellow fever. Carter offers his opinion on recent papers on yellow fever.
Komp writes about mosquito identification.
Griffitts writes that he has been inspecting ponds and implementing measures to curtail mosquito breeding.
LePrince writes about organizing county interest in malaria control and sends a health department report.
This health department report uses three county associations as examples of what can be done to control malaria.
[Carter] writes corrections for another person's manuscript concerning yellow fever and dengue.
[Carter] responds to Scannell's critique of his epidemiology paper.
[Carter] discusses the selection and training of yellow fever workers.
Read sends Carter a copy of a letter from Pothier to White related to cases of yellow fever in Bucaramanga.
Pothier reports on his trip to Cucuta, Colombia, where no yellow fever is reported, although there is a great incidence of stegomyia. He has informed the government of the necessity for a mosquito campaign.
Russell writes that he is sending Hanson to direct the yellow fever work in Colombia. Smith will be sent to Mexico for training under Connor.
[Carter] discusses the breeding of mosquitoes in streams and ponds.
Notification that letter relating to cases of yellow fever in Bucaramanga, Columbia was returned to Henry Rose Carter.
Connor writes that he is using soap as a larvacide in water, and it is proving very effective with Aedes aegypti, but not Culex larvae.
[Russell?] reports that Hanson has protective antibodies in his serum against Leptospira icteroides, and that pigs protected by his serum are still alive. [Russell?] believes this proves the connection between icteroides and yellow fever.
Carter discusses ways to modify a pond in order to minimize mosquito infestation.
Byrd tells Carter that long mosquito flights did not cause a great increase in malaria in Colon. He thinks the reopening of the Canal Zone to agriculturists will result in increased malaria. He sends Carter his paper detailing anti-malarial operations.
Byrd's paper discusses the control of mosquito breeding as the most effective way to reduce the incidence of malaria.
Carter offers suggestions for preparing abstracts for a publication and encloses an abstract written by himself.
Carter's abstract summarizes the yellow fever article in Nelson Loose Leaf Medicine.
[Carter] discusses the relationship between L. icteroides and yellow fever.
Connor discusses his theories regarding the origins of yellow fever.
Carter thanks Scannell for his critique of Carter's epidemiology paper and states that Scannell will find well-educated physicians in Brazil.
[Carter] writes that he believes Cucuta and Bucaramanga, Colombia form a permanent focus for yellow fever. He believes that both areas require mosquito control programs.
Russell writes to Carter regarding financial matters and the situation in Columbia.
Russell sends Carter letters and a medical record concerning West African yellow fever cases and asks for his comments.
Pettman is nearly out of yellow fever vaccine. He describes the case of an Italian who died of yellow fever and lists yellow fever deaths among whites in the Gold Coast.
The medical record for Hanney describes his serum treatment for yellow fever and subsequent death.
White describes the use of yellow fever serum in one of his patients who subsequently died.
Carter writes that he believes control of aegypti mosquitoes in the Bucaramanga-Cucuta area of Colombia may be sufficient to eliminate yellow fever from the entire region.
Russell reports that Hanson agrees with Carter on the need for yellow fever control measures in Cucuta, Colombia.
Read sends Carter a letter reporting four cases of yellow fever on the Gold Coast.
Armstrong reports four cases of yellow fever in Gold Coast.
[Carter] writes about possible cases of yellow fever in Africa. He offers his opinion on the French efforts in Africa.
Boldridge reports on his study of the North Carolina pond projects and suggests cutting back overgrown vegetation.
Connor discusses his paper on yellow fever, including the use of scrubbed versus unscrubbed water barrels. He believes that the areas of North and Central America should be considered one unit because of modern transportation.
Russell sends Carter a copy of Luis Cuervo Marquez's study entitled "La Fiebre Amarilla."
Russell sends Carter a letter and report concerning malaria cases on a steamship.
Armstrong encloses a report on the fever outbreak on the steamer “Garth Castle.”
This report describes the route and the outbreak of malaria on the steamship “Garth Castle.”
Coello reports on shipping between South America and Australia and Asia. He notes that sanitation in Guayaquil has improved and discusses disease cases.
Russell sends Carter extracts from Pothier's letter.
Pothier describes yellow fever outbreaks in Bucaramanga, Colombia.
Russell reports on an alleged yellow fever epidemic in the Gold Coast, Africa.
Carter writes that he has read Veldee's article on the splenic index relation to malaria. He suggests other publications on that topic.
Hanson reports on yellow fever in Colombia. He also discusses financial matters.
Deeks writes that he may attempt community sterilization of malaria carriers by quinine in one of the United Fruit Company's tropical divisions. He seeks Carter's advice on this process.
Connor seeks Carter's advice on whether or not to suspend the yellow fever campaign in Mexico after twelve disease-free months.
[Carter] believes that malaria is best controlled by attacking mosquitoes and explains why. He notes that community sterilization of malaria carriers by quinine is a recognized method advocated by physicians, but not by entomologists.
[Carter] discusses past experiments and problems with the use of the blood index in relation to malaria.
Carter writes Fricks from a hospital where he is a patient and encloses a memorandum. He anticipates that he will not be doing any more fieldwork and expresses regret that he is not younger, because the work is far from completed.
Carter discusses the seasonal presence and absence of mosquitoes, and the control of their breeding through the use of vegetation control, fish stocking, and maintenance of water level in ponds.
Scannell informs Carter that he has taken a trip through the northern states of Brazil and reports that Bahia and Ceara seem to be the chief yellow fever centers.
Maxcy is glad that Carter is recovering. He discusses the difficulties of distinguishing between re-infection and relapse in malaria, and encloses tables on Coogle's research.
Coogle's tables compares the history, spleen and parasite index of school children in Mississippi.
[Carter] writes that he is recuperating from an angina pectoris attack. He agrees with Hanson's yellow fever strategy. He discusses his current work on the origins of yellow fever.
Hansen writes about his work in Colombia. He has seen no yellow fever in Bucaramanga, although the Stegomyia index is high there as well as along the Magdelena River. He discusses other diseases he has encountered there and notes Dunn's work with mosquitoes.
Russell sends Carter an abstract about Spirochetosis.
Leathers writes about Carter's contribution to public health.
Russell sends Carter letters regarding a suspected yellow fever death. Russell does not want Carter to feel obliged to answer letters during Carter's convalescence.
Darling has examined the slides from the suspected yellow fever patient.
Noguchi thinks the liver sections and the clinical aspects of the deceased patient do not support a diagnosis of yellow fever.
Noguchi is sending a report on liver sections from a suspected yellow fever patient.
Muller states that it is difficult to determine if the liver is from a yellow fever case.
Russell writes to Carter that the commission may postpone work in West Africa until yellow fever is under control in Brazil.
Kelly sends Carter a copy of his Walter Reed book. He notes the credit given Carter's work in Ross' memoirs and asks for photos of Carter to include in a collection of malaria and yellow fever literature he is gathering for the School of Hygiene, in Baltimore.
Russell comments on Stevenel's article on spirochetes.
Carter comments on recent yellow fever articles and summarizes yellow fever work. He discusses the relation of Leptospira icteroides to yellow fever and the use of curative sera. He also mentions the recent yellow fever outbreaks in Brazil, Colombia, and West Africa.
Russell writes that he will send letters to Laura Carter for her father's consideration, but emphasizes that she should not allow him to overwork.
Carter discusses diseases similar to yellow fever. He suspects Cucuta, Colombia is a yellow fever focal point. He comments on the origins of yellow fever.
Cumming has the impression that Henry Rose Carter told Reed about his extrinsic incubation theory and asks Laura Carter if her father's work influenced Reed. An autograph note by Laura Carter attests to the influence of her father's work on Reed.
Ravenel discusses the influences of Henry Rose Carter's extrinsic incubation theory and Finlay's mosquito theory on Reed's work.
Connor reports to Carter that the Mexican yellow fever campaign is going well, although he has had difficulties with local officials. He agrees that Maracaibo, rather than the larger Colombian towns, is the focal point for yellow fever.
Read sends Carter a letter from Miller and the case histories of two suspected yellow fever victims. She has not yet received Noguchi's report on the patient specimens.
Miller sends specimens and case histories of suspected yellow fever victims. He asks for a report as soon as possible.
The case history describes Viviesca's final illness and his autopsy.
The case history describes Manrique's final illness and his autopsy.
Read sends Carter letters concerning suspected yellow fever cases in Colombia.
Hanson states that he does not think there is yellow fever in Bucaramanga and that the purported cases, which he describes, are not yellow fever.
Russell agrees with Hanson's analysis of the situation regarding the suspected yellow fever cases.
Read sends Carter a letter with references to articles on spirochetes in Africa.
Owen lists references to articles regarding spirochetes in Africa.
Gill discusses the relation between malaria and altitude.
Williamson informs Carter that the Rockefeller Foundation plans to issue a pamphlet about the use of fish in both yellow fever and malaria control. He would like Carter to read the galley proof.
Read sends Carter a letter from Noguchi and pathology reports on two suspected Colombian yellow fever cases.
Noguchi discusses possible yellow fever cases and sends reports.
Muller describes the liver of a suspected yellow fever case.
Muller describes the liver of a suspected yellow fever case.
Read sends Carter a letter and a pathology report on a West African fever case.
Tilden sends a pathology report on a West African fever case. He has forwarded the tissue blocks to Darling.
In this pathology report Muller describes the liver and kidney from a patient, and states that the case was probably not yellow fever.
Read sends Carter an article, by R.O. White, on yellow fever in the Gold Coast, Africa.
Read sends Carter an autopsy report on a West African case.
Carter writes to Read that he believes the West African case was not yellow fever.
Hanson describes the ongoing yellow fever work in Colombia. He believes an outbreak is still possible, although there have been no confirmed cases. There has been extensive dengue fever in Barranquilla.
Dunn reports on his survey of the city of Barranquilla.
Read expresses her relief that Henry Carter is out of the hospital.
Williamson sends Carter a copy of an earlier letter. He does not want to burden Carter in any way.
Williamson asks Carter to read the galley proof for a pamphlet about the use of fish in yellow fever and malaria control.
Carter describes the effect of impounded water level variation on the control of Anopheles breeding, reviewing work done by himself and others in North Carolina, South Carolina, and Alabama.
[Carter] returns the manuscript to Mrs. Gorgas and gives extensive comments.
[Carter] gives corrections on a manuscript. He comments extensively on Gorgas, Havana around 1900, Finlay, his own work on extrinsic incubation and its influence on Reed, and the immediate influence of Reed's work
Carter inquires if the Surgeon General's library has a book on the treatment of yellow fever with turpentine.
Read sends Carter copies of reports - in French with some English translations - from October 1922 to July 1923, concerning the yellow fever epidemic in French West Africa.
Carde sends Russell copies of reports concerning the yellow fever epidemic in the Sudan, the Ivory Coast, and Dahomey.
Carde sends Russell copies of reports concerning the yellow fever epidemic in the Sudan, the Ivory Coast, and Dahomey.
Seguin reports on possible yellow fever deaths and public health response in French West Africa.
Seguin reports on possible yellow fever deaths and public health response in French West Africa.
Seguin reports on the use of Noguchi serum and vaccine in French West Africa, and discusses its prophylactic value.
Seguin reports on the use of Noguchi serum and vaccine in French West Africa, and discusses its prophylactic value.
Seguin reports on the use of Noguchi serum and vaccine in French West Africa, and discusses its prophylactic value.
Bauvallet reports on the use of Noguchi serum and vaccine to treat yellow fever cases in Bassam, Ivory Coast.
Bauvallet reports on the use of Noguchi serum and vaccine to treat yellow fever cases in Bassam, Ivory Coast.
Antonetti expresses his thanks for the Foundation's help regarding the recent outbreaks of yellow fever in French West Africa.
Ferris reports on the yellow fever situation in Ouidah (Africa).
The writer thanks the Director for the serum shipments already received and requests more to be sent to him in Africa.
The writer thanks the Director for the serum shipments already received and requests more be sent to him in Africa.
Read sends Carter letters received from Deeks regarding a fatal case of malaria on board ship.
Deeks sends Read several letters regarding a fatal case of malaria on board ship.
Daniels informs the American Consul-General that a seaman was removed from the ship and subsequently died of malaria.
This report of death lists pertinent details concerning the deceased.
Woodward states that a passenger was taken on board ship. He describes the patient's symptoms, care, and subsequent death at Las Animas Hospital of malaria.
Cumming thanks Kelly for the gift of his book on Walter Reed and mentions his acquaintance with Reed.
This is a decoded telegram from the I.H.B. to Hanson mentioning the Carters.
Hanson writes about his search for new work and his discouragement at not being offered public health positions. He notes that sanitary work in Peru has almost stopped due to financial issues.
Read sends Carter a copy of a letter with pathology reports on two men.
Darling concludes after examining tissues that one man died of yellow fever and the other did not.
Read sends Carter letters requesting Carter's latest manuscript, "The Epidemiology of Yellow Fever," and one of her replies.
Maxcy asks Russell if he could have a copy of Carter's manuscript, "The Epidemiology of Yellow Fever."
Read is sending Maxcy a copy of Carter's manuscript, "The Epidemiology of Yellow Fever," from a book in the process of being prepared for publication.
Frost asks Russell for a copy of Carter's work on yellow fever.
LePrince and Carter offer suggestions for the control of malaria on the plantations of the United Fruit Company.
Blake discusses ancient theories involving yellow fever and mosquitoes.
Robertson reviews recent reports on plague prevention in northern China.
This memorandum discusses the possibility that malaria originated in the Americas.
[Carter?] notes deal with mosquitos.
LePrince discusses field work in Texas to control the outbreak of yellow fever.
Carter writes that he is returning Williamson's manuscript with comments.
Carter comments on Williamson's manuscript, entitled "The Use of Fish for Mosquito Control."
Carter comments on Williamson's manuscript, entitled "The Use of Fish for the Control of Mosquitoes."
Read sends Carter a letter from Dr. Muench concerning yellow fever in the Guianas.
Muench summarizes data that he collected on yellow fever in the Guianas. He mentions the great ignorance or diffidence displayed by the sanitary authorities.
Stimson sends Robertson a rat flea survey done by Fox.
Fox submits his report on the rat flea survey. On the same page, Robertson adds a handwritten letter to Carter stating that the report is relatively uninteresting to him because there is no record of monthly catches of fleas which would take into account seasonal variations.
White writes about his field work to control the spread of yellow fever in Brazil.
Read states that a suspected case of malaria on board a steamship was confirmed by blood examination. She sends Carter copies of correspondence received from Deeks related to the case.
Deeks sends Read correspondence related to a case of suspected malaria on board a ship. He says that the diagnosis was verified by blood examination.
Macphail gives Murphy some history on the man who died of malaria shortly after leaving a ship in Havana.
Daniel states that Las Animas Hospital confirmed the suspected case of malaria on board a steamship.
Lebredo states that the sick man from a steamship who was taken to Las Animas Hospital died of malaria.
White expresses his relief that Carter's health has improved. He requests a photo and copies of some of Carter's publications for a Brazilian official.
Darling sends a medical report of the microscopic examination of tissue slides.
An examination of the tissue slides indicates no evidence of yellow fever.
Russell writes that he would like Carter to meet Balfour.
[Carter] requests that inserts be attached to a copy of a manuscript entitled "Epidemiology of Yellow Fever."
[Carter] responds to a report on yellow fever outbreaks in the Guianas.
Read refers to investigations made in connection with yellow fever in the Gold Coast, Africa.
Read writes that Russell appreciates Carter's comments on the yellow fever situation in the Guianas.
Williamson thanks Carter for his suggestions in regards to an article entitled "The Use of Fish for the Control of Mosquitoes."
Read writes about a memorandum on the epidemiology of yellow fever in West Africa.
Read sends Pothier's final report on the work of the Yellow Fever Commission that went to Colombia in 1923.
Pothier sends Read his final report on the work of the Yellow Fever Commission that went to Colombia in 1923.
Pothier sends White his final report on the 1923 Yellow Fever Commission inspection tour of Colombia. He describes travel, meetings with government officials, and incidence of yellow fever and mosquitoes. A series of appended documents [two in Spanish] discuss preparations for the trip, the suspected epidemic in Bucaramanga, individual yellow fever cases, and further details of the tour.
Read confirms the requested changes to the manuscript entitled "Epidemiology of Yellow Fever."
Heiser inquires about the desirability of having a definite identification made of the stegomyia mosquitoes in Asia.
Fricks details his malaria investigation in the southern United States.
Russell writes about field work in Brazil and suggests a possible yellow fever re-infection of Africa by way of Brazil. He encloses a documents from Strode concerning yellow fever, and refers to a letter from White [noted by Russell as enclosed but not with this group of documents.]
Strode informs Russell of some lab work that was done with cultures from yellow fever patients. Noguchi is almost finished with his mission in Brazil.
This article [translated by Strode?] describes the ceremony at the Oswaldo Cruz Institute in Brazil to honor Noguchi.
Heiser thanks Carter for answering his questions in regards to collecting mosquitoes in Asia.
Carter discusses yellow fever-K:\Reed\transmission_8_24\01139011.XMLcarrying mosquitoes in Asia.
Read comments on the second section of Henry Carter's book on yellow fever.
Russell writes about a letter written by George Finlay and published in The New York Times.
[Carter] writes about the insect vector disease theory and about the controversy between Carlos Finlay and Walter Reed.
[Carter] writes about the conveyance of yellow fever between Africa and Brazil.
Russell sends Carter a letter from Noguchi.
Noguchi discusses his leptospira work in Brazil.
[Carter] comments on certain Brazilian scientists.
Fricks reports on malaria investigations conducted in the southern United States.
Russell sends Carter a letter from Connor reporting on yellow fever in Mexico.
Connor reports on the yellow fever work in Mexico.
Deeks invites Carter to attend a conference in Kingston, Jamaica.
[Carter] writes that he hopes to be able to attend the conference in Kingston, Jamaica.
Kean writes about the campaign against yellow fever.
Lamborn sends Carter a notice of his payment of membership dues to the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, London.
Carter requests a book from the Army Medical Museum.
Carter requests help in translating a section of a foreign book. He announces the completion of the third section of his book on the history of yellow fever.
Boyd refers to two excerpts from Goeldis' theory on the African origin of Stegomyia fasciata.
Barber sends Carter copies of articles on malaria. LePrince reports that mosquito control on the Mexican border is going well.
[Laura Carter] discusses the Carters' travel plans for a conference in Kingston, Jamaica. She mentions Henry Carter's health.
[Carter] requests a reprint of an article on Mayan glyphs.
Carter suggests topics for a possible paper.
[Carter] discusses the nature of the fever at Bucaramanga, Colombia.
Carter believes that there has been no yellow fever in the Asia. He discusses the exportation of yellow fever by ship.
Muller sends Russell the pathology reports from West African fever cases.
Muller's pathology report on West African fever cases include tentative diagnoses.
Carr reports on observations of Aedes aegypti breeding.
Connor reports on mosquito breeding and the need to introduce fish for mosquito control. He notes that there is public pressure on the government for mosquito reduction.
[Carter?] summarizes the progress of the work against yellow fever, considering the factors of pathology, mosquito control, and the causative organism.
Guiteras critiques Carter's yellow fever manuscript.
Fricks reports on malaria investigations in the southern United States. He details laboratory work, epidemiological studies, and impounded water investigations.
Rice describes hemorrhaging in pregnant women and children associated with dengue fever.
Read requests that Carter destroy a flawed autopsy report. She sends him a substitute.
Carr describes the breeding of Aedes aegypti mosquitos in mud puddles in Brazil.
Ireland reviews the military career of Jefferson Randolph Kean. He discusses Reed's yellow fever work and the reorganization of the Army Medical Corps.
Fricks invites Carter to attend a conference of malaria field workers in New Orleans, Louisiana.
Read thanks Carter for his comments on Hoffmann's work. Read reports that Hanson is convinced there is no yellow fever in Colombia at the moment.
Connor describes an unknown fever in Dutch Guiana. He discusses the prevalence of Aedes stegomyia and the types of water storage used in the area.
Carter comments on Muhlens' paper about regional variations in the mosquito's relation to the malaria parasite.
Fricks reports on the progress of malaria investigations conducted in the southern United States.
White writes that he is willing to accept Carter's conclusion regarding the origin of yellow fever. He discusses the situation in Brazil and Africa in regards to yellow fever.
Lyster writes that he glad to hear Carter's health has improved. He discusses the origins of yellow fever.
Thompson reports on the sanitary condition of the water supply in Great Britain. Barber provides information regarding malarial conditions in Louisiana. LePrince discusses mosquito control efforts in Tennessee and Alabama.
White comments on Carter's theory for the origin of yellow fever in Africa.
Fricks reports on the progress of the malaria campaign in the southern United States.
Quayle congratulates Carter on his return to the Isthmus.
Pergassa corrects the date of the first appearance of yellow fever in Ceara from 1652 to 1851. He encloses a historical note about yellow fever in Brazil and suggests other literary material on the subject. Pergassa also encloses a list of yellow fever cases in February and March 1924 in various Brazilian towns.
This report discusses Agramonte's paper on yellow fever, which involves the difficulty of distinguishing yellow fever from Weil's disease.
Griffitts discusses vegetation and mosquito larvae in 14 different ponds in the Cherokee Basin.
LePrince reports on the role of the engineer in regards to malaria prevention.
Fricks reports on malaria work in the southern United States.
Carter comments on how to minimize the malaria problem. He recommends an article to Deeks.
Griffitts discusses malaria, mosquitoes and ponds.
Carter writes about his health and his history of yellow fever. He discusses the possibility of eradicating yellow fever entirely. He mentions working in West Africa in the future.
Smith explains that there was typing error made in the prior report concerning the first appearance of yellow fever in Ceara, Brazil.
Rosenau comments on Carter's "Epidemiology of Yellow Fever."
Ferrell requests suggestions for the National Malaria Committee program.
LePrince reports on the malaria exhibit in Memphis, Tennessee. He mentions a malaria census in Shelby County, Tennessee.
Fricks reports on the malaria campaign in the southern United States.
Ferrell believes that the meeting will not be a success unless Carter is in attendance.
Rosenau thanks Carter for sending him the historical chapter of his book on yellow fever.
Griffitts discusses the possible influence of humidity on the mosquito life-span.
Stitt writes that no serious attempt was made at the Naval Medical School to discover a satisfactory repellent for mosquitoes.
Read discusses payment for Henry Carter's book on yellow fever.
Rosenau comments on a chapter from Carter's book on yellow fever
Rosenau writes that he is unable to locate "Huacabamba" on a map. He comments on an outbreak of plague in San Antonio, Texas.
Deeks writes that he expects to attend the meeting of the National Malaria Committee and make a presentation.
Deeks sends Carter galley proofs of three papers.
Child's letter and drawing.
Laura Carter sends Read a financial statement concerning H.R. Carter's work on the "History of Yellow Fever."
Carter provides Rosenau with notes from his book on yellow fever. He discusses the origins of yellow fever, as well as other points about yellow fever and malaria.
The collection finding aid does not list all of the items that are housed in this file.
[Carter] writes that he believes there was no yellow fever in Mexico at the time of the Spanish conquest.
Barber discusses his experiments and provides his observations on the longevity, breeding, and feeding habits of the Anopheles mosquito.
Noble sends Carter Moseley's bibliography of articles about tropical medicine.
Moseley's bibliography, sent to Carter by Noble, lists 18th and early 19th century articles about tropical medicine.
Rosenau discusses the origins and epidemiology of diseases, and comments on Carter's manuscript.
Carter, Jr., comments on various topics including the California plague, the Surgeon General appointment, and family members.
Lyster comments on Carter's manuscript. He agrees with Carter's theory regarding the origins of yellow fever.
Frost inquires about sections preceding Carter's manuscript.
Carter sends Frost the second section of his yellow fever manuscript.
Vaughn discusses possible yellow fever cases in British Honduras. He encloses a copy of his report.
Vaughn describes possible yellow fever cases in Stann Creek, British Honduras. He includes fever charts of one case.
Carter returns a book and requests others, in Spanish, on the history of the Canary Islands.
Rosenau informs Carter that he has no knowledge of plague on ships.
Linson reports that Long has no knowledge of bubonic or pneumonic plague epidemics on ships.
Heiser sends a detailed report on the Malaria conference in New Orleans, Louisiana. He discusses malaria treatment, control, and mosquitoes.
Calver writes that the American Public Health Association has named Carter an Honorary Fellow. The enclosed autograph reply expresses thanks.
Robertson reports on cases of the plague on board ships.
[Carter] advises Noble on the importance of a book owned by Gorgas and donated to the Army Medical Museum Library.
Carter requests books on the voyages of exploration from the Library of Congress.
[Carter] expresses his gratitude for being named a Fellow of the American Public Health Association.
Grubbs writes that he has no knowledge of any plague epidemic aboard a ship.
Fisher discusses the recent malaria conference. He offers his opinion on the Southern Power Company's plan to impound water.
Acker writes about Carter's book and provides news of her family.
Frost comments on Carter's yellow fever manuscript.
Darling discusses pneumonia in South Africa and its transmission. He mentions the recent malaria conference and the paper that he presented.
Creel writes that he has never encountered an epidemic of plague on board ship.
Scannell reports on the yellow fever work in Brazil. He offers his opinion on the methods by which the yellow fever work is conducted.
Connor discusses the yellow fever work in El Salvador.
Fontaine thanks Carter for the gift that he sent.
Fontaine thanks Carter for his gift.
Connor discusses his yellow fever campaign in El Salvador; as well as the work of his colleagues in Honduras, Nicaragua and Guatemala.
Carter reports on the breeding habits of the Anopheles mosquito.
Deeks solicits comments on his manuscript, which is intended to educate the public about malaria.
[Carter] critiques Deeks' manuscript on malaria. He discusses the use of quinine and anti-mosquito methods.
Carter returns some books and requests others.
[Carter] returns the manuscript of Deeks' paper with his suggestions.
Carter requests to know what was said at the malaria conference concerning mosquito breeding in wells and containers.
Read writes that they have received more information on the British Honduras fever cases.
Read reports on the San Salvador yellow fever cases.
Boldridge describes malaria control in South Carolina.
Kligler discusses Carter's theory on the origin of yellow fever.
[Carter] returns some books and requests others.
[Carter] discusses mosquito breeding in containers and wells, and the use of quinine injections.
The Director will send Carter a copy of the Pan-Pacific Transactions when they are ready.
The collection finding aid does not list all of the items that are housed in this file.
[Carter] refutes the statement of the Pasteur Commission that infective mosquitoes bite only at night. He will assist LePrince in setting up an experiment to prove this theory.
Heiser inquires whether Carter has seen an article on mosquito breeding in palm leaves.
[Carter] discusses the breeding of mosquitoes in palm leaves.
Carter requests books from the Library of Congress.
The collection finding aid does not list all of the items that are housed in this file.
LePrince discusses conditions of mosquito breeding and an experimental chemical to control mosquitoes.
Carter requests books from the Library of Congress.
Griffitts describes the survival of mosquito larvae in cold conditions, and provides news of his family.
Cumming serves notice about the entrance exam for the U.S. Public Health Service.
[Carter] requests books from the Library of Congress.
[Carter] comments on Deeks' monograph on malaria, and he suggests changes.
Robertson discusses bubonic plague in temperate climates.
[Carter] discusses the comparative efficacy, as a malaria vector, of three main species of Anopheles mosquitos in the United States.
Scannell discusses the mud puddle breeding of mosquitoes in Africa. He is confident that the yellow fever work in Africa will succeed.
[Carter] reports that MacFie is being sent to Africa to research the breeding of Stegomyia in mud puddles. He discusses his health.
Laura Carter says that she is withholding Russell's letter about possible yellow fever cases because of Henry Carter's poor health.
[Carter] inquires about and describes the disease "o bicho" found in Venezuela and Brazil.
Ransom reports that Carter has been named honorary president of the American Society of Tropical Medicine.
Russell sends Laura Carter reports on possible yellow fever cases in Brazil, but says she need not show them to her father.
Carr sends White his clinical history and autopsy report on a Brazilian yellow fever case and describes several other cases.
Carr gives a clinical account of the illness and death of yellow fever victim Robert Sherman.
Carr gives an autopsy report on yellow fever victim Robert Sherman.
Carr refers to the diseases O Bicho and Schistomiasis Mansonii.
Barber queries Carter on the history of malaria in Virginia. He describes his anti-malaria work and his preparation for a conference, in Rome.
White believes that he and Carter are the only scientists with a full understanding of how to eliminate yellow fever, although Scannell and Beeuwkes may learn.
LePrince describes the work of Fisher in Alabama and compares it with work in Virginia. He includes diagrams.
[Carter] requests some books.
Carter describes malaria and living conditions in Virginia after the Civil War.
Barber discusses his upcoming personal and professional plans.
Heiser writes that he hopes Carter's health improves soon.
Hanson informs Carter that he plans to go to Africa to fight yellow fever.
Frost reviews Carter's manuscript on the history of yellow fever and expresses his hope that Carter will write a continuation on the subject. He wishes him speedy recovery from his illness.
Griffitts discusses his new job and expresses admiration for Carter as a friend and mentor.
Vincent expresses his admiration for Henry Carter and Laura Carter.
Carr expresses his admiration for Henry Carter.
Jack and Susan express their support and friendship for Laura Carter.
Ferrell offers his condolences on the death of Henry Carter. He expresses appreciation for Henry Carter's work and his humanity.
Noguchi expresses his condolences upon the death of Henry Carter.
Read sends her condolences upon the death of Henry Carter.
Grubbs sends his condolences upon the death of Henry Carter.
LePrince sends his condolences upon the death of Henry Carter.
White sends his condolences and words of admiration for Henry Carter.
Lyster expresses his appreciation for Henry Carter's life and work.
Penhallow expresses her sympathy for Henry Carter's death.
Rosenau sends his condolences upon the death of Henry Carter.
Rowe expresses sympathy upon the death of Henry Carter.
Frost, a little girl, expresses her love for Laura Carter and wants her to live with her and her parents.
Rosenau sends her and her husband's sympathy upon the death of Henry Carter.
Avery lists resolutions adopted by the Medical Association of the Isthmian Canal Zone upon the death of Henry Carter.
Cobb express his sympathy upon the death of Henry Carter.
Connor expresses sympathy upon the death of Henry Carter.
Thompson expresses sympathy for the death of Henry Carter.
Read offers support to Laura Carter and invites her to stay with her in New York.
Stiles sends [Laura Carter] her sympathy upon the death of Henry Carter.
Goddard expresses sympathy upon the death of Henry Carter.
Voegtlin expresses her condolences upon the death of Henry Carter.
Scannell expresses sympathy upon the death of Henry Carter.
Guiteras expresses condolences for the loss of Henry Carter.
Claibourne sends condolences on the death of Henry Carter.
Gardiner refers to clippings about Henry Carter.
Lavinder expresses condolences on the death of Henry Carter.
The writer expresses condolences on the death of Henry Carter.
Gertrude [s.n.] expresses condolences on the death of Henry Carter.
The collection finding aid does not list all of the items that are housed in this file.
Blue expresses his condolences for the death of Henry Carter.
Stewart sends his sympathy upon the death of Henry Carter.
Laura Carter returns a biographical sketch of her father for Who's Who in America. [not enclosed] She notes that H.R. Carter recommended that Dunlap Pearce Penhallow and Thomas Manly Whedbee be included in the publication, and sends biographical information on Penhallow.
Laura Carter sends Who's Who in America a biographical sketch of British surgeon Dunlap Pearce Penhallow.
Redd discusses Carter's estate and mentions the appreciation of his work during a Kiwanis Club function.
Hoffman expresses sympathy upon the death of Henry Carter.
Carter discusses life in Virginia, between 1865 and 1870.
The collection finding aid does not list all of the items that are housed in this file.
Fishbein requests photographs for an article on Henry Carter.
Laura Carter sends photographs for Fishbein's article and describes her work with Henry Carter.
Laura Carter sends photographs to Fishbein for his article on Henry Carter.
Russell discusses mosquito breeding in crab holes and mentions the Hanson article on yellow fever.
[Laura Carter] thanks Russell for the news clipping on Moran and Kissinger. She writes that she will resume work on the book.
]
Thayer discusses the influence of Carter's and Finlay's work on Reed and Lazear.
Ravenel writes that he doubts the influence of Carter's work on Reed. He believes Reed was inspired by Finlay.
The collection finding aid does not list all of the items that are housed in this file.
Laura Carter expresses her gratitude to the International Health Board for their tribute to Henry Carter.
Wanstrom's article concerns the inoculation of guinea pigs with Leptospira icteroides.
Connor's article concerns yellow fever control by an anti-mosquito campaign.
Noguchi's article concerns the Pfeiffer reaction as evidence of a yellow fever infection.
Froes's article concerns the etiology of yellow fever.
[Laura Carter] discusses the location of her father's manuscripts and refers Kelly to Frost.
Laura Carter sends Welch quotations expressing Henry Carter's final conclusions on L. icteroides.
Pope thanks Laura Carter for Henry Carter's notes. He is impressed that Carter had theorized a living host as an explanation of the extrinsic incubation of yellow fever before this had been proven.
Laura Carter provides Phalen with biographical information on Henry Carter and describes his temperament.
[Frost's?] notes describe Carter's study of yellow fever incubation periods prior to Reed's experiments.
[Laura Carter] sends Phalen notes on Henry Carter and his work. She notes that Henry Carter excluded his living host theory from his 1900 article for fear that such speculation would make the article less acceptable.
Phalen returns Laura Carter's manuscripts and sends his revised biographical sketch of Henry Rose Carter.
Phalen's biographical sketch describes H.R. Carter's family, education, career, appearance, and personality.
Townsend relates family news to Laura Carter. She sends a clipping on great names in preventive medicine, including Henry Carter.
Frost sends Laura Carter the write-up on Henry Carter done for the National Cyclopedia of American Biography.
Laura Carter sends the editor corrections for a biographical sketch of Henry Carter.
Russell writes that he cannot locate the report she requested.
Laura Carter informs Russell of her progress on her father's book and reports that she has heard from Ramsey and Hayne regarding the International Health Board work.
Barber sends Laura Carter material by her father on the history of malaria in Virginia, asking if he may use it in an article. He informs her that he will leave the Public Health Service to work for the International Health Board in Africa.
Barber excerpts selections of recollections by Henry Rose Carter of malaria in Virginia and around Cairo, Illinois. He would like to use these selections in a publication.
Barber thanks Laura Carter for helping adapt her father's malaria notes for a publication.
Laura Carter writes that she is thankful the work on her father's book is complete. She comments on her financial situation and her health.
Ramsey informs Laura Carter of his visit to an acquaintance of hers.
[Laura Carter] discusses her health and her new living situation.
Laura Carter sends her cousin Myron biographical material on Henry Carter, claiming that his work helped to determine the direction of Reed's.
Cousin Myron writes that she is using Laura Carter's notes for a biographical sketch of Henry Carter.
Laura Carter comments on her financial situation and mentions her brother Edward, who is in a sanitarium.
Seward inquires about maritime quarantine regulations. He also requests information regarding Henry Carter's opinion of Strobel's, Nott's and Nelson's yellow fever work.
Laura Carter sends Seward a copy of Frost's notes on Henry Rose Carter. [not enclosed] She describes her father's opinions of Strobel's, Nott's and Bell's yellow fever research and encloses a list of Carter's yellow fever articles.
A bibliography composed by Laura Carter lists H.R. Carter's yellow fever articles.
Kain sends Laura Carter the biography of Henry Rose Carter as it will appear in the National Cyclopedia of Biography and asks her to consider a portrait with the entry, for a fee. He includes a description of the National Cyclopedia.
A biographical sketch, with corrections [by Laura Armistead Carter?], describes H.R. Carter's family, education, career, and character.
A printed editorial note describes the National Cyclopedia of American Biography and desired format for listings. Testimonials to the publication are included.
Laura Carter sends the requested corrections to her father's biographical sketch and notes that there will be no charge to her for its inclusion in the publication.
Martinez thanks Miss Carter for the copy of her father's book and discusses theories of disease in Mayan Mexico.
Carter writes that he must go to Ferrenafe because of a possible yellow fever outbreak.
Carter writes about his surroundings.
Henry Carter informs Laura Carter that he has been working on manuscripts. Henry Carter invites her to visit him.
Laura Carter requests books from the Library of Congress for use in a yellow fever bibliography.
Laura Carter informs Russell that she left the Ravenel correspondence with Read, but did not use it because her father's book ends before Reed's yellow fever work commenced.
Barret offers Laura Carter condolences on the death of Henry Carter and reminisces about him.
[Carter] writes about the weather and his daughter, Laura.
Carter writes about the Public Health Service, his children, and his health.
Carter writes about his children and other personal matters.
Carter describes his current hospital work.
[Carter] describes a storm at sea through which they have sailed.
Carter describes early epidemics of various diseases, some of them mistaken for yellow fever. He differentiates between yellow fever and malaria, describes different mortality rates, and lists characteristics of yellow fever.
This Florida ordinance forbids untreated water collection, specifies treatments for collected water, and permits inspection and charges for violations.
This is a review of Snow's work published by John Churchill in 1853. The author of these notes is unknown.
Carter discusses the sanitary issues surrounding yellow fever.
The conference includes Noguchi, Flexner, White and Rose and involves yellow fever in West Africa.
This bibliography lists the articles on yellow fever and malaria written by Carter.
The collection finding aid does not list all of the items that are housed in this file.
The writer briefly discusses the content of Carter's "History of Yellow Fever."
[Carter] discusses the infective properties of yellow fever and the influence of his work on Reed and Lazear.
The writer outlines the reduction in malaria in the United States and discusses probable causes.
The collection finding aid does not list all of the items that are housed in this file.
The writer details Carter's career, ending with his mitigated retirement.
The unknown author describes the settlement for lepers that Carter established in Panama.
The author discusses the breeding of Anopheles mosquitoes.
Carter and LePrince describe a planned pond and the mosquito control measures that should be undertaken in constructing and maintaining it.
Peake sends Laura Carter a copy of a story she has written on the work of Henry Rose Carter and William Gorgas in ridding Panama of yellow fever.
Peake's story on the work of Henry Rose Carter and William Gorgas in ridding Panama of yellow fever includes excerpts from Laura Armistead's Panama diary.
This is a poem about Chinese lovers, by Henry Carter's son.
[Hanson] suggests details for Dunn's investigation of mosquitoes.
The collection finding aid does not list all of the items that are housed in this file.
Connor describes the progress against yellow fever in Mexico. He would like to have Carter's yellow fever articles translated into Spanish.
LePrince writes to Carter about the ongoing anti-malaria work and a conference they attended. [enclosed: a note on the use of wave action to control mosquitoes]
LePrince reports on the effectiveness of the malaria control in railroad cars. LePrince also comments on the anti-malaria work in Georgia and Tennessee.
[Carter] writes about his travel plans and work.
The writer discusses endemic centers of yellow fever and the origin of the disease.
Carter informs the Board that yellow fever has broken out in Peru and the Peruvian government is seeking help. Carter offers to stay, but will be unable to do field work.
[Carter] sends Connor a historical epidemiological study of yellow fever in Mexico and Central America for his comments.
Carter writes in order to make a reservation for an upcoming meeting.
[Carter] advises the chairman of the National Malaria Committee to reconsider abolishing a subcommittee that helps promote education in the fight against malaria.
Carter writes about his work, health, and living conditions.
Moore submits a case history and post-mortem report on a Nigerian who died of a fever.
Read refers Carter to a French article detailing a yellow fever outbreak in eighteenth-century Europe.
Fricks inquires whether Derivaux has any knowledge of Carter's statement regarding an unusual type of mosquito larvae.
Fricks writes to Stimson concerning Carter's identification of an unusual type of mosquito larvae.
Bonzi informs Carter that a vaccine is being shipped by the Rockefeller Foundation.
Series III. Walter Reed consists of materials that document the life of Walter Reed as well as the work and legacy of the U.S. Army Yellow Fever Commission. Items in the series date from 1806 to around 1955 with the bulk of the items dating from 1874 to 1936. The series is particularly rich in materials that document the professional and personal life of Walter Reed from 1874 to his death in 1902. These materials include, but are not limited to the following:
In addition to the above items, Series III. contains materials that document campaigns, spanning from 1902 to 1937, to publicly honor members of the U.S. Army Yellow Fever Commission and those who participated in the commission's experiments. These materials include, but are not limited to the following:
Finally, Series III. also consists of materials that document the history of yellow fever during the nineteenth and early twentieth century. These materials include, but are not limited to the following:
Materials in Series III. are largely arranged in chronological order according to their date of creation.
The Yellow Fever--Increasing Mortality--Visit to the Hospital--Appearance of the Sick--The Weather, &c.
This document reviews the condition of the four horse ambulances of the 1st Division Ambulance Corp.
Lawrence writes a story about a rose.
Reed plans to enter the U.S. Army Medical Corps, and gives his rationale. He describes his experiences in the city. He explains his later plans for marriage and his philosophy of life.
Reed informs Lawrence that he is studying for the Medical Corps exam. He describes the exam, and offers his opinion of social engagements.
Reed is exhausted from work. He plans a trip home. His step-mother is curious about his relationship with Emilie Lawrence. He critiques contemporary novels.
Reed seeks permission to call on Emilie Lawrence.
Reed is worried that he may be writing Emilie Lawrence too frequently. He is sick but will persevere to take his medical exam.
These endorsements and letters of recommendation for Walter Reed relate to his appointment as Assistant Surgeon to the US Army. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Reed accepts an invitation to appear before the U.S. Surgeon's Examining Board, and explains that he would have responded sooner had he not contracted a fever. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Reed acknowledges the receipt of the invitation to appear before Army Medical Examination Board. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Reed expresses his love for his dispersed family, and notes that it has been one year since he met her. Reed will delay taking his medical exam.
Reed lovingly writes to Emilie Lawrence that he will not forget her.
Reed writes that he misses her. Reed's step-mother is in Norfolk and may visit Murfeesboro - Emilie Lawrence's hometown. He has received his commission from Army Medical Corps.
Reed writes a paper on anatomy for qualification as an Army Surgeon. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Reed writes a paper on physiology for qualification as an Army Surgeon. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Reed writes a paper on hygiene for qualification as an Army Surgeon. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Reed writes a paper on surgery for qualification as an Army Surgeon. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Reed writes an autobiography for the Army Examination Board.
Reed professes his love to Emilie Lawrence, and looks forward to seeing her again.
Reed discusses his future life in the Army and asks Emilie Lawrence to marry him.
Reed inquires if [Emilie Lawrence] is attached, and asks if he may visit her.
Reed assures Emilie Lawrence of the sincerity of his feelings. She has not yet given an answer to his marriage proposal.
Reed seeks permission to call on Emilie Lawrence.
Reed writes that he has been delayed in Boykins on his way back to New York.
Reed writes that he made a medical call on Emilie Lawrence's relative, Mrs. Vaughan, on his way home to New York. He had been in North Carolina visiting Emilie Lawrence.
Reed expresses his devotion to Emilie Lawrence.
Reed expresses his devotion to Emilie Lawrence.
Reed and Emilie Lawrence are engaged. They anticipate separation for his military assignment.
Reed delights in Emilie Lawrence's love and prays for worthiness.
Reed informs Emilie Lawrence, his fiance, that the question of military leave is at the discretion of the Surgeon General.
Reed has not heard from Emilie Lawrence. He expresses affection for her relative Mrs. Vaughan.
Reed expresses his devotion to Emilie Lawrence. News spreads of their engagement.
Reed has his uniform tailored for a photograph to give to Emilie Lawrence. He makes plans to visit her.
Reed expresses his devotion to Emilie Lawrence. He admires her forgiving spirit, and writes her poetry. He writes to her mother to confirm their engagement, and reports that the photograph he had made of himself in uniform will be ready soon.
Reed writes that he misses her.
Reed writes Emilie Lawrence that he is lonely without her.
Reed describes to Emilie Lawrence his trip to New York City on a steamer from Portsmouth, Virginia. He relates a story containing a lesson of married life.
Reed describes to Emilie Lawrence the difficulties he undergoes to reach his army post at Willets Point, New York harbor.
Reed gives Emilie Lawrence a description of the U.S. Army base at Willets Point, New York harbor. He describes his duties there as a medical officer.
Reed informs Emilie Lawrence that he has light military duties and an easy command as a medical officer at Willets Point U.S. Army base. He misses her.
Reed, in verse, declares his devotion to Emilie Lawrence.
Reed assures Emilie Lawrence of his devotion. He describes a visit to New York City to buy her wedding ring.
Reed responds to Emilie Lawrence's teasing. He alludes to their wedding planned for the fall of 1876. He is beginning study of French and German.
Reed reassures Emilie Lawrence of his devotion. He learns she is unhappy, but does not know why.
Reed reassures Emilie Lawrence of his devotion. He admits that she has great influence over him.
Reed misses Emilie Lawrence. He offers a prayer to his deceased natural mother. He also discusses various topics, including medical treatments, a Catholic service, French lessons, and reading.
Reed sends an engagement ring to Emilie Lawrence by express mail.
Reed remains devoted to Emilie Lawrence. He comments on a caricature she has drawn, which includes mosquitos.
Reed describes his activities to Emilie Lawrence: French language studies, reading, and chess. He promises no card playing at her request.
Reed reiterates his devotion to Emilie Lawrence. He describes errands in New York City and his responsibilities at Willet's Point Army Base.
Reed reiterates his devotion to her. He describes a view of the planets by telescope.
Reed teases Emilie Lawrence about writing. He reiterates his devotion to her, and makes plans to visit her.
Reed pledges to abstain from irony in his future correspondence with Emilie Lawrence.
Reed describes his military responsibilities. He assures Emilie Lawrence that she is above all others in his heart.
Reed writes to Emilie Lawrence concerning irony. He notes that there was a delay in receiving her letter.
Reed's visit to Emilie Lawrence is set, but he teases her first.
Reed misses Emilie Lawrence after visiting her. He writes lines of poetry and offers a critique of an Episcopalian minister.
Reed expresses his devotion to Emilie Lawrence. He expects a permanent military assignment in the spring.
Reed takes a carriage ride to see the fall colors.
Reed makes a visit to a doctor's family. An army general gives him word on his future assignment.
Emilie Lawrence visits Norfolk and Reed teases her.
Reed reiterates his devotion to Emilie Lawrence. He describes his responsibilities and notes that General Humphreys, Chief of the Army Corps of Engineers, arrives at the base for a dinner.
Reed relates to Emilie Lawrence details of his brother's visit.
Reed describes a dinner given for General Humphreys, Chief of the Army Corps of Engineers. He also describes city sights seen with his brother. He gives a defense of army life and teases her.
Reed describes athletic events and a tournament. He comments on jealousy.
Reed makes a statement on irony in the letters he and Emilie Lawrence send each other.
Reed assures Emilie Lawrence of his devotion, and he apologizes for the ironic tone which offended her.
Reed writes that he has not heard from her, and he feels dejected. He attends a reception with a heavy heart.
Reed learns that Emilie Lawrence is nursing her nephew who has typhoid fever. He expresses concern for her health, and apologizes for his sad letter earlier today.
Reed expresses his anxiety for Emilie Lawrence's health. He reiterates his devotion to her.
Reed reiterates his devotion to Emilie Lawrence. He expresses his hope for the future.
Reed learns of the death of Emilie Lawrence's nephew. He meditates on Christian duty and on life's purpose for him.
Reed visits New York City, where he buys Emilie Lawrence a book. He is concerned for her health.
Reed reaffirms his feelings for Emilie Lawrence. He describes the physician's lot, and inquires about the new Murfreesboro newspaper and their friends Miss Peace and Mr. Sharpe.
Reed's Army Medical Board Certificate gives his personal information and includes the names of the Board members. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Brown recommends Reed's appointment as Assistant Surgeon, US Army, but notes that Reed's acquaintance with general literature and science is not up to the expected standard. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Reed declines an appointment as Acting Assistant Surgeon, United States Army. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
This series of endorsements by various members of the political and military community supports Reed's desire to join the Surgeon General's staff. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
This series of endorsements by the Surgeon General and Secretary of War requests that Reed be assigned to a military post on the Atlantic Coast. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Reed signs an Oath of Office after being appointed to Assistant Surgeon in the Military Services of the United States. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Reed informs the Adjutant General about his appointment as Assistant Surgeon. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Byrne informs the Surgeon General that Reed will be assigned to Willets Point for instruction in the duties of a medical officer. Following instruction, a report is to be sent to the Military Division of the Atlantic. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
The Surgeon General has assigned Walter Reed to Willet's Point, New York Harbor for instructions in the duties of a Medical Officer.
In these two cards, Reed requests permission to call on Lawrence.
Reed requests that Lawrence stay at home so he can visit her in the evening.
Reed relates that he is compiling statistics and writing a report for 1875.
Reed teases Emilie Lawrence about a rumor of her impending marriage. He plans a visit to see her.
Reed teases Emilie Lawrence about not writing and about attentions from Professor Sharpe. He discusses small pox cases among children on the post.
Reed has received no letter from her, but offers a meditation on patience.
Reed must postpone his visit to see her.
Reed writes of visitors to the Willet's Point base and his treatment of the sick.
Reed describes sleigh rides he has taken with the ladies of the army base at Willet's Point. He teases Emilie Lawrence.
Reed reiterates his devotion to Emilie Lawrence.
Reed arranges a visit to Norfolk and Murfreesboro. He describes social events at the army base at Willet's Point.
Reed acknowledges the receipt of his commission as Assistant Surgeon, U.S. Army, February 17, 1876.
Reed reports that he has taken up his temporary assignment at his posting at Fort Yuma, California.
Reed writes Emilie Lawrence to expect his impending arrival
Reed misses Emilie Lawrence. He is thankful for the time spent with her.
Reed visits a sick friend in Brooklyn. He was impressed with Baltimore on his trip home.
Reed teases Emilie Lawrence that his finger was injured by her. He describes cases of measles at the base.
Reed has not heard from Emilie Lawrence. He tells her he misses her, and reports on cases of measles at the base.
Reed misses Emilie Lawrence. He resolves to be a better Christian.
Reed teases Emilie Lawrence.
Reed remarks on the ingratitude of patients. He informs Emilie Lawrence that he will be in a play.
Reed studies Emilie Lawrence's French grammar. He assures her of his devotion. He visits Central Park, New York City.
The Army post expects a visit from Gen. William T. Sherman and the Secretary of War. Reed anticipates his upcoming marriage to Emilie Lawrence.
Reed describes the visit of dignitaries - including General William T. Sherman - to the post at Willet's Point.
Reed awaits his new orders. His replacement has arrived.
Reed is ordered to San Francisco. He will visit Emilie Lawrence with a “startling request.”
McKee reports to the Surgeon General that Reed has his hospital in “most excellent condition.” He also mentions Reed's personal qualities that have won him the confidence of all. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
From Walter Reed and Yellow Fever by Howard A. Kelly, Chapter II, 'Frontier life' (1876-1889), pages 25-29, 32-34
McKee approves Reed's request for a month's leave of absence.
Emilie Lawrence Reed and her young son, Walter Lawrence Reed, begin a trip east from Arizona.
Reed waits for Mrs. Compton in order to accompany her to an Army post. He misses his wife and son, and asks his wife to hire a nurse for their son.
Reed describes a trip to Santa Fe, New Mexico. He hears news of Emilie Lawrence Reed from a train conductor.
Reed writes that he received her letter to him.
Reed continues his trip back to Fort Apache, Arizona. He has not heard from her lately.
Reed's trip to Fort Apache, Arizona continues. He describes a river crossing. Col. Compton, post commander, travels out to meet Reed and Mrs. Compton.
Reed arrives at Fort Apache. He describes his house, and relays news of their friends. He studies Spanish.
Reed hopes that his wife's health improves. He offers news of colleagues at Fort Apache and hopes for an assignment back east. He has received no letter from her.
Reed describes a carriage ride. He responds to a letter from Emilie Lawrence Reed, giving her financial advice and offering news of acquaintances.
Reed describes enlisting Indian scouts and camping in the wilderness.
Reed writes that he appreciates Emilie Lawrence Reed's sacrifices. His son will be 18 months old on June 4, 1879. He sends his love and misses them.
Reed teases Emilie Lawrence Reed. He offers news from the base. He is glad to hear that she is feeling better.
Reed has photographs of his wife and son, and asks if they remember him. He gives news of their acquaintances and his Spanish studies.
Reed describes a Native American at the fort, as well as his house and garden. Life on the base is dull, so he anticipates a new home with his wife and son.
Reed writes about finances, promising to send money to her. She wants him to get an eastern assignment. He gives news about acquaintances.
Reed has heard no word from Emilie Lawrence Reed regarding a necklace he sent her. He studies Spanish, and will take the medical exam when he returns. He gives news of the post commissary and their acquaintances.
Reed agrees to send McPherson supplies.
Reed's letter to his wife includes his thoughts on scouting, his work to get the hospital property ready for inspection, an upcoming court martial, and his side-whiskers.
Reed writes that he has heard rumors that [McPherson] wishes to have his commission annulled. Reed disapproves of this.
Reed teases McPherson concerning military reports and life in the field.
Reed teases McPherson, and writes about debts, pay, and military assignments.
Reed learns that McPherson will return to Fort Apache. Reed refers to other soldiers, and teases McPherson.
Reed hopes his son remembers him. Reed learns he will not have an assignment to Fort Thomas. He notes that the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railroad is moving closer to Fort Apache. He writes about finances and military personnel.
Reed is glad Emilie and their son made it safely to Norfolk. He describes his friend Cruse as well as several women who have been kind to him. He encourages his wife to have her photograph taken and to attend the theater.
Reed corrects Emilie Lawrence Reed's misapprehension about the date of his reassignment. He expects to return east by June 30.
Reed is concerned about his son's illness. He observes a beautiful snowfall, and gives details about a hunting trip on which Native Americans accompany him.
Reed writes about military companies and scouting duty. He states he does not want his wife at the post if he must go out on scouting duty.
Reed forwards mail to McPherson. Reed contemplates having his wife and son return west.
Reed explains how he forgot to mail McPherson's letter and is holding his mail for him. Reed's family will not rejoin him.
Reed has clothing sent to McPherson. McPherson testifies in U.S. vs. McGowan. Reed writes concerning medical matters.
Reed writes of a post controversy regarding officers' duties and conduct.
Reed writes about lost dental tools. He comments on McPherson's scouting assignment and the resolution of a controversy concerning insubordination. He gives post news.
Reed is glad McPherson arrived safely back at the post. He comments on their new roommate. Reed's wife is sick.
McPherson is sick and resting. Reed is studying for a medical exam.
Reed teases McPherson and writes that he cannot take more leave to be McPherson's best man. Reed will travel to Warrenton, Virginia and to White Sulphur Springs.
Crane informs Reed the Surgeon General will approve his request for a leave of absence.
Reed requests one month of leave with permission to apply for an extension of two months. Several endorsements of the request dated May 27, 1880 to June 5, 1880 are included.
Walter Reed requests and is granted a one-month extension to his leave of absence.
Reed describes his departure from Arizona, and the confusion in getting his next permanent assignment. He awaits McPherson's visit.
Brown reports to the Surgeon General that the Board has examined Reed and considers him qualified for a promotion, with the proviso that he continues his studies in Physics. A second letter written on March 24, 1882 by C. H. Crane informs Reed of the outcome of the examination. The letters are accompanied by an endorsement.
Reed requests that his orders be ready for him by November 14, 1882. A note from the Surgeon General encourages speedy processing of the request. The resulting orders re-assign Reed from the Department of the East to the Department of the Platte.
Howard requests that Reed be assigned to the hospital under his command, due to his steward's disability and the limitations of the Medical Director. The Adjutant General's office denies the request. Included are an endorsement of the request and a document specifying its removal.
The Record of Services summarizes Reed's military assignments from June 26, 1875 through March 18, 1882.
Reed reports that he has taken up his assigned post as Post Surgeon, Fort Robinson, Nebraska.
Reed has requested four weeks of leave. His commanding officer has asked for an officer to replace him in his absence, but the request for replacement is denied.
Reed requests and is granted a one-month extension to the leave of absence he was granted on November 18, 1885.
Reed is coming to Washington to apply for a leave extension. He plans to visit Florida, and then to visit New York City for coursework.
Reed describes patients with erysipelas and double pneumonia. McPherson is to enter the Marine hospital service.
This report gives the sanitary conditions of the officers' quarters, yard, barracks, guardhouse, post hospital, and water at Fort Robinson. It also reports on rations and clothing.
The collection finding aid does not list all of the items that are housed in this file.
The original draft of Greenleaf's letter informs Reed that the treating of several pension cases each month does not warrant his being excused from performing that duty.
Welch extensively describes Reed's work at Johns Hopkins.
The collection finding aid does not list all of the items that are housed in this file.
Kellogg states that Reed is a man of marked ability. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Reed requests a four-month leave of absence to attend to business matters and for pursuing special studies in his profession. Military endorsements and approval of Reed's leave are dated July 7, 1890 to August 18, 1890. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Sutherland asks Reed if a local physician can be employed to provide medical care to the garrison and Indian prisoners during Reed's leave of absence. The letter and military endorsements are dated from July 18, 1890 to August 18, 1890. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Reed requests that he be assigned to duty in Baltimore so that he can pursue post-graduate medical study at Johns Hopkins University. The letter and military endorsements granting him a post as attending surgeon and examiner of recruits in Baltimore are dated from October 1, 1890 to October 4, 1890. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
The endorsement informs Reed that he did not lose his right to commutation of quarters while on a temporary leave of absence. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Reed wants to know if his baggage can be shipped from Mt. Vernon Barracks to Fort Snelling, Minnesota. The document is dated September 19, 1891 and September 21, 1891. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Mason requests that Reed be appointed to the examining board at Fort Snelling. The letter, endorsement, and approval are dated from November 17, 1891 to November 23, 1891. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
In these efficiency reports Reed summarizes his studies at Johns Hopkins University, and Sutherland declares Reed's record excellent and states that he is fit for duty. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Colonel Edwin C. Mason rates Reed's characteristics as very good and excellent. However, under scientific attainments Mason writes, “nothing special.” [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
The slip states that Reed is accompanying two companies as a medical officer to the Sisseton and Wappeton Indian Reservation. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
C.H. Alden requests that Walter Reed be ordered to St. Paul, Minnesota, to provide medical care to officers, enlisted men, and families as well as to examine recruits. The letter, endorsements, and resulting order are dated from August 1, 1892 to August 18, 1892. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Reed writes about studies leading to a paper on cholera vaccination. He also gives instructions for staining tubercle bacilli.
3 pages
Reed requests the address of a fermentation tube manufacturer, as well as a copy of Smith's paper.
Sutherland states that he has given permission for Reed to purchase extra medical supplies for Fort Yates, North Dakota, where much sickness had been reported. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
These papers relate to the promotion of Reed from Captain and Assistant Surgeon to Major and Surgeon. They are dated from August 22, 1893 to December 11, 1893. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
These endorsements and letters relate to Reed's assignment to the Surgeon General's Office as Curator of the Army Medical Museum. Reed's oath of office regarding his promotion to Surgeon and Major is included in these documents dated from September 8, 1893 to December 26, 1893. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Reed congratulates Borden on his paper about the fat cell.
2 pages
These regulations describe the inspection, quarantine, and disinfection procedures to be implemented at ports to prevent the introduction of yellow fever into the United States. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Geddings' discussion of the treatment of yellow fever includes baths, purgatives, coal-tar products, cocaine, carbonated beverages, perchloride of iron, ice, counter-irritation, tisane of orange leaves, enemas, and quinine. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Contains photographs and articles relating to Cuba.
Sternberg requests that Forwood, Winne, Reed, and Perley be sent as delegates to the American Medical Association meeting in Baltimore, Maryland, Mary 7-10, 1895. The letter, endorsements, and special orders are dated March 27, 1895 to March 30, 1895. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Sternberg asks for a Board of Medical Officers consisting of Forwood, Reed, and Cabell to examine officers for promotion, March 28, 1895. The special order approving the request is dated March 30, 1895. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Sternberg notes that Reed is especially well qualified for his present duties as Curator of the Army Medical Museum, has excellent scientific attainments, and is an excellent pathologist. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Reed writes concerning experimentation. He describes his return from Key West, and mosquito attacks.
Sternberg requests that Reed be ordered to Key West, Florida, for Medical Department business, and then to return to Washington, D.C. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Sternberg states that Reed is an excellent medical officer and zealous student of medical science as well as an expert pathologist and bacteriologist. The reports are dated June 30, 1896 and July 3, 1896. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
This circular letter gives disinfection instructions to be instigated after a yellow fever epidemic. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Deaths of yellow fever in the city of Havana in military and civilians between 1871 and 1900.
Sternberg writes about yellow fever infection from soiled linen and flies. He proposes measures for disinfection and quarantine to control epidemics.
Reed writes about field service in the Spanish War. He worries over his son's enlistment plans. Sternberg has proposed keeping all non-immune medical officers out of Cuba.
George Miller Sternberg assigns Agramonte to the pathological lab of the Surgeon General's Office.
Lawrence Reed assures his mother that he is well.
Reed informs Sternberg that Edward Mason Parker is a most competent physician. [Courtesy of the National Library of Medicine]
These special orders include a section appointing Reed, Vaughan, and Shakespeare to a board for the purpose of investigating the cause of the prevalence of typhoid fever in U.S. military camps. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Reed suggests several methods to determine whether patients have typhoid or malarial remittent fever. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Lee presents Reed with a corps badge for sanitary inspection services.
Lawrence Reed expresses his feelings about leaving Camp Onward. He will make lieutenant in a year.
Lawrence Reed requests items from home. He expects to be shipped out soon.
Lawrence Reed says he will be sent to Cuba with his military unit.
Lawrence Reed will leave for Cuba tomorrow.
Sternberg recommends that Agramonte proceed to Havana to study the cause and prevention of yellow fever. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Lawrence Reed arrives safely at Camp Onward.
Reed describes his life in the military and a social outing.
Lafferty gives brief biographical sketches of Lemuel S. Reed and James C. Reed.
This is a biography of Lemuel S. Reed, the father of Walter Reed.
Sternberg recommends that Reed be sent to investigate the administration of five general hospitals and division field hospitals. Endorsements and the special orders giving approval are included and dated July 30, 1898. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Reed and Hopkins report on their inspection of the 1st and 2nd Division Hospitals at Camp Alger. They recommend additional tents and obtaining the services of two contract surgeons. The documents are dated July 31, 1898 and August 6, 1898. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Corbin authorizes Reed and members of his board to stop at Knoxville. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Sternberg requests an order to direct Reed from Washington to the Natural Bridge, Virginia, on Army business. The letter, endorsement, and special orders are dated October 19, 1898. An additional document is dated July 20, 1898 and concerns an order to Reed to inspect hospitals. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Reed's letter and Sternberg's endorsement suggest that Natural Bridge, Virginia, is not a suitable location for an army hospital due to the condition of the buildings and transportation issues. The documents are dated October 28, 1898 and October 30, 1898. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Reed's station and duty report states that he was on duty as Curator of the Army Medical Museum during April 1898. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Reed's station and duty report states that he was on duty as Curator of the Army Medical Museum during May 1898. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Reed's station and duty report states that he was on duty as Curator of the Army Medical Museum during June 1898. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Reed's station and duty report states that he was on duty as Curator of the Army Medical Museum during July 1898. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Reed's station and duty report states that he was on duty as Curator of the Army Medical Museum during August 1898 as well as on detached service. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Reed's station and duty report states that he was on a Board to investigate causes of the prevalence of typhoid fever and on duty as Curator of the Army Medical Museum during September 1898. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Reed's station and duty report states that he was on a Board to investigate causes of the prevalence of typhoid fever, investigated buildings at Natural Bridge, Virginia, and was on duty as Curator of the Army Medical Museum during October 1898. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Reed's station and duty report states that he was on duty as Curator of the Army Medical Museum during November 1898. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Reed's station and duty report states that he was on duty as Curator of the Army Medical Museum during December 1898. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Wyman introduces R. D. Murray's paper on yellow fever.
The authors urge that the American Line from Santiago transport soldiers to the North. Attached to the telegram is a note dated August 4, 1898. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Lawrence Reed writes, en route to Cuba, that he will land tomorrow.
Reed writes about his life in the military. He did not receive his mother's Christmas letter. He wants to save some money and send them some gifts from Havana.
Wood regrets missing a visit with Reed before leaving Washington for Cuba. He has seen Reed's son in Havana and reports that he is doing well.
This report lists camp conditions and the buildings that have been completed for the military hospital in Havana, Cuba.
4 pages
Agramonte informs Sternberg that during the past several weeks there have been very few cases of yellow fever from which he could obtain material for research. Attached to the letter is a note by Truby stating that Agramonte and Carroll assisted Reed in the lab in 1898.
Sternberg recommends that Reed go to Havana, Cuba, to make a sanitary inspection of the camps, barracks, and hospitals near Puerto Principe, with particular attention to the prevalence of typhoid fever.
Sternberg directs Reed to inspect the camps, barracks, and hospitals occupied by U.S. troops in the vicinity of Puerto Principe, Cuba, and to make any necessary recommendations for improvement. He is to report on the prevalence of typhoid or other infectious diseases.
Reed writes that he visited the Vedado Post to see their son. Lawrence Reed was given a 24 hour leave to go to Havana with him.
Reed writes about his vacation and relates his plans to go to Puerto Principe.
1 page
Finlay discusses the theory that mosquitoes can transmit malaria and yellow fever. To bolster his case he describes Koch's work with the tick that transmits Texas Fever. He writes about the effect of temperature on mosquitoes, and suggests that measures be taken to eliminate mosquitoes and prevent their entry into houses.
Truby is appointed to a general court-martial.
Truby is assigned to the hospital ship Terry.
Agramonte describes his work with yellow fever. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Wood is sorry to have missed Reed.
Wood provides news of a yellow fever epidemic among American troops.
This brief note discusses a sick patient.
2 pages
1 page
Agramonte reports on his study of yellow fever from a bacteriological standpoint while at Santiago. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Wood writes concerning the appointment of the Secretary of War. He describes actions taken by the military to avoid yellow fever.
Truby is relieved from the Eighth Infantry; he is to report to the post surgeon for duty.
Kean, Brewer, and Truby are appointed to investigate the loss of medical supplies at Columbia barracks.
1 page
2 pages with pencilled corrections
Reed writes that he misses her and that he is imagining how beautiful things are back at home. He mentions the Dreyfuss Affair and says the journalists believe France is close to revolution.
1 page
Rossiter reports on the recent epidemic of yellow fever at Cabana Fortress in Havana. He describes the patients and their symptoms as well as the disinfection of clothing, bedding, and property.
Reed writes about an experiment with pigs and work involving the bacillus icteroides.
Kean discusses Najieb M. Saleeby's report [01942002] and states that the epidemic as reported by Saleeby was either Dengue or Pappataci fever.
Saleeby describes in detail a fever epidemic at Columbia Barracks, Cuba. He asks for the Surgeon General's opinion on the diagnosis. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Siler has read Saleeby's report on the 1899 fever epidemic at Columbia Barracks and is sure that it was dengue fever.
Godfrey writes a confidential letter requesting the reassignment of Dr. Alden and Dr. Jackson, who do not work well with him.
Agramonte is informed that his contract as contract surgeon with the U.S. Army will be annulled on January 15, 1900. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Sternberg recommends that Reed be directed to proceed to Havana to make a sanitary inspection of the camps, barracks, and hospitals in the area of Puerto Principe. Reed is also supposed to report on the causes of the prevalence of typhoid fever. Additional letters, endorsement and special orders relating to this recommendation are included. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Krassin inquires about the reported death of Reed in Cuba. A request is made for Reed to serve as a member of a board. A note dated July 17, 1900 states that Reed forwarded an efficiency report. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Reed is directed to proceed from Washington, D.C. to Fort Thomas, Kentucky. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Reed details his activities for the month of December 189[8]. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Reed details his activities for the month of January 1899. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Reed details his activities for the month of February 1899. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Reed details his activities for the month of March 1899. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Reed details his activities for the month of April 1899. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Reed details his activities for the month of May 1899. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Reed details his activities for the month of June 1899. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Reed details his activities for the month of July 1899. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Reed details his activities for the month of August 1899. His report is acknowledged. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Reed details his activities for the month of September 1899. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Reed details his activities for the month of October 1899. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Reed's efficiency report is for the year 1899. Included is a report that gives an account of Reed's services from November 1, 1898 to May 10, 1899. He is noted to be an expert pathologist and bacteriologist. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
In addition to the topics mentioned in the title, this report by Davis, the Chief Sanitary Officer in Havana, Cuba, includes a sanitary report and the number of cases of infectious diseases. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Ross discusses the parasites that cause malarial fevers. A note on the article indicates that it was published in Nature in 1901.
These five memorandums concern a missing letter, called the “Round Robin letter,” in which the 5th Army Corps general officers recommended that the Army be pulled from Cuba and sent north. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Sternberg stops the annulment of Agramonte's contract. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Welch gives a recommendation for Jesse W. Lazear. Included is a handwritten note by Truby.
Reed states that the mosquito theory for the propagation of yellow fever is a fact, not a theory. Reed's postscript gives credit to Kean for cleaning measures against the mosquito. [Reed mistakes the year, it should be 1901, not 1900.]
Reed states that the mosquito theory for the propagation of yellow fever is a fact, not a theory. Reed's postscript gives credit to Kean for cleaning measures against the mosquito. [Reed mistakes the year, it should be 1901, not 1900.]
Special Orders #17 transfers Andrus to the Hospital Corps. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Special Orders #51 orders Reed to Tampa, Florida and then back to Havana, Cuba on business pertaining to an investigation of electrozone as a disinfectant and germicide. Included is a handwritten note by Truby. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Sternberg terminates Agramonte's contract. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
These orders guard against the introduction and spread of yellow fever. The symptoms of yellow fever are clearly outlined.
Howard inquires about the whereabouts of the mosquitoes Lazear sent up from Cuba. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Reed reports about his investigation of electrozone in Havana, Cuba. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Havard is announced as Chief Surgeon of the Division. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Selected pages of the report give statistics regarding deaths in Havana. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Howard discusses his work with different types of mosquitoes. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Sternberg asks Agramonte to settle a question whether the infectious agent of yellow fever is present in the blood. Sternberg also includes an excerpt of his report on Ruiz, which should help Agramonte's experiments. Included is a handwritten note by Truby. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Reed is unable to help Howard with his mosquito investigation. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Special Orders #74 relieves Agramonte from his duty as Acting Assistant Surgeon in Havana and transfers him to the Division Laboratory. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Sternberg orders Reed and Carroll to Camp Columbia, Cuba for the investigation of infectious diseases, especially yellow fever. This requires the establishment of a Medical Board. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Special Orders #122 establishes the Medical Board, consisting of Reed, Carroll, Lazear, and Agramonte, at Camp Columbia, Cuba for the investigation of infectious diseases. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Walter Reed and James Carroll sent to Cuba for study of infectious diseases.
Stark reports of yellow fever cases at Columbia Barracks, Cuba. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Sternberg instructs Reed on the numerous experiments he should conduct in the investigation of infectious diseases. Also included are notes by Hench and Truby expressing their personal views of Sternberg's instructions. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Reed acknowledges the receipt of a check for $50.00 for use in the Medical Board's research.
Special Orders #130 transfers Neate to Quemados de Marianao, Cuba to report to Reed. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Stark reports cases of yellow fever.
Kean provides reasons for infection of yellow fever at Columbia Barracks and possible ways to prevent spread of disease. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Orders with endorsements request disinfectants for Columbia Barracks. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Stark requests that no individual affiliated with Columbia Barracks be permitted to enter a saloon where yellow fever broke out. Endorsements are dated June 6 to June 8, 1900.
Stark requests that no individual affiliated with Columbia Barracks be permitted to enter the town of Quemados de Marianao, Cuba.
These endorsements regard the relationship between the laundry facilities and the spread of yellow fever at Columbia Barracks.
Saleeby writes about the epidemic that afflicted Columbia Barracks in late 1899 and describes the symptoms of the disease.
Stark responds with a facetious remark to a request for carbolic acid for sanitary purposes at Columbia Barracks. Endorsements are dated June 9 to June 15, 1900. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Stark gives a detailed report on the outbreak of yellow fever in Quemados de Marianao, Cuba and Columbia Barracks, Cuba. Stark claims that Mrs. Henry S. King is the first case of yellow fever. A Medical Board with Ames, Lazear, and three Cubans is created to investigate the outbreak. Stark highly commends the doctors and staff at Post Hospital. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Havard details the outbreak of yellow fever in Quemados de Marianao, Cuba in May 1900. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Havard amends the yellow fever report sent June 18, 1900 to change the mortality count. A map is included of the town of Quemados de Marianao. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
The military career of Edmunds' is outlined until his death from yellow fever on June 18, 1899. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
This document records Kean's pulse, temperature, urine, stool, diet, medicine and remarks during his bout with yellow fever.
Reed and Carroll are on board the Sedgewick, bound for Cuba.
Reed sees the wreck of the U.S.S. Maine in Havana harbor and gives his opinion of the sinking.
Special Orders #97 orders Agramonte to Santa Clara, Cuba on sanitary duty. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Reed is impressed with the shower installed at his quarters. He responds to family news and is pleased that his son has passed an examination to further his military career.
Reed details recent happenings around the base in Cuba. He sends his love to family and friends.
Special Orders #101 assigns Neate to duty in Havana, Cuba. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Moran is honorably discharged from the Army of the United States, with permission to re-enlist.
Reed provides instructions to Emilie Lawrence Reed for garden work at Keewaydin, their Pennsylvania mountain home. He reports that their son, Lawrence, is well.
Reed gives instructions on gardening at Keewaydin. He also discusses financial affairs.
Reed makes plans for the Fourth of July, and he describes Cuban flowers.
Reed describes his laboratory, the hot weather and mosquitoes. He reviews work to be done at Keewaydin.
Reed reassures Emilie Lawrence Reed about yellow fever, claiming there is no danger. He writes about work done at Keewaydin and explains how he is organizing his laboratory.
Reed provides a description of his quarters at Camp Columbia and relates the typical schedule of his day. He laments the lack of rain for Emilie Lawrence Reed's garden. He discusses finances and political trouble in China.
Echeverria reports of medical activity in Marianao di Quemados de Marianao for the week ending July 14th, 1900. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Reed comments about the family. He writes about the English physicians Durham and Meyers, who are studying yellow fever.
Havard reports on Electrozone Plant in Havana, Cuba. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Reed sees their son, Lawrence, in Havana. He enjoys a meal given for the English physicians. He discusses China news, and relays information about a transport from the States.
Special Orders #65 establishes various boards to investigate damages due to the outbreak of yellow fever . [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Reed is delighted to hear about the rain at Keewaydin. He teases Emilie Lawrence Reed and discusses gardening at Keewaydin. He says their son, Lawrence, is impatient for his officer's commission.
Stark reprimands Cooke for his handling of a yellow fever outbreak at Pinar del Rio.
Reed is astonished that yellow fever remains unrecognized at Pinar del Rio. He recommends measures taken to avoid an epidemic, and the use of human experimentation to study the disease.
Stark reprimands Godfrey for failing to properly handle a yellow fever outbreak at Pinar del Rio.
Stark reprimands Presnell for failing to properly handle a yellow fever outbreak at Pinar del Rio.
Stark reprimands Nouel for failing to properly handle a yellow fever outbreak at Pinar del Rio.
Reed teases his daughter Blossom Reed. He expects to leave Cuba on August 1 or 2.
Reed teases Emilie Lawrence Reed. He expects to see her August.
Reed describes the weather in Cuba. He teases Emilie Lawrence Reed, and anticipates his arrival home.
Reed relates his plans for Keewaydin concerning the garden, a summer house, and a new house. He has seen their son, Lawrence, and reports that he is well, but he as yet has no commission.
Reed's baggage has to be disinfected for “Yellow Jack” before he leaves for the States. He believes this to be an absurd formality. Reed wants to install a shower at the renovated Keewaydin house.
Black responds to Reed's report on the Electrozone Plant in Havana, Cuba and wants to correct errors. He includes two reports by G. C. Rowe entitled “Review of the Most Salient Points of Dr. Reed's Report” and “Electrozone Plant.” [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Lazear is ordered to proceed to Pinar Del Rio to collect pathological material on the recent yellow fever outbreak.
Reed reports his duties for the month of July 1900 as President of the Board of Officers investigating infectious diseases and yellow fever. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Stark takes over duties as Chief Sanitary Officer after Kean is taken ill by yellow fever. Stark describes his preventative measures against the spreading of the disease. He commends numerous individuals for their help in the epidemic. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Reed writes that he is on his way home to the United States.
Smith grants a leave of absence to Truby for several days.
Lawrence Reed expresses excitement about receiving his commission. He is assigned to the 10th Infantry in Cuba and fears he will not be able to visit home. Lawrence wants his father to send him a sword.
Lawrence Reed informs his mother of his new post at Rowell Barracks.
Truby is relieved from duty.
Lawrence Reed writes that he is not certain where he will be sent next. He asks her to remind Walter Reed about his sword.
Gorgas details the yearly deaths caused by yellow fever in the month of July, and states that the sanitary conditions for July 1900 are better than any time in the past ten years. His report includes two charts of deaths in Havana: “Deaths by Months for the Years 1890 to 1900” and “Arrivals and Departures of Passengers at Havana.”
Reed is sending Howard specimens of mosquitoes from Lazear and is planning on seeing Howard in a few days. Included is a listing of the types of mosquitoes. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Reed sends Howard more specimens of mosquitoes that Lazear collected in Cuba. Reed is anxious to know the results. Included is a list of the types of mosquitoes collected. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Dunshie lists the cases of yellow fever at Guanajay Barracks and reports about the precautionary methods taken to prevent the spread of the disease. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Dunshie lists the cases of yellow fever at Guanajay Barracks, Cuba. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Lawrence Reed is well situated in his new company. He thanks his mother for the gift of an officer's sword.
Howard informs Reed that Dr. Coquillett identified the species of the mosquitoes that Lazear collected. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Agramonte signs this contract which enables him to perform the duties of a medical officer under Army Regulations. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Wood reports on that there are more yellow fever cases in Havana than the year before because of the great influx of non-immune Spanish immigrants.
Reed offers advice to de Schweinitz concerning the examination of medical students. Reed has learned of Carroll's illness in Cuba.
Kean reports to Surgeon General [Wyman] that Carroll's condition has improved.
Reed notifies Jennie Carroll of James Carroll's improved condition.
The fever chart has a notation written by Ames stating that Dean is the same as X.Y.Z.
Durham and Myers discuss the investigation of yellow fever by the American commission in Cuba and the perplexing nature of the disease.
Truby is ordered to Quemados de Marianao, Cuba, for assignment.
Carroll informs his wife that he is recovering from yellow fever and now is comforted that he will be immune from the terrors of the disease. He also explains that Lazear is very ill and predicts an even chance for his recovery.
Reed discusses the mosquito as the vector for yellow fever and the amount of evidence necessary to prove this hypothesis.
Reed discusses the probability of a mosquito vector for yellow fever. He regrets his absence from Cuba. He will not experiment on himself, and anticipates a publication on the etiology of the disease.
Reed describes his voyage to Havana, during which he gives medical care to a child. Emilie Lawrence Reed would not accompany Reed to Cuba, and did not want him to go.
Flexner reassures Emilie Lawrence Reed of her husband's safety and offers his assistance to her.
Godfrey requests a wagon to pick up the baggage of the arriving medical officers. Included is a handwritten note by Truby. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Reed would like one of his assistants, Williamson, to study a specimen of mosquito. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Sternberg requests the return of a medical journal, and makes reference to an article in the Journal of the American Medical Association. He asks for notification on Reed's progress.
Reed assures Emilie Lawrence Reed of his safety. He explains the circumstances of Jesse Lazear's death.
Reed hopes that he won't have to wait as long as his friend to get married. He really needs a new bed, and requests that Emilie Lawrence Reed tell Walter Reed.
Reed teases Emilie Lawrence Reed and Blossom Reed. He writes that Carroll is on a month's leave. He describes cases of dysentery.
Reed wants to meet a delegate from the Public Health Association.
Reed returns to Washington for a meeting with the Surgeon General. He will continue on to Indianapolis for the American Public Health meeting. On November 1, Reed will leave for Cuba.
Circular Order #8 includes Kean's letter of October 13. Kean states in his communication that the mosquito is responsible for the transmission of malaria and filarial infections, and more than likely yellow fever. He recommends a course of action for all posts in the eradication of mosquitoes. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
General Orders #27 announces the death of Peterson and documents his military career. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Goodale describes Peterson's burial at Grave 146, Post Cemetery, Columbia Barracks, Cuba. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Sternberg recommends that Reed act as a delegate for the Army at the meeting of the American Public Health Association in Indianapolis in order to convey pertinent information on yellow fever.
Reed is told to return to Washington, D.C. after the conference instead of returning directly to Cuba.
The collection finding aid does not list all of the items that are housed in this file.
These r names of the medical officers of the Department of Cuba and the names and duties of hospital corps men and privates.
Lawrence Reed describes surveying and map making. He relates the news of Major Patterson's death and his wife's suicide.
Sternberg informs Reed that Gould will publish Reed's paper in the Philadelphia Medical Journal. Included is a note by Truby.
This report lists the minutes of the meeting at the Public Health Meeting, Indianapolis, Indiana. The First Day, Afternoon Session includes numerous papers on infectious disease and yellow fever, with a paper by Walter Reed. Included is a note by Hench.
Howard informs Carroll the mosquito he sent him from Cuba has been identified as a species described from Brazil. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Reed presents this report on yellow fever to the American Public Health Association.
General Orders #28 announces the death of Page and documents his military career. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Ludlow responds to Wood's accusation that data was concealed regarding the number of cases of yellow fever in Havana.[Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Ludlow defends his position against Wood's charges of concealing facts about yellow fever in Havana. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Horlbeck concludes in this report to the American Public Health Association that the bacillus icteroides, discovered by Sanarelli, is the cause of yellow fever.
Reed reports his duties for the month of October 1900.
Special Orders #178 grants Carroll a leave of absence. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Special Orders #247 grants Carroll an extension to his leave of absence. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Liceaga summarizes the cases of yellow fever that have been observed on the Gulf Coast of Mexico and the measures taken to prevent the spread of the disease.
Reed will leave New York for Havana soon.
Wood claims that the New York Sun misconstrued his statements regarding yellow fever, and he wants those errors to be corrected. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Wood rebuts an accusation that Officers concealed outbreaks of yellow fever in Havana.
Wood states that he never accused Ludlow of concealing information, but that newspapers have misconstrued his statements, through false deductions and inferences. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Lawrence Reed anticipates his father's return to Cuba. He comments on rumors of reassignment, yellow fever cases, and packages from home.
Reed describes his voyage to Cuba. He also comments on the upcoming presidential election in the United States.
Howard provides information to Carroll about a certain species of mosquito. Howard then asks Carroll to catch a species of mosquito for his own research, which is believed to have migrated to Cuba in slave ships years ago. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Reed remarks on Bryan's defeat in the United States presidential election. He describes various people at the camp. He discusses his work on yellow fever, including the possibility of human experimentation.
Reed reports his duties for the month of September 1900.
Lazear wants to know the circumstances behind her husband's death of yellow fever. She has a hard time believing that her husband allowed an infected mosquito to bite his hand. She thanks Carroll for sending her the money orders.
Reed settles into camp life, and observes a malaria case. He discusses finances, and notes that Carroll has returned to Cuba from the United States.
Reed asks Howard to resolve issues around a certain species of mosquito, the C. fasciatus. Reed is apologetic for asking such an obvious question.
Carroll thanks Howard for all the information he has sent him regarding the different markings of the mosquito, and gladly volunteers to collect any specimen that Howard needs for his research. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
This is a Cuban Treasury Deposit receipt for the expenses of the yellow fever experiments at Camp Lazear.
Reed goes into great detail about the markings of the C. fasciatus and C. taeniatus species of mosquito. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Howard tries to resolve Reed's questions about the markings of the mosquitoes, but also states that there is still work to be done in the identifying process. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
This is a list of the names, dates, and hometowns of the American volunteers and also lists the individuals who recruited them for the yellow fever experiments.
Sternberg forwards Reed's paper for peer review. He agrees that the inoculation experiments must continue in order to provide scientific proof. He recommends that a search for the yellow fever parasite should begin.
Lawrence Reed describes a baseball game and gives news from the base. He asks his mother to ship a package to him.
Reed writes that he has found mosquitoes and volunteers for his experiments, and will now proceed with the laboratory work. He comments on newspaper reports about yellow fever.
Lawrence Reed describes his quarters and asks his mother to send him reading material. He sends cash to his sister, Blossom, and warns her to be careful when she is out in public.
Reed reports that the experimental camp is nearing completion. He notes the effect of cool weather on yellow fever cases and suggests the mosquito as a vector for the disease.
Reed is sympathetic to his wife's case of gout. He remarks on a bill to Johnnie Moore for work at the Keewaydin house.
This article, taken from La Discusion (November 21, 1900 - page 2a), criticizes human experimentation by the Yellow Fever Commission as being primarily carried out on recent immigrants.
In this article, taken from La Discusion (November 22, 1900 - page 1), the Spanish ambassador is interviewed regarding the rumor of human experimentation by the Yellow Fever Commission.
This is a translation of an article, originally appearing in “La Discusion” (November 21, 1900 - page 2a), in which the rumor of human experimentation is discussed and criticized.
Howard identifies the mosquito Reed is working as the Culex fasciatus. Howard appreciates answering Reed's questions and considers it a privilege. He then acknowledges receipt of Reed's report and informs Reed of his own upcoming publication. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Reed expresses concern for his wife's gout, but he also teases her. He relates a newspaper controversy over the yellow fever experiments, particularly concerning the American and Spanish volunteers, and consent forms.
in Spanish
Lawrence Reed writes about post news, correspondence from the United States, and his rank. He notes that Truby is to be post surgeon and believes this will be a favorable change.
Reed is concerned about his wife's health, but teases her. He discusses work at Keewaydin, and comments on their son's class rank.
Reed mentions the houses constructed at the experimental camp. He describes the experimentation methods and plans. He anticipates a trip to Keewaydin in May.
Reed expresses empathy for his wife's gout. He writes that the experimental camp is almost completed and will soon be ready for work.
The form requests $5000 payable from Customs receipts for sanitary work in Cuba.
Reed describes methods of experimentation and the progress of the work at Camp Lazear.
Lawrence Reed gives post news and notes Truby's comments concerning the yellow fever experiments. He inquires if she will visit at Christmas. He turns twenty-three tomorrow.
Reed gives an assessment of the criticism directed at the experimental project. He believes that it is unfounded.
The writer requests a receipt for blank checks forwarded to Kean.
Reed writes of Emilie Lawrence Reed's health. He discusses finances and plans for their house at Keewaydin. He expresses concern over the experiments since they have not yet achieved positive results.
Reed announces the first proven case of yellow fever from a mosquito bite. The diagnosis of the case will be tested by experts.
Reed writes about the possibility of Emilie Lawrence Reed coming to Cuba. He also describes the visit of the examining board from Havana, and records responses to the mosquito theory.
Reed teases his wife.
Reed's experiments have convinced Gorgas that the mosquito theory is valid. Gorgas discusses the implications for sanitation and non-immune troops.
Emilie Lawrence Reed will not visit Cuba. Reed discusses additional research questions, including the larvae of infected mosquitoes. The experiment involving the injection of infected blood was successful.
Wood explains that Cuba is largely free from epidemic or contagious diseases and he suggests that commercial relations to be resumed with the island. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Lawrence Reed describes a wedding at the base. His friend Cooke will visit Emilie Lawrence Reed.
Reed states that cases of yellow fever are diagnosed and confirmed from his experiments, which proves the mosquito theory.
Reed writes that he cannot return home. He describes the enthusiastic response to the experiments, and he prepares a paper for the Pan-American Medical Congress.
Reed reports that there are four diagnosed cases of yellow fever within the period of incubation.
Sternberg congratulates Reed.
Reed reports that sixteen Cuban physicians have visited to confirm the experimental yellow fever cases. He responds to Washington social news.
Sternberg congratulates Reed on the success of his experiments. He hopes Reed can identify the parasite, and thinks it would be desirable to conduct experiments that would involve inoculation with blood from yellow fever cases.
General Orders #6 states that the mosquito is responsible for malaria, yellow fever, and filarial infection, and that all military posts should take every precaution to eradicate the mosquito. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Reed describes a dinner given for Finlay and the general acceptance of the mosquito theory. He will continue tests involving infected clothing.
Fever chart A ends on January 2, 1901.
Reed provides a description of the experiment buildings at Camp Lazear and the method of mosquito inoculation.
Reed describes the round of holiday parties, including one at the governor's palace, in Havana. He injects blood from the last yellow fever patient into a volunteer.
Reed writes that the yellow fever experiments have answered his prayers to do some good for mankind.
Kean acknowledges the receipt of blank official checks.
Reed writes about Emilie Lawrence Reed's recovery, as well as his toothache. He discusses financial matters, including expenditures at Keewaydin. His last yellow fever patient is recovering.
This is the famous New Year's Eve letter. Reed's toothache requires cocaine treatment. Reed comments on La Roche's Yellow Fever (1853), and his own role in the historic discovery. He hears taps sound for the old year, and celebrations for New Year's Day. He requests orders to return to the United States in six weeks.
Lawrence Reed gives his thoughts regarding his father's success in the yellow fever experiments. He makes plans for a visit to a Cuban sugar plantation.
Ludlow states he never concealed the yellow fever statistics, but that they were actually available to the public at all times. Ludlow then criticizes Wood for not giving accurate information to the newspapers. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
The collection finding aid does not list all of the items that are housed in this file.
Special Orders #188 directs Agramonte to Quemados de Marianao, Cuba. A handwritten note by Hench states his contention that Agramonte did not do any mosquito work for Lazear or Reed until Camp Lazear was operational. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Special Orders #183 grants commission to Reed. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Special Orders #59 grants Pinto a leave of absence. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Special Orders #129 selects Presnell to accompany 2nd artillery. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
General Orders announce Slocum as the Acting Chief Quartermaster. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Special Orders #199 assigns Springer to duty at Columbia Barracks, Cuba. Included are notes by Truby and Hench. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Special Orders #175 commutes rations to Springer and elects Mazzuri to board of officers. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Special Orders #234 states that Springer is no longer required for the yellow fever investigation. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Special Orders #46 directs Ames to Quemados de Marianao, Cuba. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Special Orders #54 directs Ames to Guanajay Barracks, Cuba. Included is a note by Truby. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Special Orders #129 relieves Ames of duty at Columbia Barracks, Cuba. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Special Orders #133 directs Ames to the Santa Clara Battery to relieve a contract surgeon. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Special Orders #8 elects Stark to a board of officers to deal with compensation for destroyed or damaged property through disinfection procedures. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
General Orders #4 announces the death of Cartwright and provides documentation of his military career. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Special Orders #49 assigns Echeverria to Military Hospital #1 in Havana. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Special Orders #135 directs Cooke from Boyce, Virginia to Tampa, Florida and then to Havana, Cuba. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Special Orders #99 directs Cooke to Quemados de Marianao, Cuba. Included is a handwritten note by Truby. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Special Orders #33 assigns Cooke to a board of officers and then directs him to Guanajay Barracks, Cuba. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Special Orders #158 directs Cooke to the ship, Crook, to act as attending surgeon on board. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Special Orders #54 directs Echeverria to additional duties in Havana, Cuba. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Special Orders #88 directs Echeverria to temporary duty in Havana, Cuba. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Special Orders #38 directs Echeverria to duty at the camp of civilian non-immunes at Quemados de Marianao, Cuba. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Special Orders #39 directs a hospital steward and a private to assist Echeverria at the non-immune camp near Quemados de Marianao, Cuba. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Special Orders #3 directs Colby to special duty under Reed at Columbia Barracks, Cuba. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Special Orders #74 directs Colby to the board of medical officers to determine his fitness for the position of acting hospital steward. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
The Johns Hopkins Hospital trustees petition Congress for a pension for Mabel Lazear.
Table shows relationships between yellow fever infections and mosquito bites for a small sample group in Cuba.
The collection finding aid does not list all of the items that are housed in this file.
Telegrams to the War Department report deaths caused by yellow fever from May 8 to May 30, 1900. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Telegrams to the War Department report deaths from June 1 to June 10, 1900, some by yellow fever. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Telegrams to the War Department report individual deaths, including those from yellow fever, from June 10 to June 20, 1900. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
The author analyzes the death rates of Cubans from malaria and yellow fever.
Reed writes his efficiency report for the period, June 30, 1899 to June 30, 1900. Both Sternberg and Baldwin officially endorse Reed's report. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
These excerpts detail orders for Reed to give talks at various health conferences. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Reed is recommended to be a delegate at the meeting of the American Public Health Association in Indianapolis to give important information about the cause and prevention of yellow fever. Special Orders #246 is included. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Reed is ordered to return to Washington, D.C. instead returning to his proper station in Cuba. This is an amendment to Special Orders #246. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Baird recommends that Reed's orders be changed so that there will be no confusion in the payment process when Reed returns to Cuba via New York City and Washington D. C. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Reed requests an address change. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Sternberg requests that Reed attend the Pan-American Medical Congress in Havana, Cuba. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Reed details his duties for the month of January 1900. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Reed details his duties for the month of February 1900. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Reed details his duties for the month of March 1900. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Reed details his duties for the month of April 1900. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Reed details his duties for the month of May 1900. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Reed details his duties for the month of June 1900. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Reed details his duties for the month of July 1900. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Reed details his duties for the month of August 1900. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Reed details his duties for the month of October 1900. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Reed details his duties for the month of September 1900. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Reed details his duties for the month of November 1900. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Reed details his duties for the month of December 1900. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Sternberg requests Reed's monthly report for the month of September 1900. Reed did not submit it on time. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Sternberg requests Reed's monthly report for the month of November 1900. Reed did not submit it on time. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
This report gives a brief description of Reed's titles and duties for the year 1900. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
This copy of the notebook fragment was ordered from the New York Academy of Medicine.
The collection finding aid does not list all of the items that are housed in this file.
These Special Orders #83 detail Forbes, Morris, Kissinger, and Ames to report to Walter Reed at Columbia Barracks. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
General Orders #6 states that the mosquito is responsible for malaria, yellow fever, and filarial infection, and that all military posts should take every precaution to eradicate the mosquito. A handwritten note states that Kean wrote up this order in the absence of Havard. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Table shows relationships between yellow fever infections and mosquito bites for a small sample group in Cuba.
The collection finding aid does not list all of the items that are housed in this file.
Special Orders #182 sentences Ryan, Jones, Gelhardt, and Lust to hard labor for joining in a mutiny. Included are notes by Hench. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Special Orders #81 recommends that eight privates be detailed for temporary duty at the experimental sanitary camp at Columbia Barracks and report to Reed. Included is a note written by Truby. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Special Orders #4 details the changes of station for surgeons in Cuba. Included is a note written by Truby. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Special Orders #25 orders Olsen and Hildebrand to report to Reed and appoints Kissinger as Acting Hospital Steward. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Special Orders #25 sentences Weatherwalks to hard labor for obtaining a team of mules under false pretenses and being drunk. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
This article describes new cases of yellow fever and recent deaths from yellow fever.
This article describes new cases of yellow fever and recent deaths from yellow fever.
This article mentions the interest in yellow fever by the press.
The article describes the connection between the mosquito and yellow fever.
This article lists the cases and deaths from yellow fever in October and November.
La Prensa
These reports describe Agramonte's duties and leaves of absences for the months September to November 1900. Included are notes written by Truby. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Table shows relationships between yellow fever infections and mosquito bites for a small sample group in Cuba.
Special Orders #164 grants Agramonte a leave of absence. He is also granted an extension. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Special Orders #69 assigns Agramonte to the Department Laboratory. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Special Orders #69 orders Agramonte to Pinar del Rio to investigate cases of pernicious fever. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Special Orders #42 orders Agramonte to report to the Chief Surgeon in Havana for duty. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
The collection finding aid does not list all of the items that are housed in this file.
In Special Orders #11, Echeverria and Ames are appointed to a board of officers to qualify men for the position of hospital steward. Included is a note written by [Hench]. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Special Orders #24 directs enlisted men to Quemados, Cuba. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Special Orders #44 directs surgeons and hospital stewards to various posts. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Special Orders #83 directs Gorgas and Kean to Pinar del Rio, Cuba. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Civil Orders #5 creates a board of medical examiners to examine cases of yellow fever and/or suspicious diseases. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Special Orders #43 orders Stark to take over duties for Kean, who is ill. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Special Orders #48 assigns Cooke to Pinar del Rio Barracks. Lawrence Reed is appointed to a court-martial hearing. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Special Orders #51 grants Kean and Hepburn a leave of absence and assigns Teeter to Columbia Barracks. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Special Orders #64 assigns Gorgas and Echeverria to a medical board to decide about disposing medical property used for yellow fever patients. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Special Orders #5 assigns Lazear to investigation of recent yellow fever outbreak. Included is a note written by Truby. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Special Orders #126 sends Havard to Guanajay and Presnell and Truby to accompany the 1st Infantry on transport “Rawlins” to the United States. Included is a note written by Truby. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Special Orders #18 assigns Kean, Amador, and Cooke to a board of survey to decide about posts that have been infected by yellow fever. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Special Orders #50 assigns Kean and Reed to a board of survey. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Special Orders #227 relieves Godfrey of duty. Slocum is temporarily assigned duty as Acting Chief Quartermaster. Stark's leave of absence is extended. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Special Orders #228 appoints Reed, Kean, and Stark to an examining board to determine the fitness of officers for promotion. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Special Orders #243 directs Pilcher to Ft. McHenry for medical examination and Godfrey to the Philippines for duty. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Special Orders #256 directs Kean to Ft. McHenry. Pilcher is retired from active service. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Special Orders #260 revokes Special Orders #256 for Kean. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Special Orders #265 annuls Cooke's contract as acting assistant surgeon for the U. S. Army. Extension to Stark's leave of absence is granted. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Special Orders #266 directs Havard, Gorgas, and Kean to the Pan-American Medical Congress. Echeverria is honorably discharged. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Special Orders #272 revokes Special Order #265 for Cooke. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Special Orders #302 relieves Lyster of duty in Cuba. Reed is ordered to attend the Pan-American Medical Congress. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
The collection finding aid does not list all of the items that are housed in this file.
Diagram of Columbia Barracks Post Hospital. Included are notes written by [Hench].
Presented to Philip Showalter Hench from Blossom Reed, December 16, 1943.
The collection finding aid does not list all of the items that are housed in this file.
Sternberg orders Reed to proceed to Washington, D.C. from Havana, Cuba, in order to continue his investigation into yellow fever at the Army Medical Museum in Washington, D.C. The letter and order are dated January 17 and January 18, 1901. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Reed reports he is on duty at Columbia Barracks, Cuba for January 1901. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Special Orders #38 specifies Walter Reed as a member of the board of medical officers for the examination of candidates for admission to the Medical Corps of the Army. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Reed is directed to travel to Fort Monroe, Virginia, from Washington, D.C. and to return upon the completion of his duty there. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Reed provides a report of his assignments between June 30, 1900 and June 30, 1901 and lists his areas of expertise. Sternberg provides an efficiency report of Reed's performance. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Reed is detailed to represent the Medical Department of the Army at the annual meeting of the American Public Health Association in Buffalo, New York, from September 16 through September 20, 1901. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Smith requests that Walter Reed be detailed to attend a medical conference at Ann Arbor, Michigan in order to present a paper about his research on yellow fever. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Bishop requests, on behalf of Victor C. Vaughan, that Walter Reed be detailed to attend a medical conference at Ann Arbor, Michigan in order to present a paper on his yellow fever research. A copy of Vaughan's letter of October 23, 1901 is enclosed. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Hamilton requests that Root detail Walter Reed to attend a medical conference in Ann Arbor, Michigan, in order to present a paper on his yellow fever research. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Smith requests, on Victor C. Vaughan's behalf, that Root detail Walter Reed to attend a medical conference at Ann Arbor, Michigan in order to present a paper on his work with yellow fever. He encloses a copy of Victor C. Vaughan's letter of October 21, 1901. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Darragh requests that Root detail Walter Reed to attend a medical conference in Ann Arbor, Michigan in order to present a paper about his yellow fever research. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Sternberg states Reed cannot be spared from his duties as a professor in the Army Medical School to attend a medical conference in Michigan. A letter from the Adjutant General to R. P. Bishop informs him and copies the other congressmen who had petitioned the Secretary of War for Reed's attendance at the conference. Endorsements are also enclosed, dated October 31 and November 1, 1901. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Excerpt details orders, letters, and requests regarding Walter Reed's assignments from January 17, 1901 through November 1, 1901. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Walter Reed details his activities for the month of February 1901. He reports that he has returned from Havana and has resumed his duties as Curator of the Army Medical Museum. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Walter Reed details his activities for the month of March 1901. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Walter Reed details his activities for the month of April 1901. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Walter Reed details his activities for the month of May 1901. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Sternberg recommends that Walter Reed be ordered to go to Fort Monroe, Virginia on military business. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Walter Reed details his activities for the month of June 1901. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Walter Reed details his activities for the month of July 1901. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Mattingly acknowledges receiving Kean's note of purchases.
Reed mentions the sixth case of experimental yellow fever, and that volunteers have gone thirty-five days without contracting yellow fever in the infected clothing test. He describes the condition of a yellow fever case and an experiment with blood injection.
Reassures her; date of his return; safety of experiments; difficulties attendant on her visiting; he will return soon, in about five weeks.
Howard forwards to Reed a suggestion from Woldert regarding experimentation on mosquitoes. The actual suggestion, which was originally enclosed, is not included. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Reed discusses finances, and Emilie Lawrence Reed's loneliness. He reviews logistical questions regarding her possible visit to Cuba, and teases her.
Lawrence Reed describes New Year's parties at two Cuban sugar plantations. He laments Bessie's marriage.
Sternberg writes about the importance of scientific investigation.
Sternberg orders Reed to return to Washington. He also discusses Carroll's planned promotion and the necessity of Carroll's continued assignment in Cuba.
Howard informs Reed that Woldert recommends using kerosene to eradicate mosquitoes, and includes a postscript regarding the genus of the yellow fever mosquito. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Reed discusses finances and his plans for Keewaydin. He describes a visit inland and jokes about his weight.
Gorgas encloses and explains a map of the cases of yellow fever in the City of Havana for the year 1900. Two endorsements are included, January 14 and January 22, 1901. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Lawrence Reed responds to family news. His friend Cooke visits Washington.
Reed thanks Howard for sending him Woldert's suggestion about how best to use kerosene in eradicating mosquitoes, and asks for more information concerning the genus of the yellow fever mosquito. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Howard congratulates Reed on the success of his work and mentions he will quote Reed's work favorably in his upcoming lectures. He asks Reed to use care in saying anything about his connection with the kerosene remedy. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Sternberg recommends that Reed be sent back to Washington, D.C. from Havana, Cuba, in order to continue his investigation into yellow fever at the Army Medical Museum. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Jackson lists all the properties that make up the Post of Columbia Barracks, along with their rental information. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Reed discusses the army reorganization bill. He has finished his paper and remarks that the last experimental yellow fever cases are recovering.
Reed teases Emilie Lawrence Reed. She complains about the appearance of their house in Washington.
Scott informs Jackson that a $2 per diem allowance has been approved for Reed and for Carroll. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Howard indicates that he is not certain of the grounds for believing that there is another species of mosquito to be considered, but he makes a guess, and agrees that the distinction is important to Reed's work. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Special orders #22 specify that Kean is to travel to Washington, D.C. for an examination for promotion, and then to return to his post at Quemados, Cuba, when no longer required by the board. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Reed teases Emilie Lawrence Reed. His colleague McConnell will be visiting her. Reed mentions a drawing of mosquitos.
Reed teases Emilie Lawrence Reed. He will be leaving for Cuba in a week. Lawrence Reed's battalion has been ordered to move, either to the United States or to the Philippines, and he mentions that Lawrence has a Cuban girlfriend.
Reed gives permission for Kissinger to leave Camp Lazear for a visit to Havana from 6 AM until 5 PM on February 4, 1901.
Carroll notifies Howard that he is sending him a bumblebee, and he regrets that there are no flies available to send, as the place where he is has been completely sewered and disinfected. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Howard identifies the bee that Carroll had sent to him earlier, giving specifics about its range and habits. He looks forward to talking with Carroll and Reed about the success of the yellow fever experiments, and wishes them success in identifying the organism that causes yellow fever. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Reed arrives in Washington. He discusses an article for the Journal of the American Medical Association and comments on the editor's changes. No promotion for Carroll is forthcoming.
Kober sends Kelly extracts of a report, written by himself, entitled “Flies in the transmission of Typhoid”
Reed appreciates Carter's support. He admires Carter's work in Mississippi.
Fourteen patients are listed by name, place of birth, dates of illness and other details, for Camp Lazear, Columbia Barracks, Cuba.
Moran acknowledges receipt of a check.
Reed sends a reprint that Carter has requested, along with some other literature. He expresses interest in reading two articles, written by Carter, that have been recently published.
The collection finding aid does not list all of the items that are housed in this file.
This notarial document describes the purchase, by Ramon Gonzalez y Socorro, of the rural estate - called “Varona” or “Pineda” - owned by D. Ignacio Gonzalez Pinera y Santa Cruz. The estate is located at the edge of Marianao near the Columbia Barracks.
In Circular #5, Scott specifies how to prevent the spread of yellow fever and malaria at military posts by controlling mosquitoes, and instructs physicians how to monitor possible yellow fever patients.
The Surgeon General accepts the estimate the Gibson Bros. will charge for publishing 300 copies of the pamphlet, “The Etiology of Yellow Fever.”
Gibson Bros. informs Jones that the cost for “The Etiology of Yellow Fever” pamphlets will be $46.00.
Sternberg requests personal information from Agramonte, which Agramonte supplies on the lower half of the page before he returns the letter to Sternberg.
The Surgeon General forwards to Lord Julian Pauncefote twenty copies of the Report on the Etiology of Yellow Fever.
Havard requests information as to whether Agramonte has been relieved of his duties with the investigation, or whether he is available to assist the needs of his department as bacteriologist.
Pauncefote thanks the Surgeon General for sending to him the copies of the Report on the Etiology of Yellow Fever.
Sternberg recommends to the Adjutant General that Agramonte be relieved of his current duty and be directed to report to the commanding general, Department of Cuba, for re-assignment. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Special Orders #118 relieves Agramonte from duty as a member of the board of medical officers investigating infectious diseases. He is ordered to report to the commanding general, Department of Cuba, for assignment to duty.
Agramonte is relieved of his duties as a member board to investigate infectious diseases and is reassigned to duty in charge of the Department Laboratory at Municipal Hospital and microscopical and bacteriological work at Las Animas Hospital. Endorsements are dated May 21 through May 28, 1901. Special Orders #118 is included. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
The collection finding aid does not list all of the items that are housed in this file.
Ames certifies that Moran was diagnosed with yellow fever and was admitted to the Post Hospital on December 25, 1900 and was discharged on January 7, 1901. Members of the Yellow Fever Board also signed the certificate.
On behalf of the Department of State, Hay requests two copies of Sternberg's circular on yellow fever for the Portuguese Minister.
Sternberg sends two copies of “The Etiology of Yellow Fever” to the Secretary of State for transmission to the Portuguese Minister.
The Assistant Secretary of War sends two copies of “The Etiology of Yellow Fever.”
Reed considers Durham's work on a bacillus. Although there is no work for the Yellow Fever Board in Cuba at present, he advises Kean to maintain Camp Lazear. Reed discusses immunization against yellow fever.
Sparkman requests fifteen to twenty copies of “The Etiology of Yellow Fever” from Sternberg.
Sternberg sends Sparkmen ten copies of “The Etiology of Yellow Fever.”
Sparkman requests 150 to 200 copies of “The Etiology of Yellow Fever” for distribution. He believes several thousand copies should be distributed to southern States.
Sternberg can only spare a few more copies of “The Etiology of Yellow Fever” and does not have the authority to print several thousand copies. He proposes that Sparkman introduce a bill to Congress in order to print additional copies.
Sparkman encourages the printing of several thousand copies of “The Etiology of Yellow Fever” so that the people of the Gulf Coast can be informed of the mosquito theory. Sparkman realizes that it is very important that the yellow fever issue be cleared up, as there are numerous variant theories about the cause of yellow fever.
Havard assigns duties for Agramonte at Columbia Barracks. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Glennan reveals the costs of the new disinfecting building for the Shore Plant for the upcoming six months. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Howard thanks Carroll for the fresh mosquito eggs. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Circular #2, written in both English and Spanish, shows that the mosquito is responsible for the spread of disease, in particular yellow fever. The author outlines the necessary precautions that must be taken to prevent the spread of diseases by the mosquito. A summary of other Circulars regarding the spread of diseases is also included. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Reed discusses cultures of Bacillus Icteroides. He will send the cultures to Smith.
Havard reports on the health situation of the troops in Cuba for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1901.
Special Orders #164 promotes England to Acting Hospital Steward at Hamilton Barracks. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
The collection finding aid does not list all of the items that are housed in this file.
These letters and supporting documents concern the request by Caldas and Bellingaghi to demonstrate their yellow fever serum. Included are translations from original Spanish letters and recommendations from Caldas and Tellez. Havard requests a medical commission to examine these claims. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Havard introduces Caldas, a Brazilian scientist who is coming to Havana for experiments on yellow fever.
Sanger introduces Caldas, a Brazilian scientist who developed a yellow fever vaccine, to the Havana community. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Xavier informs Scott that Caldas, inventor of a yellow fever serum, wants to conduct experiments in Havana. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Amaral thanks the Military Governor of Cuba for his courtesy towards Caldas and Bellingaghi.
Havard reports on the claims of Caldas and Bellingaghi that they discovered a preventative and curative serum for yellow fever. Havard is skeptical because Caldas does not provide any information regarding his process of isolation and culture. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Caldas, in defense of his vaccine, outlines reasons for his diagnosis of septic fever rather than yellow fever for the volunteers who became sick after being infected with yellow fever. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Caldas describes the process to obtain serum and vaccine for yellow fever. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
This contract is a copy of the original contract made with non-immunes for Caldas' yellow-fever experiment. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Special Orders #166 relieves Lambert from duty at Camp Columbia. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Havard provides evidence that Caldas' and Bellingaghi's theories are unsound and should not be accepted. He includes a detailed time-line of events and a list of arguments to conclude his report against Caldas. Enclosed are charts, reports, and other documents used as evidence. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Chart plots temperature and pulse of a yellow fever volunteer after the use of the Caldas' vaccine. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
The clipping relates to Carlos E. Finlay and Walter Reed.
Forbes and De Lamar are relieved from duty at Columbia Barracks. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Scott directs Gorgas to increase the funding for Carroll's yellow fever research.
This article discusses the transmission of malaria.
Includes papers and reports such as the "President's Address ", by Benjamin Lee; "The Results of Yellow Fever Sanitation in Havana, Cuba, for the Year 1901 Up to September 1st, Carried on Upon the Basis that the Stegomyia Mosquito is the Sole Means of Its Transmission ", by William Crawford Gorgas; "Practical Discussion of Yellow Fever ", by Alvah H. Doty; and "Fomites and Yellow Fever ", by A. N. Bell.
Reed discusses Carroll's experiments, comments on Springer's involvement, and makes recommendations.
Carroll sends Howard a female mosquito collected near Las Animas Hospital.
Chittinden clarifies the species of mosquito that Carroll sent Howard on October 3rd, 1901.
Carroll sends Howard more samples of mosquitoes.
Kean encourages Reed to lobby for the office of Surgeon General.
Carroll reports positive results for the filtrate test.
These are original lists of men undergoing the yellow fever experiments, with an autograph note by Hench.
Chittinden clarifies the species of different mosquitoes sent to him by Carroll.
Kean explains why Dunshie was discharged from the medical corps.
Reed relays news of additional candidates for Surgeon General. He believes Kean should be Surgeon General instead of himself because he is concerned about his age.
Jefferson Randolph Kean supports the appointment of Walter Reed as the new surgeon general.
Kean offers Reed continued encouragement and strategy for the Surgeon General's post.
Howard thanks Reed for the copies of two papers on yellow fever. He then corrects Reed on the proper way to spell out fasciata Stegomyia. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
The orders relate to a man named John J. Moran, but not the same John J. Moran who was involved with the yellow fever experiments.
Wood advocates a pension for Mabel Houston Lazear.
Special Orders #10 orders England and Sonntag to experimental camp with Walter Reed. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
These selections from Rojas' daybook concern the rent for Camp Lazear.
This is an outline, organized chronologically, of Kean's experience with the Yellow Fever Commission.
Kean requests funds for Camp Lazear. Included is a note by [Truby]. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
The collection finding aid does not list all of the items that are housed in this file.
Special Orders #119 relieves Agramonte from duty as a member of the board of medical officers appointed in 1900. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Special Orders #117 assigns Agramonte to duty at Las Animas Hospital. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Special Orders #134 details Agramonte to visit Columbia Barracks four times a week. Included is a note by [Truby]. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Special Orders #153 relieves Agramonte from duty at Las Animas Hospital. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Special Orders #161 grants Agramonte a leave of absence for one month. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
The collection finding aid does not list all of the items that are housed in this file.
Special Orders #31 orders Carroll to report to Washington, D. C. for duty in the pathological laboratory of the Army Medical Museum. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Special Orders #172 orders Carroll to Havana to continue the investigation of yellow fever. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Havard authorizes Carroll to continue investigations. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Corbin informs Wood that Carroll is to return to Washington, D. C. no later than November 1, 1901. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Special Orders #226 directs Carroll to return to Washington, D. C. no later than November 1, 1901. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
The collection finding aid does not list all of the items that are housed in this file.
General Orders #10 lists military stations and various ranks for Edmunds up to his death by yellow fever on June 18, 1901. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Special Orders #27 orders Cooke to Camp Mackenzie for duty. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Special Orders #27 elects Stark to a board of officers. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Special Orders #31, Headquarters of the Army, assigns Ross to duty in Havana. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Special Orders #54 directs Kean to Columbia Barracks in order to relieve Stark. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Special Orders #31, Headquarters Department of Cuba, directs Neate and Carroll to Washington, D. C. for duty in the Army Medical Museum. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Special Orders #32 details Springer to the Army Medical Museum in Washington, D. C. and Colby to Camp Mackenzie, Cuba. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Jackson reports on the condition of “Johnny's Place” which has been inspected by Echeverria. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Special Orders #184 directs Ames to assist Carroll at Las Animas Hospital and Carroll to continue with investigation. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Special Orders #230 transfers privates Hamann and Covington to the hospital at Columbia Barracks. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
The Yellow Fever Commission examines Ole A. Jensen and pronounces his illness as yellow fever. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
The Yellow Fever Commission examines potential cases of yellow fever at Morro 58. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
The commission examines potential cases of yellow fever at Las Animas Hospital. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
The commission examines cases of potential yellow fever at Las Animas Hospital. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
The commission examines cases of yellow fever at Las Animas Hospital and Benefica. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
The commission examines cases of yellow fever at Las Animas Hospital. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
The commission examines cases of yellow fever at San La zaro, Cuba. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
The commission examines cases of yellow fever at Las Animas Hospital. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
This is a list of twelve U.S. Army Hospital Corps members who were stationed at Camp Lazear.
The record card explains Walter Reed's leave of absence for 1901, with reference to an unexplained absence from his post as member of the Army Medical Examining Board. The report also states that Reed is personally and professionally humiliated by this inquiry. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
These three notes list the human-experiment volunteers who were exposed to fomites, infected by injections of blood, and infected by mosquitoes.
This is Moran's account of his experience with the Yellow Fever Commission as a human test subject.
Information in the article relates to the 1901 Nobel Prize winners.
Kean discusses La Garde's and Havard's candidacy for Surgeon General. There is a question of General Wood's support.
Kean provides news concerning the Surgeon General position. He has had a conversation with General Wood. Reed should return to Cuba.
Gorgas discusses Reed's success with Carlos Finlay's mosquito theory. Gorgas would like a post in Panama after Cuba.
Beach reports that government vehicles may not be used for private purposes, i.e. entertainment.
Kean requests a copy of the orders forbidding private use of government vehicles.
Howard responds to Reed's most recent letter, and discusses the notion of insects affecting both humans and domestic animals. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Benis thanks Kean for his assistance in public health projects.
The Surgeon General informs Agramonte that his contract is over with the U. S. Army on April 30, 1902.
Kean writes about Lena A. Warner's refusal to care for an officer's wife.
[Kean] writes an endorsement concerning modifications to orders for the Superior Sanitary Board.
Gorgas informs [Sternberg] that Agramonte will be relieved of duty May 15, 1902.
Root thanks Osler for his letter supporting Reed for nomination to the post of Surgeon General. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Cortelyou sends endorsements from the President concerning Reed succeeding Sternberg as the Surgeon General. The President also mentions O'Reilly. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Root acknowledges receipt of recommendations from the Faculty of Medicine at Harvard University for the nomination of Reed to the position of Surgeon General. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Root acknowledges receipt of Martin's recommendation for the nomination of Reed to the position of Surgeon General. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Root acknowledges receipt of Welch's recommendation for the nomination of Reed to the position of Surgeon General. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Reed asks for news of Keewaydin. He and Kean continue the campaign for Surgeon General.
Reed meets Kean. Reed hopes to get to Blue Ridge Summit (Keewaydin)soon. He describes boarding house meals.
Reed promises to bring Emilie Lawrence Reed the money she needs to meet their expenses.
Reed writes that the boarding house fare has improved, though the coffee is still not good. Forwood tells Reed that his chances are excellent for a permanent appointment to be the Surgeon General.
Reed writes that he is returning to Cuba, and includes other political news about those who are candidates for Surgeon General. He says Roach's orchards are alive with locusts and expresses concern.
Reed gently upbraids his wife for not writing him daily and comments on the orchards.
Reed writes that the shipments are on their way to her. He is leaving for Boston, is looking forward to a reunion with his Cuban colleagues, and concludes with news of Forwood's confirmation.
Reed writes of his trip to Boston. He describes his hotel and the arrival of friends.
Reed writes about last night's grand dinner where he was given the second place of honor at dinner in recognition of his work, above men who awed him. He is distressed to learn about their fruit trees.
Reed is devastated to learn that their orchard is crawling with locusts. Reed hears that the President is highly complimentary of him. He will be coming home soon.
Reed writes concerning B. Icteroides and hog cholera, and the observations of microorganisms. He notes the affected populations' presence in Cuba. He appreciates congratulations for his honorary Harvard degree.
Crossby relates Mahan's condition regarding malaria and other diseases.
Agramonte forwards his contract of annulment with the U. S. Army and discusses reimbursement for mileage traveled since annulment. He also requests a certificate of non-indebtedness.
The collection finding aid does not list all of the items that are housed in this file.
The efficiency report for Reed covers the fiscal year ending June 30, 1902. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
O'Reilly requests that Reed be ordered to Fisher's Island, New York, to investigate an outbreak of typhoid fever among the troops. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Special Orders #258 orders Reed to Fort H. G. Wright, New York, to investigate an outbreak of typhoid. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Black acknowledges that he has received the instructions regarding the military escort for Reed's funeral. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
The Secretary of War details the arrangements for Reed's funeral procession.
This routine form filed upon the death of any military personnel is for Walter Reed. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Inventory of goods on Reed's person at the time of his death. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
These documents detail the entire military history of Reed. They also include announcements of Reed's death. The documents are dated November 1, 1902 through December 8, 1902. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
This document provides details about the members of the Yellow Fever Commission and lists all the volunteers for the yellow fever experiments. There is also a motion to provide a better monetary reward to these volunteers. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Endorsements requests history and personal description of Reed, along with information on next of kin. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
This handwritten account of Reed's military history includes a listing of his military orders from 1875 through 1894. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Reed requests that her husband's letters about his laudatory character be sent to her. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
This document summarizes evaluations by inspectors and commanding officers about the work performed by Reed. Many of Reed's superiors give him an excellent rating and find him to be a competent medical officer. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
This document summarizes Reed's promotions and military stations. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Photostat of page 411 of Carter's copy of Finlay's Selected Works. Included are notes by Hench.
Reed writes a satirical letter concerning the appointment of the new Surgeon General, staff changes, and Kean's new position.
This report documents yellow fever cases in the Army for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1902.
Reed approves and endorses Carroll's application for admission into the Medical Corps of the Army. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
La Garde writes a letter of recommendation for Carroll who is applying for admission into the Medical Corps of the Army. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Kean writes a letter of recommendation for Carroll who is applying for admission into the Medical Corps of the Army. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Carroll requests admission into the Medical Corps of the Army. He gives a brief summary of his career as a non-commissioned officer and a contract surgeon, and his terms at medical school. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Reed writes about his conference with O'Reilly from the War Department. Kean and his family are moving-in nearby. He comments on Smart becoming the Chief Surgeon of the Philippines.
Carroll's application into the Medical Corps of the Army is approved, although Carroll is technically too old. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
O'Reilly informs Carroll that his application for appointment in the Medical Corps has been approved and that the age limit will be waived. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Carroll is to report to Dewitt for examination before the Army Medical Board. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Carroll submits his personal history to the Medical Board for part of his examination for the Army Medical Corps. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Reed turns down an invitation to speak at Flexner's Pathological Society in Philadelphia.
Howard wants to borrow a photograph of Lazear from Carroll in order to have a slide made. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Howard asks Carroll for extra copies of his paper on the yellow fever mosquito. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Borden announces the time and cause of Reed's death. Endorsements by O'Reilly are included. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Sternberg lists the military posts and stations served by Reed as reported by the records of the Surgeon General.
Surgeon General's Records listing military and personal history for Reed until June 2, 1902.
Telegram relates to furnishing escort for Walter Reed's funeral.
Borden certifies that Reed died in the line of duty. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Christopher Reed provides a story of young Walter Reed in Brooklyn, where he was frustrated by malpractice in the medical profession.
Kean discusses a strategy to lobby Congress to approve a pension for Emilie Lawrence Reed.
Kean's remarks about Reed portray him as a great storyteller and as a doctor making heroic house-calls during his "Dakota winters".
[Kean?] comments on the paucity of public praise that Reed has received. He maintains that his work should be recognized by the United States government, and ends with a call for a generous pension to Emilie Lawrence Reed.
Gorgas details mosquito larvae inspections, from December 1901 to December 1902.
The collection finding aid does not list all of the items that are housed in this file.
The report recognizes the work of Reed, Gorgas, Kean, Carroll, and Lazear.
This excerpt discusses Reed's medical work and gives a listing of each publication authored by Reed.
This booklet contains extracts and resolutions honoring Walter Reed furnished by various individuals and institutions.
Carroll asks to borrow a journal from Howard that is not in the library. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Kean solicits support for pension bills in Congress. He discusses biographical essays on Walter Reed by himself and Kelly.
Letter relates to $45 owed by Aristides Agramonte to the War Department.
Vaughan requests that a letter in support of the pension bill be sent to the Washington Post.
Kean encourages Kelly to support the pension bill with a letter to the Washington Post.
Blincoe provides recollections of Walter Reed's childhood.
Blincoe provides recollections of Walter Reed, and includes a transcription of Thomas Reed's letter.
Agramonte is hired for temporary service at Columbia Barracks.
Letter relates to $45 claimed by War Department.
Wood gives a history of the American occupation in Cuba and discusses the yellow fever outbreak and consequent investigation by Reed and Lazear. Article appears in “The Annals of the American Academy.” Only pages 16 and 17 are included.
The work is critical of article by James Carroll which disputes Carlos Finlay's claim to proof of mosquito theory.
Christopher Reed gives his account of Walter Reed's childhood.
Agramonte is informed that his contract as surgeon will terminate June 15, 1903.
Carroll writes that Agramonte was not present at the meeting where self-inoculation was discussed by Reed, Carroll and Lazear. Furthermore, he was only informed about the results of the experiments when Reed was about to leave Cuba, in October of 1900. He maintains that Finlay should not be awarded credit for the discovery of the mosquito theory.
News of the Week
Carroll thanks Howard for the eggs and mosquitoes. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Howard sends Carroll eggs of Stegomyia and more mosquitoes. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Carroll thanks Howard for the boxes of Stegomyia eggs. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Blincoe provides recollections of Walter Reed as a youth. She gives the family genealogy and a description of the house in Gloucester County, Virginia, where Reed was born.
Howard is concerned about Carroll's reaction to the statement in Century Magazine about Finlay producing three cases of mild fever. Howard is investigating the matter further. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
These selections from presentations given at the 1903 annual meeting of the American Public Health Association concern the scientific reception of the Yellow Fever Commission's work, particularly the etiology of yellow fever, quarantine procedures, and the discovery of the role of the mosquito. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
O'Reilly reports about the state of yellow fever in the United States and foreign territories, and claims that it will not be a factor for health concerns in the future. He also includes a chart which details the admissions of important diseases by months for 1902. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
A preamble to the bill about to be presented to Congress grants Emilie Lawrence Reed a yearly pension of $4,000. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Walker requests a statement of service regarding Reed. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Corbin sends a statement of military service of Reed to the Committee on Pensions regarding Senate Bill #6702. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
The Auditor for the War Department requests a statement of military service for Reed. They are deciding if Reed is accountable for medical property. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
These endorsements from the Surgeon General's Office regard the audit of Walter Reed following his death and requests for Reed's photograph and service record. The endorsements are dated January 16, 1903 through October 12, 1903. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Stark presents a paper about the measures taken by Reed and his commission to prove it was the mosquito, and not fomites, that was responsible for the spread of yellow fever. Published in The University of Virginia Alumni Bulletin, vol. 3.
This document concerns the work of Walter Reed.
This obituary of Reed, which appeared in the "Journal of the American Medical Association," describes his education, career, and contributions to medicine.
The list of Reed's publications includes articles on Trikresol, typhoid fever, variola, bacillus icteroides and bacillus cholerae suis, and yellow fever.
Christopher Reed provides a biographical sketch of Walter Reed written.
Report of yellow fever at Laredo, Texas and among troops at Ft. Mcintosh, Texas.
Carroll presents his autobiography. He includes a note on immunity to yellow fever.
Godfrey is commended for his courageous act during a fire at Fort Apache, Arizona. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Gorgas hires Moran as sanitary inspector for the Panama Canal Zone.
The President of Panama, Manuel Amador Guerrero, invests the Canal Zone Sanitary Officer with full sanitary authority for Panama City and Colon.
Walker relates the terms of Moran's appointment to the sanitary staff of the Panama Canal Zone.
Moran is appointed clerk in the Canal Zone Health Department.
Gorgas writes about the Canal Zone Sanitary Commission, and his wife's illness.
Ames objects to the inadequate recognition given to Carroll, Lazear, and Agramonte for their yellow fever work.
Wyman forwards references on yellow fever to Kelly.
Kean forwards Kelly information about Walter Reed for Kelly's biography.
Maury forwards Kelly a book on the yellow fever epidemic of 1878, as well as journal references. Maury contacts Lena Warner, a yellow fever survivor, for her recollections.
Porter confesses he was only a general colleague of Walter Reed, so he is unable to provide much information for Kelly's biography of Reed.
Warner writes about the unreported side of the yellow fever epidemic, including her own experiences during an 1878 outbreak in her hometown.
Kean states that Reed did not give up his life demonstrating the mosquito theory. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Wood attributes the mosquito theory principally to Walter Reed. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
O'Reilly reports on the cases of yellow fever in the Army, and is concerned about the transmission of the disease from Mexico into Texas.
English translation included with the original.
This is a list of subscribers, possibly related to the Walter Reed Memorial.
Gorgas writes about his own work with the Canal Zone Sanitary Commission.
Letter relates to Carlos Finlay's mosquito theory.
Kent provides the dates of Walter Reed's attendance at the University of Virginia, as well as other biographical references.
This report was prepared for the Smithsonian Institution and includes autographed notes.
Hurd shares his recollections of Walter Reed at Johns Hopkins and later.
Gorgas writes to Reed concerning the organization of the Canal Zone Sanitary Department, and details problems in its function. Memorandum details the problems in the Panama Canal.
Mason reports on the Panama Canal Zone Sanitary Department activities with appendices: A - plan of action; B - departmental organization; C - free distribution of quinine.
Gorgas describes the achievements of the Panama Canal Zone Sanitary Department.
This article discusses mosquito control efforts in Panama around the Canal Zone.
The post card includes the caption 'Colonel Gorgas Mosquito Brigade. The Gang that made Panama healthy'.
The writer informs Kelly about a yellow fever epidemic in Norfolk, Virginia, in 1855.
Thomas writes about a yellow fever epidemic in Wilmington, North Carolina, in 1862.
Carroll presents a chronology of Walter Reed's involvement with the Yellow Fever Commission. Carroll gives his own autobiography and provides information on the other participants in the study.
Borden provides details of the surgical operation for appendicitis that immediately preceded Walter Reed's death.
Agramonte writes about the responsibilities of the Yellow Fever Commission members, and gives a brief chronology of their activities.
Taft details the requirements for the completion of the Panama Canal and the need to reorganize the Canal Commission.
Kelly asks Cullen to assist Sears.
This is the program for an evening in honor of Walter Reed, who was once an intern at the hospital. The cover is autographed.
Roosevelt reorganizes the Panama Canal Commission.
Gorgas responds to criticisms of Charles A. Reed. He presents an analysis of the Canal Zone Commission organization.
Contains the article, Discusses Mosquito
Mosquito
Matas provides references on yellow fever, and gives information on his own work and experience with the disease.
Gorgas requests that Ira A. Shimer be assigned to the Sanitary Corps.
The Chief Sanitary Officer requests that Shimer be assigned duty in the Sanitary Department.
Gorgas reports on yellow fever cases in the Canal Zone, as well as administrative issues.
Farshish writes the editor to correct what he thinks is misinformation in Kelly's article about the earliest documented reference of insects carrying disease. Farshish challenges Kelly with references from the Talmud and Midroshic Literature.
Gorgas lists yellow fever patients to date in the Panama Canal Zone.
Gorgas asks LaGarde, the superintendent of Ancon Hospital, to resign.
La Garde requests to be relieved from duty.
Magoon writes about yellow fever cases in the Canal Zone. He makes an official offer of full financial and manpower support for Gorgas to eradicate the disease.
Gorgas requests assignment of John W. Phillips for duty in the Canal Zone Sanitary Department.
Gorgas describes cases of yellow fever in the Canal Zone, and the reaction to the new Sanitary Commission.
Gorgas requests the assignment of Raeder for duty as a nurse in the Canal Zone Sanitary Department.
Smith explains the importance of the Reed's work with the Yellow Fever Commission and asks that his accomplishments be publicized. He includes an article on Reed's work, distributed by the New Orleans & North-Eastern Railroad Company, the Alabama & Vicksburg Railway Company, and the Vicksburg, Shreveport & Pacific Railway Company.
Article on Reed's work, distributed by the New Orleans & North-Eastern Railroad Company, the Alabama & Vicksburg Railway Company, and the Vicksburg, Shreveport & Pacific Railway Company.
Carroll is asked to communicate with Owens about Reed's work in Cuba. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Gorgas reports on conditions in Panama regarding yellow fever and malaria. He recommends that the Nobel Prize be given to America.
Proceedings of the 31st meeting of the American Public Health Association, including “Lessons to be Learned from the Present Outbreak of Yellow Fever in Louisiana” by James Carroll, “Some New Points in the Etiology and Symptomatology of Yellow Fever” by Juan Guiteras, “Yellow Fever in Mexico” by Eduardo Liceaga, and the “Official Report of the Proceedings....”.
This order establishes that the Army General Hospital in the District of Columbia be named the Walter Reed United States Army General Hospital, in honor of Reed.
Guiteras responds to negative publicity about sanitary work in Panama. He states that neglect of mosquito work in the American South is the result of “moneyed interests”. He offers favorable recollections of Walter Reed.
Hurd writes with suggestions for changes to Kelly's manuscript on the life of Walter Reed.
Howard saw many things on his trip to New Orleans that would greatly interest Carroll. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Howard forwards to Kelly statistics on yellow fever cases from New Orleans epidemics.
Welch provides journal article references on yellow fever.
These excerpts regard the erection of a tablet to Walter Reed at Kings County Hospital, Brooklyn, New York. There is also a request to see if a memorial will be built to Reed in Chicago, Illinois. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
This translation [from Sanskrit] of Blake's report details ancient references to yellow fever and transmission by mosquitos.
Howard requests that Carroll send his papers on yellow fever to a professor in Indiana. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
DeWitt solicits contributions to the Walter Reed Memorial Association.
This form letter from DeWitt solicits contributions to the Walter Reed Memorial Association.
This form letter from DeWitt solicits contributions to the Walter Reed Memorial Association.
This document solicits contributions to the Walter Reed Memorial Association, and also provide list of existing members and contributions.
This document solicits contributions to the Walter Reed Memorial Association, and also provide list of existing members and contributions.
Carroll gives a history of yellow fever in Baltimore and the debates that ensued among physicians as to whether yellow fever was contagious or not. Published in “The Hospital Bulletin” by The Hospital Bulletin Company of the University of Maryland.
Blincoe sends Latimer the obituary of Laura Reed Blincoe, who was Walter Reed's sister.
Blincoe sends Latimer the obituary of Laura Reed Blincoe, who was Walter Reed's sister.
Emilie Lawrence Reed thanks Kelly for his biography of Walter Reed. She is highly complimentary.
Carroll comments on Kelly's manuscript. He corrects errors of fact, and objects to the attention given Reed to the detriment of himself, Lazear, and the rest of the Yellow Fever Commission.
Carroll will provide Kelly with letters for his biography of Reed. Carroll anticipates writing a defense of himself only if necessary.
Carroll gives Latimer permission to quote from letters that he provided to her. He objects to their characterization of his work after Walter Reed's experiments.
Carroll gives Latimer permission to retain his letters until the fall, and gives her references to journal articles.
Emilie Lawrence Reed thanks Latimer for a review of Kelly's biography of Walter Reed, and for her work with Kelly on the book.
Kean informs Carroll that efforts are being made for Carroll to receive some substantial recognition for his services with the Yellow Fever Commission. Included are notes by Truby. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Truby discusses Carroll's career.
Carroll gives a detailed report about his involvement with the yellow fever project in Cuba and the necessity of having human volunteers. He also provides a listing of his publications. Included are notes by Truby. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Carroll writes about the Yellow Fever Board's determination to investigate the mosquito theory. Carroll claims that he first proposed Board inoculate themselves. Included is an apparent draft, with autograph notations, and a final copy of the same letter.
Carroll appeals to Kelly to consider Carroll's own statement of the facts concerning the responsibilities and actions of the Yellow Fever Board members. Carroll objects to Kean's version of the events and to Kelly's assertions in his book.
Carroll will meet Latimer to discuss Kelly's book. Carroll offers corrections, and states that Lazear's work is not given due credit.
Taft writes that Kean has been detailed to assist Finlay in stamping out yellow fever in Cuba.
Carroll requests that Latimer return his letters. He grants Latimer permission to copy or borrow them again.
Carroll thanks Latimer for the prompt return of his letters. He has discovered three more letters from Walter Reed and makes them all available to Latimer and Kelly.
Carroll forwards to Kelly his account of the autopsy of the first fatal case in his yellow fever experiments.
Kelly requests his father's opinion concerning a name in his biography of Reed.
Kelly's father writes that he is glad he has returned home.
Howard provides his recollections of Reed and the formation of the Walter Reed Memorial Association.
This review, which appeared in "The Journal of Insanity," praises Kelly's biography of Walter Reed.
Kelly requests to see Reed's account of the experiments, which had been mailed to Howard. A plaque for Walter Reed at King's County Hospital, in Brooklyn, will be dedicated.
Howard sends Kelly copies of two letters from Reed.
Carroll forwards Kelly two photographs. He states that he will not attend the Walter Reed Memorial Association dinner in Brooklyn.
Reed wires that Moran is employed in Panama, and thus cannot accept a position in Havana.
Harvey is asked to attend, on behalf of the Corps, the dedication of the bronze memorial tablet in honor of Walter Reed at Kings County Hospital, Brooklyn, New York. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Carroll claims that Reed, Stark, Kean, and another unnamed man colluded to promote Stark over him. He believes this was because Kean was not appointed to the Yellow Fever Board after Lazear's death.
Dickinson proposes an alteration to the text of Kelly's book concerning Brooklyn Hospital. Dickinson provides a quotation from the hospital minutes of 1871 regarding Walter Reed's appointment.
Roosevelt, O'Reilly, and McCaw make statements about the value of the yellow fever experiments to humanity. A detailed history of the project is given, along with mention of all the individuals involved, including a listing of all the volunteers in the project. Numerous quotations are cited from various speeches and memorials dedicated to Walter Reed. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
[Kelly] offers his views about the credit due Carroll. Kelly proposes to support Carroll's promotion on the basis of his merits alone without diminishing the role played by Reed.
Convening of Medical Legislative Council delayed; unable to meet recipient [letter incomplete].
Von Mansfelde agrees in principle with Kelly, but will not cease promoting Carroll. He suggests Kelly write the Secretary of Agriculture and Senator Dirk.
This article, which appeared in the "Medical Record," discusses efforts to erect a monument to Walter Reed.
Carroll requests the return of his letter describing a post mortem exam.
This brief review, which appeared in the "Army Navy Journal," discusses Kelly's biography of Walter Reed.
This review, which appeared in the "Medical Press," praises Kelly's biography of Walter Reed.
This review, which appeared in the "St. Louis Medical Review," praises Kelly's biography of Walter Reed.
This article, which appeared in "Outlook," deals with Kelly's biography of Walter Reed.
O'Reilly responds to Sterling's request for information about the career and promotion of Walter Reed. There is also concern about the article “The Public's Forgetfulness” which will be forwarded to the President. The record card is dated from May 5, 1906 to August 15, 1906.[Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Kelly will help Carroll, but not to the detriment of Reed. Kelly asks von Mansfelde to send him any worthy names for a Cyclopedia of American Medical Biography that he is compiling.
Carroll sends a note of gratitude for Kelly's letter to Secretary Wilson.
Includes Howard Atwood Kelley's article, "The Lesson of Little Things: The Conquest of Yellow Fever ".
These minutes include a discussion of the failure of Congress to pass a bill to provide financial relief to James Carroll's family.
Roosevelt advocates establishment of peace and order in Cuba, and rejects the idea of a U.S. protectorate there. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Berry claims Roger P. Ames had important role in the yellow fever experiments.
This report concerns James Carroll.
Moran provides his autobiography, including his experiences as a participant in the yellow fever experiments.
Stewart praises Kelly's book. He suggests corrections for clarification, and notes that he would emphasize the role of the Public Health Service.
Fulton encloses an editorial proof from the Maryland Medical Journal in support of the Carroll pension bill.
This editorial lauds Carroll's achievements and supports the funding of a pension for his widow.
The telegram deals with the James Carroll's promotion to Major, and is then followed by a biographical article about him. [missing pages 1 - 3 of 5].
O'Reilly informs Meade that the Walter Reed Memorial Fund has increased Emilie Lawrence Reed's pension, that James Carroll has been promoted to Major, and that Mabel H. Lazear has been minimally compensated for her husband's work. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Letter relates to the amount of money offered to Moran for volunteering to participate in the yellow fever experiment.
Dean writes about the financial and physical condition of Kissinger (a yellow fever experiment patient) and discusses a pension bill for him in Congress.
The article, which appeared in "Outlook," outlines Kissinger's contribution to the yellow fever work and appeals for financial contributions for his care.
Letter relates to the credit to all those associated with the yellow fever experiments.
Chrystie sends a contribution for Kissinger.
Hall sends a contribution for Kissinger.
Rittenhouse sends a contribution for Kissinger.
Morgan requests Kissinger's address and mentions the Shut-in Society, which provides wheelchairs to needy persons.
Jackson sends a contribution for Kissinger. Her husband knew Kissinger as a hospital attendant.
Senter sends a contribution for Kissinger.
Wilson sends a contribution for Kissinger.
The Editors of Outlook forward a contribution for Kissinger to Kelly.
Hall sends a contribution for Kissinger.
The collection finding aid does not list all of the items that are housed in this file.
The mayor of Cienfuegos announces, in light of an outbreak of yellow fever, that all water containers must be brought up to code within 48 hours.
This note encloses a contribution for Kissinger, and mentions the Outlook essay.
Questions of the Day
Osgood sends a contribution for Kissinger.
Carroll thanks Kelly for his letter of sympathy. She will loan him a photograph of her late husband.
Kissinger expresses gratitude for the letters supporting him.
Cushing writes about plans to speak at a meeting in support of Jennie Carroll.
Carroll thanks Latimer for her sympathy. She notes additional speakers for the meeting at Johns Hopkins.
Skinner writes that he will attend a meeting at the Maryland Club. He expresses his sentiments for Carroll.
King comments on the Maryland Club meeting and thanks Hill for some literature on drainage.
Hill apologizes for his and King's absence from the Maryland Club meeting.
King honors Carroll and others. He lays emphasis on his contribution to national health. He supports a pension.
Donnally thanks Kelly for his fairness to Carroll.
Price writes about Carroll's experience in the military, particularly under the command of his father. He corrects misconceptions regarding his father's role in Carroll's career.
King responds to questions regarding publications of the Philosophical Society. He makes reference to a Smithsonian Institution report.
Kelly requests permission to publish a letter from Carroll stating that Guiteras refused permission to take blood for the yellow fever experiments. Guiteras responds - in a autograph note on the same document - that he had no authority to permit or prevent Carroll from proceeding as he wished.
This document describes Carroll's various postings, beginning in September 1883, and includes evaluations of his performance by several commanding officers. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
This document gives names and contribution amounts for the Kissinger Relief Fund.
Von Mansfelde requests a copy of the program for the Carroll Memorial Dinner and a copy of the letter von Mansfelde wrote Kelly regarding Carroll's promotion. Von Mansfelde adds that he is continuing to work for pensions for the widows of Lazear and Carroll.
Mead, on behalf of the Merchants' Association of New York, expresses support for the Carroll and Lazear pension bills.
This act increases the pension provided to Mabel Lazear.
The writer acknowledges the receipt of a letter concerning Kissinger's pension increase. Kelly awaits instructions for further assistance.
Hill comments on a strategy to lobby Congress for pension bills.
Booth notes the actions taken for Kissinger's pension and her attentions to the Kissinger family.
This pamphlet details preventative measures against yellow fever, especially the control of mosquitos.
Kissinger requests an article on yellow fever experimentation from Kelly.
Kissinger writes about his improved finances, his ill health, and his gratitude for the many contributions.
Kissinger thanks Kelly for his financial support.
The Kissingers thank Kelly for his continued support.
John Kissinger's back problems are limiting his activity.
Ida Kissinger profusely thanks Kelly for the latest check and claims that his continued friendship is more important than the money.
This is a typed copy of a correspondence from July 6, 1907, but includes a financial statement at the bottom of the letter not contained in the original autograph version.
The Kissingers thank Kelly for his financial support. John Kissinger does not regret taking part in the experiment.
Ida Kissinger thanks Kelly for his financial support and notes that John Kissinger's health fails him at times.
Ida Kissinger discusses John Kissinger's pension and thanks Kelly.
Ireland writes that the New York Merchants' Association will offer assistance to Mabel H. Lazear. Ireland also discusses Kissinger.
Booth offers assistance to the Kissinger family.
Denby makes a contribution to the fund for Kissinger. As a member of Congress, he offers to introduce a bill in the House of Representatives. Included at the end of the letter is a reply from [Kelly] to Denby, on September 4, 1907, thanking him for his contribution.
Booth writes to Kelly regarding efforts to secure a pension for Kissinger.
Booth writes to Kelly regarding efforts to secure a pension for Kissinger.
Kelly discusses Denby's offer to initiate a pension bill for Kissinger.
Denby discusses strategy for introducing the pension bill for Kissinger.
[Latimer] thanks Denby for his efforts regarding the Kissinger pension bill.
[Latimer] notes that Kissinger already receives a small annual pension.
Denby inquires about Kissinger's existing pension.
Wilson writes to the Editor concerning the situation of Kissinger. She hopes that something can be done for him.
Kissinger provides Wilson with his address and relates his circumstances.
Wilson relays Kissinger's situation to Kelly.
Arnold defends the reputation of Ross.
Kelly discusses the conflict between Carroll and Guiteras.
The writer offers a political explanation for Ross's actions.
Ross explains his and Guiteras's position regarding Carroll.
Ross writes to Kelly to clarify his position in regards to an unnamed incident involving Carroll. He stresses that Gorgas was the commanding officer at the time of the incident.
Ross writes to Gorgas concerning the debate between Carroll and himself. He includes a note explaining his side of the story.
Gorgas confirms Ross's story concerning Carroll and Guiteras.
Gorgas writes to Kelly that Ross, not Guiteras, was the director of Las Animas Hospital.
The record card includes several requests for photographs or paintings of Reed, along with information regarding his uniform. The record card is dated from January 25, 1907 through August 15, 1907. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Winifred Lyster sends a contribution for Kissinger.
Wallace sends a contribution for Kissinger.
Christensen sends a contribution for Kissinger.
Morgan sends a contribution for Kissinger.
Minturn sends a contribution for Kissinger.
McKnight sends a contribution for Kissinger.
Kleberg sends a contribution for Kissinger.
Getman sends a contribution for Kissinger.
Duffield sends a contribution for Kissinger.
Hamlin refers to the Outlook article on the Kissingers.
McCutchen sends a contribution for Kissinger.
Sherman sends a contribution for Kissinger.
Sanford sends a contribution for Kissinger.
Spooner sends a contribution for Kissinger.
Hawkins sends a contribution for Kissinger.
Blackwood sends a contribution for Kissinger.
Ropes sends a contribution for Kissinger.
Penrose sends a contribution for Kissinger.
The writer sends a contribution for Kissinger.
Gilman sends a contribution for Kissinger.
Hinkle sends a contribution for Kissinger.
Otis sends a contribution for Kissinger.
Babcock sends a contribution for Kissinger.
Kimball sends a contribution for Kissinger.
Wingate sends a contribution for Kissinger.
Keen sends a contribution for Kissinger.
Wilson sends a contribution for Kissinger.
The writer sends a contribution for Kissinger.
Dorothy and James send a contribution for Kissinger.
Kennedy sends a contribution for Kissinger.
Bonham sends a contribution for Kissinger.
Butcher sends a contribution for Kissinger.
Gould sends a contribution for Kissinger.
The writer sends a contribution for Kissinger.
Thomas sends a contribution for Kissinger.
Frye sends a contribution for Kissinger.
Goldbacher sends a contribution for Kissinger.
Sturgis sends a contribution for Kissinger.
Flexner has copied one of Walter Reed's letters for Kelly.
Price thanks Kelly for submitting a deposition in support of a pension for Jennie Carroll.
Price requests that Kelly make a deposition in support of a pension for Jennie Carroll.
Hurd agrees with Kelly that Carroll's obituary overstates his accomplishments.
Gorgas presents an article to the Canal Zone Medical Association on work done in Cuba and Panama to eradicate yellow fever.
Spanish translation of article, by Dr. Darlington, originally appearing in the “New York Daily News.”
O'Reilly confirms that his office has no objection to the approval of a bill that proposes increasing the pensions being provided for Jennie Carroll and Mabel H. Lazear. The letter is accompanied by a partial copy of Report No. 431 of the 60th Congress, which specifies the rationale for the proposed bill. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
The extracts from Agramonte's article detail Beauperthuy's work with mosquitos as disease vectors. The extracts from Boyce's report [in French] also deal with mosquitos and their connections to yellow fever.
The Kissingers fear they may have offended Kelly.
Magoon urges Amesse to support an end to the quarantine of Cuba, arguing that there is no danger to the United States.
The writer asks Wilmot to consider supplementing Kissinger's pension.
Finlay details actions taken to prevent yellow fever.
Gorgas writes to O'Reilly concerning the administrative reorganizations in the Panama Canal Zone. He offers a political analysis of the situation.
Finlay discusses recent cases of yellow fever, in Santiago and Daiquiri, in order to quell rumors of massive outbreaks.
Ernst seeks advice on the status of the Carnegie Hero Fund application for Kissinger.
Guiteras and Agramonte describe a case of yellow fever.
Ernst seeks Kelly's advice in order to organize a campaign in support of Kissinger.
Keen requests information on all those who volunteered for the yellow fever experiments.
Hemmeter gives a chronological account of all the work done by Carroll with regard to yellow fever, and includes a series of letters written by Carroll to his wife, to Walter Reed, and to several others. Hemmeter attempts to rectify what he sees as a lack of proper recognition or reward to Carroll and his family for the part he played in determining the cause of yellow fever.
The Kissingers inform Kelly of their poor financial situation and John Kissinger's failing health.
The Kissingers are concerned that they have somehow offended Kelly.
The Kissingers inform Kelly that they have moved to a less expensive house. John Kissinger's health continues to worsen.
Latimer writes about assistance for the Kissingers and possible strategy for applying to the Carnegie Fund.
Latimer agrees that Kelly and herself should stop supporting the Kissingers, but she still wants to find alternative sources of income for them.
Latimer writes that it may be necessary to appeal directly to Andrew Carnegie himself on behalf of the Kissingers.
Latimer reports problems with the Carnegie Fund application.
Coville asks Kelly to write an obituary of Carroll for the Washington Academy of Sciences.
Coville thanks Kelly for writing an obituary of Carroll for the Washington Academy of Sciences.
This is an incomplete, hand-corrected draft of an obituary of James Carroll, written for the Washington Academy of Sciences.
This pamphlet contains letters bearing on yellow fever conditions in Cuba.
White thanks Kelly for the reprint of his address on Carroll.
Welch is listed as having given a speech honoring Carroll. A bronze tablet memorializing Carroll was also unveiled.
Pilcher offers his recollections of Carroll.
Typed notes [by Philip S. Hench?] on James Carroll's typhoid fever experiments in 1904.
Autograph notes by Hench identifying the errors in Hemmeter's journal article entitled "Major James Carroll," published in Janus 13: 57-72 and 150-176; 1908.
Hench details his efforts to review Carroll's papers, held by George S.H. Carroll.
Agramonte describes his role with the Yellow Fever Commission. Included are autograph notes by Truby and Hench.
Agramonte writes about a case of yellow fever he observed in Daiquiri, Cuba.
Agramonte is notified that his letter has been received and filed for future reference. Agramonte's letter of August 31, 1908, is included, testifying to the sequence of events in the work carried out by the Army Board on Yellow Fever. Included are two notes by Truby. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
The report argues in support of nominating Finlay and Agramonte for the Nobel Prize in Medicine. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
The record card cites a request from Hunt for a copy of a photograph of Reed for use in a lecture “The Story of Two Mosquitoes.”
Pilcher encloses a letter from Carroll, written in 1901.
Carroll thanks Pilcher for mentoring him early in his career.
Ernst discusses difficulties involving Carnegie funding for the Kissingers.
This article makes an appeal for monetary contributions to James Carroll's surviving family.
The editor praises the work of Reed, Lazear, Carroll and Agramonte as having laid the foundation for all future efforts against yellow fever and malaria. Carroll is singled out for commendation and called a martyr.
Ida Kissinger thanks Kelly for the photograph of his family. John Kissinger's health is improving.
The Surgeon General's office sends a photograph of Reed to Purcell and refers him to Kelly's book. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Agramonte informs Kissinger that he has written to members of the United States Congress on his behalf.
This extract, by Guiteras, discusses Finlay's work on yellow fever and his association with the U.S. Yellow Fever Commission.
This bill proposes a statue and tablet to honor the members of the Yellow Fever Commission.
This document describes in detail the appointment and work of the Yellow Fever Commission and includes an autographed note by Kean.
Guiteras informs the Surgeon General that they have seemingly overlooked the work of Taylor when listing those involved with the yellow fever investigation, and urges him to have Taylor's name included.
[Caverico] compliments Kelly on his book, Walter Reed and Yellow Fever .
The Surgeon General requests more information from Guiteras on Taylor. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Gorgas has been offered the presidency of the University of Alabama.
Gorgas declines the offer of the presidency of the University of Alabama.
Records regard the publication of “Major Walter Reed and the Yellow Fever Commission - A Compilation.” The Smithsonian Institution requests photographs of Walter Reed. The record card is dated January 12, 1911 through September 12, 1911. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
The writer believes Cuba should not be quarantined until yellow fever appears again.
This list gives names and salaries.
Ida Kissinger sends photographs for Peabody's lecture and mentions Kelly's book. The Kissingers appreciate all the help given to them. They also provide Agramonte's address in Havana.
Strategy in application and nomination for Nobel Prize. In Spanish with an English translation.
Strategy in application and nomination for Nobel Prize. In Spanish with an English translation.
Wratten informs Emilie Lawrence Reed that her husband will offer assistance with her writing.
Wratten sends Emilie Lawrence Reed transliterations of [song?] titles.
Bishop requests a photograph of Moran from the yellow fever experiment years to be used in an article in Scribner's Magazine.
Latimer elaborates the differences between the first and second editions of the book: Walter Reed and Yellow Fever.
Latimer writes to Waterson regarding Kissinger's pension.
Torney reports that Agramonte has requested that a statement published in the Yellow Fever Bureau Bulletin be corrected. Torney explains how he believes the apparent injustice occurred, and requests the correction on behalf of the Office of the Surgeon General.
These excerpts regard the correspondence between William T. Jenkins and Jefferson Randolph Kean, and the confusion of Jenkins' mailing address. The record card is dated March 27, 1912 through April 20, 1912. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Photostat of page 411 of Finlay's Selected Works. Included are notes by Truby.
Blue orders Carter to North Carolina to investigate malaria and propose control measures.
Excerpts from a record card pertain to the biographies of Walter Reed, as well as to the discussion of a monument to commemorate the completion of the Panama Canal that should include Walter Reed. The record card is dated from January 20, 1913 through June 28, 1913. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Torney wants to inspect the painting of Walter Reed when it is on exhibition in Washington, D. C. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Gandy discusses the various photographs of Walter Reed that are suitable for hanging at the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Gandy informs Flexner that a negative of one of Reed's photographs is broken. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Pamphlet relates to drainage law of the State of South Carolina.
Rose and Gorgas discuss the relative severity of ankylostomiasis and malaria in Malaya, as well as plans to eradicate yellow fever worldwide.
This bill recognizes the services of certain military officers of the Isthmian Canal Commission.
This report recognizes officers whose work was instrumental in the construction of the Panama Canal.
Tyler recounts yellow fever outbreaks.
Goethals provides Moran with a transcript of Moran's service record and acknowledges his resignation from the Health Department.
Weaver is informed of Kelly's biography of Walter Reed. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Gorgas informs Miller that a painting of Walter Reed has been approved and will be hung in the Walter Reed General Hospital. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Permission is sought to photograph the painting of Walter Reed recently completed by Miller. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
The Chief Quarantine Officer relates information on a case of yellow fever and notes disagreement over the diagnosis.
Agramonte informs Gorgas that all his reports about the Yellow Fever Commission are completely accurate and can be proven, and that he believes he will never receive proper recognition for his contribution. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
This article, translated into English, addresses the involvement of the American Sanitary Commission in Central and South America, and the political ramifications of its actions.
The Commission of Fine Arts and the Chairman of the House Committee on the Library disapprove of the monument to Reed, Carroll, Lazear, and Agramonte. They suggest a memorial fountain instead. Included is a copy of Senate Bill #6067. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Le Prince discusses the treatment of a lake shore, in North Carolina, in order to reduce the number of anopheles mosquitos.
Wilson relates findings that timbering in the Little Salkehatchie did not increase prevalence of malaria.
Includes testimony of Maj. Gen. William C. Gorgas before Congress concerning the preparation of the U.S. Army medical corps for possible participation in World War I.
Griffitts describes a house-to-house search to determine the number and type of mosquitoes, as well as the number of people stricken with malaria.
Snidow details malaria investigations in Virginia.
Reed informs Kean of an incident involving two privates in the ambulance service, Army Medical Corps.
Riva explains the difficulties of using postal cards for collecting statistical data.
McCain informs Moran of his appointment as captain in the Quartermaster Corps.
Moran is ordered to report to New York City.
Moran is ordered to report to New York City.
Moran is assigned to the Warehousing Division.
Moran is assigned to a post as assistant in Finance and Accounts.
Moran is ordered to report for physical examination before receiving new orders.
Moran is granted three days leave of absence.
Moran is assigned to the Clothing and Equipage Division.
Moran is nominated for overseas duty.
Moran is ordered to report to Hoboken, New Jersey equipped for extended field service.
Moran is relieved of duty at the New York office.
Moran is ordered to Bordeaux, France.
Moran is ordered to report to Mars-sur-Allier, France for duty as a hospital disbursing officer.
Moran is ordered to Mars-sur-Allier, France for duty as a hospital disbursing officer.
This program includes a symposium on yellow fever featuring presentations by Noguchi, Elliott, Carter, White, Pareja, Lebredo and Guiteras.
Nichols encourages members to support the Society, which lapsed during the World War I.
Ulio commends Moran for his work in the Quartermaster Corps during the war.
Harold Sorenson and R.P. Harbold describe Moran's service in the army.
Thorpe seeks a recommendation for the best top-minnow species to use in the Yadkin River (Badin, North Carolina) for mosquito control.
Smith recommends a species of top minnow for mosquito control, as well as useful publications dealing with mosquitos.
Moran is honorably discharged from the United States Army.
This is Moran's certificate of honorable discharge from the United States Army.
Griffitts writes about the anopheles survey at Badin, North Carolina.
This document includes excerpts from Sternberg's biography of her husband's involvement with tropical diseases, including yellow fever.
Ross sends a photograph of himself for Kelly. He provides a journal reference for his work on malaria.
Pareja, in this letter translated from Spanish to English, writes to Rose regarding his appointment as Director of Health. He details efforts taken to eliminate yellow fever.
Rose informs Carter that some of Noguchi's vaccine has been shipped to Peru.
Carter offers to go to Ferrenafe and Cardenas accepts the offer.
Rose requests information on the yellow fever situation. He offers his assistance.
The writer acknowledges Hanson's cable describing yellow fever outbreaks in Peru.
Hanson discusses outbreaks of yellow fever in Peru, and his dealings with the Peruvian government. He requests the use of International Health Board funding.
Hanson discusses a yellow fever outbreak on the frontier of Peru. He states that yellow fever cases are declining elsewhere.
Hanson discusses funding issues and a recent yellow fever outbreak.
Hanson discusses the spread of yellow fever in Peru, and the use of fish to control mosquitoes. He also discusses funding issues.
Rose grants Hanson's request for trained sanitary inspectors. He expects cooperation with the French Army Medical Corps. He encloses an account sheet detailing conversion of currency.
Hanson discusses financial affairs and describes various yellow fever cases.
Hanson requests an increase of funds. He discusses his dealings with local authorities and steamship companies.
Hanson discusses funding and reports on yellow fever cases. He requests more inspectors.
Hanson discusses funding and the use of fish in breeding areas. He lists the people in charge of various locations, and has hopes of soon eliminating yellow fever on the coast.
Hanson estimates funding needed from the International Health Board for the Peruvian yellow fever campaign, with the employees and salaries for the different locations listed.
This is an estimated budget for the sanitation campaign to eliminate yellow fever, prepared by Henry Hanson, the Director of the Sanitation Campaign.
Hanson writes about the inappropriate handling of vaccine.
Corrigan describes inspections of various Peruvian sites for yellow fever eradication.
This is a cablegram with a translated cipher. It concerns funding for health inspectors in the Panama Canal Zone.
Corrigan relates the results of mosquito control inspections on farms.
Hanson describes the work of the sanitary campaign against yellow fever in Peru, naming physicians and surveyors.
Robertson proposes a study of fleas and bubonic plague in Boston, Philadelphia or Baltimore, Savannah, and New Orleans.
The collection finding aid does not list all of the items that are housed in this file.
Carter offers a correction to Bruce's “History of the University of Virginia.“
Kelly solicits corrections or clarifications for a new edition of his book, “Walter Reed and Yellow Fever.“
Kelly solicits corrections or clarifications for a new edition of his book, “Walter Reed and Yellow Fever.“
[Kelly] solicits corrections and clarifications for a new edition of his book, “Walter Reed and Yellow Fever.“
[Kelly] requests information on Emilie Lawrence Reed.
[Kelly] requests information for a new edition of his book, “Walter Reed and Yellow Fever.“
Latimer believes that Emilie Lawrence Reed did not support Walter Reed's work in Cuba.
Kelly's [secretary?] desires to know if a biography of Gorgas has been published.
McCaw writes about memorials to Walter Reed, including the U.S. Army hospital in Washington, D.C.
Tasker relates a conversation with Emilie Lawrence Reed. He provides information on Clara Maass, and gives permission to use a photograph of a portrait of George M. Sternberg.
[Kelly] thanks Tasker for supplying information for his book.
[Kelly] requests official confirmation of the changes to be made in the new edition of “Walter Reed and Yellow Fever.“
Welch writes about the mosquito theory of yellow fever transmission and the Yellow Fever Commission.
Norman writes regarding changes proposed for “Walter Reed and Yellow Fever.“
[Kelly] agrees to Norman's suggested changes to the new edition of “Walter Reed and Yellow Fever.“
This editorial concerns Marie Gorgas' biography of her husband. The editor comments on the claims made concerning Gorgas' yellow fever work.
This review, by an unnamed critic, concentrates on the claims surrounding Gorgas' yellow fever work.
This review, which appeared in the Journal of the American Medical Association, is critical of some of the accomplishments attributed to William Crawford Gorgas by Marie Gorgas and Hendrick.
Siler sends Emilie Reed a manuscript he has submitted to Hygeia, the health journal of the American Medical Association, on Walter Reed and yellow fever.
Siler's manuscript describes 19th century yellow fever epidemics in the United States, theories of yellow fever transmission, and the contribution of Reed in proving mosquito transmission.
Carroll makes an appeal to the medical profession to make Walter Reed's birthplace a national shrine.
Carroll informs Emilie Lawrence Reed that the Medical Society of Virginia will address his proposal to make Walter Reed's birthplace a national shrine.
Carroll plans to write a magazine article on Walter Reed.
Carroll discusses plans to make Walter Reed's birthplace a national shrine. He receives permission from Emilie Lawrence Reed to mention the pension debate in his magazine article.
Gruenberg seeks Kelly's advice on establishing an additional pension for Kissinger.
Whitebread requests that Emilie Lawrence Reed donate some of Walter Reed's personal effects for an exhibition at the Smithsonian Institution.
Kissinger relates his story and political difficulties in obtaining financial support.
Peabody has received Kelly's new edition of Walter Reed and Yellow Fever. He sends Kelly materials concerning pensions for Kissinger and the Yellow Fever Commission widows.
Representatives of the New York Association of Biology Teachers petition Sen. Watson to seek Congressional action on pensions for Kissinger and widows of Yellow Fever Commission participants.
Peabody describes efforts to obtain pensions for Kissinger and for widows of Yellow Fever Commission participants.
This agenda concerns a proposal to raise money for a Walter Reed chair at the University of Virginia and the restoration of the Walter Reed birthplace.
Peabody informs Kelly of the progress of the yellow fever pension proposal. He seeks photographs for a lecture.
Karshner thanks Emilie Lawrence Reed for materials she sent concerning Walter Reed.
Peabody writes about the failure of government assistance for Kissinger. The Association of Biology Teachers has also been unable to help.
Kissinger asks for financial assistance.
Peabody informs the Kissingers that a fund is being established for their support.
Gruenberg informs Kelly of the campaign to raise funds for the Kissingers and asks to borrow photographs.
She referred Emilie Reed to Rand McNally publishers for assistance with her book.
Peabody writes about circulating the “Yellow Fever Story of Heroism“ to high schools and colleges.
Elliott informs Mrs. Reed of a talk on Walter Reed by James Peabody, and encloses two student papers on Reed.
A student paper defines heroism.
A student paper defines heroism.
Gruenberg asks to call on Reed so he can update her on the Kissinger relief fund.
Kerr thanks Emilie Lawrence Reed for her gift of a rose bush.
The Peabody Fund has donated a house to the Kissingers.
The students thank Emilie Lawrence Reed for Walter Reed's work and sacrifice.
Murran and her students thank Emilie Lawrence Reed for Walter Reed's work and sacrifice.
Deland thanks Peabody for his work for Kissinger. She offers to lobby Congress and sends a check to Ida Kissinger.
Jean requests Emilie Lawrence Reed's help in creating an educational film strip on Walter Reed.
MacLachlan writes about a high school memorial day in honor of Walter Reed.
De Kruif informs Siler of a play about the Yellow Fever Commission.
Force introduces letters from her students responding to a lesson about Walter Reed and the Yellow Fever Commission.
This letter, written by a student of Edith R. Force, thanks Emilie Lawrence Reed for the life and work of Walter Reed.
This letter, written by a student of Edith R. Force, thanks Emilie Lawrence Reed for the life and work of Walter Reed.
This letter, written by a student of Edith R. Force, thanks Emilie Lawrence Reed for the life and work of Walter Reed.
This letter, written by a student of Edith R. Force, thanks Emilie Lawrence Reed for the life and work of Walter Reed.
This letter, written by a student of Edith R. Force, thanks Emilie Lawrence Reed for the life and work of Walter Reed.
This letter, written by a student of Edith R. Force, thanks Emilie Lawrence Reed for the life and work of Walter Reed.
This letter, written by a student of Edith R. Force, thanks Emilie Lawrence Reed for the life and work of Walter Reed.
This letter, written by a student of Edith R. Force, thanks Emilie Lawrence Reed for the life and work of Walter Reed.
This letter, written by a student of Edith R. Force, thanks Emilie Lawrence Reed for the life and work of Walter Reed.
This letter, written by a student of Edith R. Force, thanks Emilie Lawrence Reed for the life and work of Walter Reed.
This letter, written by a student of Edith R. Force, thanks Emilie Lawrence Reed for the life and work of Walter Reed.
This letter, written by a student of Edith R. Force, thanks Emilie Lawrence Reed for the life and work of Walter Reed.
This letter, written by a student of Edith R. Force, thanks Emilie Lawrence Reed for the life and work of Walter Reed.
This letter, written by a student of Edith R. Force, thanks Emilie Lawrence Reed for the life and work of Walter Reed.
This letter, written by a student of Edith R. Force, thanks Emilie Lawrence Reed for the life and work of Walter Reed.
This letter, written by a student of Edith R. Force, thanks Emilie Lawrence Reed for the life and work of Walter Reed.
This letter, written by a student of Edith R. Force, thanks Emilie Lawrence Reed for the life and work of Walter Reed.
This letter, written by a student of Edith R. Force, thanks Emilie Lawrence Reed for the life and work of Walter Reed.
This letter, written by a student of Edith R. Force, thanks Emilie Lawrence Reed for the life and work of Walter Reed.
This letter, written by a student of Edith R. Force, thanks Emilie Lawrence Reed for the life and work of Walter Reed.
This letter, written by a student of Edith R. Force, thanks Emilie Lawrence Reed for the life and work of Walter Reed.
This letter, written by a student of Edith R. Force, thanks Emilie Lawrence Reed for the life and work of Walter Reed.
This letter, written by a student of Edith R. Force, thanks Emilie Lawrence Reed for the life and work of Walter Reed.
This letter, written by a student of Edith R. Force, thanks Emilie Lawrence Reed for the life and work of Walter Reed.
This letter, written by a student of Edith R. Force, thanks Emilie Lawrence Reed for the life and work of Walter Reed.
This letter, written by a student of Edith R. Force, thanks Emilie Lawrence Reed for the life and work of Walter Reed.
This letter, written by a student of Edith R. Force, thanks Emilie Lawrence Reed for the life and work of Walter Reed.
This letter, written by a student of Edith R. Force, thanks Emilie Lawrence Reed for the life and work of Walter Reed.
This letter, written by a student of Edith R. Force, thanks Emilie Lawrence Reed for the life and work of Walter Reed.
This letter, written by a student of Edith R. Force, thanks Emilie Lawrence Reed for the life and work of Walter Reed.
This letter, written by a student of Edith R. Force, thanks Emilie Lawrence Reed for the life and work of Walter Reed.
This letter, written by a student of Edith R. Force, thanks Emilie Lawrence Reed for the life and work of Walter Reed.
This letter, written by a student of Edith R. Force, thanks Emilie Lawrence Reed for the life and work of Walter Reed.
This letter, written by a student of Edith R. Force, thanks Emilie Lawrence Reed for the life and work of Walter Reed.
This letter, written by a student of Edith R. Force, thanks Emilie Lawrence Reed for the life and work of Walter Reed.
The Kissingers thank Emilie Lawrence Reed for the gift of a painting.
[Peabody] informs Mallock of various projects, including a film strip on Walter Reed and a newspaper story on Kissinger.
Nelson sends a photograph of Walter Reed's birthplace and text on its dedication as a national shrine.
Kean rejects Nelson's article on the grounds of inaccuracies. Kean informs him of the Walter Reed Memorial Association's work and Peabody's efforts to lobby Congress for pension increases for the survivors.
Kosslow writes a succinct but vivid account of Walter Reed's life, dealing with his work on typhoid and yellow fever.
Hardy requests information on Walter Reed. He wants to make Reed's birthplace a national shrine.
Kibler requests information on Walter Reed for a newspaper article relative to the dedication of Walter Reed's birthplace.
Kibler informs Emilie Lawrence Reed that the dedication ceremony has been rescheduled.
Kibler thanks Emilie Lawrence Reed for the clippings she provided regarding Walter Reed.
Hardy offers a strategy for publicizing the pension campaign.
Jones examines the restored house, in Belroi, and asks when Emilie Lawrence Reed would be available for a dedication ceremony.
Kibler requests an outline of Walter Reed's life, from Brooklyn to Cuba. He will send Emilie Lawrence Reed a photograph of the restored house in Belroi.
Hardy expresses continued interest in lobbying Congress for the pension campaign.
Jones writes to set the date for the dedication of Belroi.
Jones informs Emilie Lawrence Reed of the date for the Belroi dedication
Upshur sends Emilie Lawrence Reed photographs of Belroi and Blue Ridge Summit.
The writer discusses an entry, in the National Cyclopedia of American Biography, on his unidentified father.
The collection finding aid does not list all of the items that are housed in this file.
The Walter Reed Memorial Commission invites guests to the opening of Belroi, the birthplace of Walter Reed.
This program lists events and speakers for the dedication of Walter Reed's birthplace.
The Walter Reed Memorial Commission authorize the funds to restore Reed's birthplace.
Clarence Porter Jones, Secretary and Treasurer of the Walter Reed Memorial Commission, appeals for necessary funds to complete restoration of Walter Reed's birthplace.
Kean gives a speech at the Opening Ceremonies of the dedication to Walter Reed's birthplace. He recounts the entire history of the yellow fever investigation. (Reprinted from The Military Surgeon for March, 1928)
The Kissingers thank Emilie Lawrence Reed for inviting them to the Belroi dedication.
The writer corrects the date of the commencement of mosquito eradication in Havana.
Royster will send Emilie Lawrence Reed copies of his remarks from the dedication of Walter Reed' birthplace.
Royster clarifies his statement regarding Walter Reed's biography.
The writer informs Deland that he is continuing to lobby Congress for the pension bill.
The author discusses the resolution brought before Congress to honor and to compensate all those who volunteered as subjects in the yellow fever experiments.
The American Association for Medical Progress briefly outlines the history of yellow fever and the Yellow Fever Commission, and concludes that animal experimentation is crucial in order to save human lives.
The American Association for Medical Progress briefly outlines the history of yellow fever and the Yellow Fever Commission, and concludes that animal experimentation is crucial in order to save human lives.
The Roll of Honor lists the Yellow Fever Commission members, Reed experiment volunteers and persons involved in the Gorgas-Guiteras experiments.
This chronology includes Kean's personal experiences and an autographed entry noting Reed's death, in 1902.
Binley writes to Emilie Lawrence Reed regarding a lecture by Peabody on yellow fever.
Howard inquires about Walter Reed's character for his play “Yellow Jack.“
This is a pension bill for the Yellow Fever Commission survivors and volunteers.
Taylor gives a history of Ancon Hospital in Panama and the reasons why so many patients were infected with yellow fever. Taylor states that Gorgas was entirely responsible for the cleaning up of the hospitals and the Panama environs, and suggests that the name of Ancon Hospital be changed to the General Gorgas Hospital. A biographical sketch of Gorgas is included.
Oemler thanks Emilie Lawrence Reed for the works of Walter Reed.
Peabody gives a brief history of the Yellow Fever Commission and discusses the pensions to be granted to the yellow fever volunteers after the passing of the Copeland-Wainwright Bill.
Scott supplies Mabel Lazear's address and the pensions paid her by the United States Department of the Interior.
This document contains discussion regarding the placement of names of individuals involved in the yellow fever experiments on the rolls of the war department and providing pensions to the survivors or widows of those involved. Support for the bill includes statements by Peabody, Ireland, Kean, and representatives from Congress and the Smithsonian.
Congressional Bill and Report #1429 recognizes the public service of Reed and the volunteers associated with the yellow fever experiments. Biographical information is supplied in Report #1429 regarding each of the members and volunteers of the Yellow Fever Commission.
Image of the Easter Sunday sunrise service in the amphitheater of the Walter Reed Hospital grounds.
Kelly thanks Emilie Lawrence Reed for a memento of Walter Reed. He notes a greater appreciation of Walter Reed's work.
Bland speaks of the dedication of Walter Reed's birthplace, and recounts Kean's speech given at the dedication on October 15, 1927.
Flexner thanks Emilie Lawrence Reed for a memento of Walter Reed.
Borden thanks Emilie Lawrence Reed for the memento of Walter Reed.
Peabody thanks Emilie Lawrence Reed for gifts and sends her a copy of a lecture on Walter Reed.
Bodies of Dean and Comrades May Rest in Arlington Plot
Peabody seeks clarification of information for a pamphlet on yellow fever for the American Museum of Natural History.
Coville identifies a tree specimen sent to him as a willow oak.
Peabody thanks Kelly for the photograph and hospitality in Baltimore. He discusses strategy for lobbying Congress in regards to the pension bill.
Jones thanks Kelly for the book on Walter Reed. He will send photographs of Belroi and relate the status of restoration funding.
This is a favorable review of Carter's book.
Davis thanks Borden for referring Emilie Lawrence Reed to him.
Ashburn's speech to an audience of student nurses is an overview of Reed's life and work. The piece includes an excerpt from the Surgeon General's report, 1900.
Tansey's cousins will lobby a Minnesota congressman on her behalf.
Tansey sends Emilie Lawrence Reed copies of letters written on her behalf.
Fitzgerald discusses activities on behalf of Emilie Lawrence Reed and the pension bill.
Fletcher provides gardening advice.
These telegrams congratulate Moran on receiving the Congressional Medal of Honor.
Ament is unable to assist Emilie Lawrence Reed at present, but expects to be able to soon.
Sheppard states that a bill of unspecified subject matter cannot pass.
Good, the Secretary of War, addresses the 1929 class of West Point and mentions the enrollment of Reed and Wood on the Roll of Honor.
Kean asks Emilie Lawrence Reed to supply the dates and locations of her birth and marriage.
Kean sends Emilie Lawrence Reed a copy of the new Secretary of War's speech, given at West Point.
Moran thanks Peabody for his efforts in campaigning for compensation for the volunteers. Moran is hesitant to grant Agramonte compensation since he is healthy and, because of being Cuban, was immune from all dangers. Also included is a brief history of Moran's involvement with the yellow fever experiments.
Russell writes that he knew Walter Reed and values his work. He informs her that the Rockefeller Foundation has pursued yellow fever eradication since 1918.
Ireland expresses admiration for Emilie Lawrence Reed and Walter Reed.
Harrison seeks artifacts of Walter Reed for the Vanderbilt University Medical Department.
Harrison thanks Emilie Lawrence Reed for donating her husband's letter. He inquires if she has anything else she would like to contribute to the Vanderbilt University Medical School Museum.
Kean vouches for Harrison and urges Emilie Lawrence Reed to make a donation to Vanderbilt University.
Ireland thanks Emilie Lawrence Reed for the gift and the visit to Blue Ridge Summit.
Kean lists the yellow fever experiment participants included in the Roll of Honor.
Coville offers gardening advice to Emilie.
Harrison thanks Emilie Lawrence Reed for the gift of a Bible.
Landon Reed writes about her husband Lawrence Reed's promotion to post inspector.
Landon Reed writes to Blossom Reed about the family cats.
Leathers thanks Emilie Lawrence Reed for the donation of Walter Reed's letter and Bible to the Vanderbilt University Museum of Medical History.
Hewitt writes about the 1878 New Orleans yellow fever outbreak and Carter's work on the transmission of yellow fever.
Blake identifies Emilie Lawrence Reed's botanical specimen.
According to Ames, Ireland refuses to include her deceased husband (Roger Post Ames) among the yellow fever heroes. He minimizes Ames' husband role in the yellow fever work, and advises [Jessie Daniel Ames] to give up in her attempt to have him honored.
[Peabody] thanks Wainwright for his support of the bill to honor the yellow fever experiment participants. Peabody is delighted that Agramonte was included, and glad that Marie Gorgas was not.
Bridges provides the official military record of Roger Ames' work in Cuba.
Ireland sends Emilie Lawrence Reed a map of the Fort Robinson Station, near a butte which has been named for Walter Reed.
[Laura Carter] writes to Russell concerning her planned completion of her father's unfinished history of yellow fever.
[Peabody] reports on the status of the Congressional campaign to honor the yellow fever heroes, and enlists Kellogg's help in the effort.
[Peabody] describes his trips related to his campaign to honor the yellow fever heroes through an Act of Congress.
This report chronicles the path to recognition for the members of the Yellow Fever Board, beginning with a 1906 letter from Theodore Roosevelt.
Blondel, on behalf of the New York Association of Biology Teachers, congratulates Moran for his yellow fever work.
Secretary of War Hurley summarizes Ames' service record, concluding that Ames does not merit inclusion in the yellow fever roll of honor. He suggests that Sheppard turn over any additional official papers to the War Department.
[Sheppard] clarifies his statements regarding Ames' service with the Yellow Fever Board, in Cuba.
Sheppard informs Jessie Ames of the results of his correspondence with Secretary of War Hurley concerning her husband.
Hurley confirms that Ames contracted yellow fever in Cuba, but reiterates that Ames did not take part in the actual experiments of the Yellow Fever Board.
Sheppard forwards a letter from Patrick J. Hurley, Secretary of War, to Jessie Ames, which confirms that her husband contracted yellow fever in Cuba. Sheppard writes that he will continue to work for a bill recognizing Ames' service.
Bridges informs Emilie Lawrence Reed that Walter Reed is listed on the Roll of Honor, published in the 1930 Army Register.
Lower thanks Emilie Reed for her promised gift of a cross and vases for the nearly completed chapel at Walter Reed Hospital.
Lower thanks Emilie Reed for her promised gift of a cross and vases for the nearly completed chapel at Walter Reed Hospital.
Agramonte answers Mrs. Ames' questions concerning her husband's actions and responsibilities with the yellow fever board in Cuba.
Agramonte informs Mrs. Ames about her husband's actions and responsibilities with the yellow fever board in Cuba, enclosing answers to questions she has posed.
Andrus answers questions about Ames and mentions the kindness of Lambert.
This document lists acknowledgments to be included in Carter's "History of Yellow Fever."
This document lists illustrative material to be included in Carter's "History of Yellow Fever," for which permissions to reproduce will be required.
Royster thanks Emilie Lawrence Reed for the copy of Gorgas' book and the letter to Walter Reed. He enjoyed her visit.
Lower informs Emilie Lawrence Reed that the Walter Reed Army Medical Center Chapel has been completed.
Royster informs Emilie Lawrence Reed that he has spoken with President Alderman, of the University of Virginia, about obtaining either a portrait or a bust of Walter Reed.
Howard reflects on his lifetime of work with mosquitoes. He includes a transcript of a January 13, 1901 letter from Walter Reed describing the success of Reed's experiments. A transcript of a February 20, 1902 letter from Ronald Ross discusses Ross' work in Africa.
Howard discusses his work on mosquito theory.
Howard discusses his work on mosquito theory.
Howard discusses his work on mosquito theory.
Howard discusses his work on mosquito theory.
The two poems are entitled, How It Happened and Elliott Holman .
Nolte requests permission to name a son after Walter Reed.
Alderman thanks Emilie Lawrence Reed for her gift of a replica of a Walter Reed bust by Schuler.
Updegraff enjoyed meeting Emilie Lawrence Reed in Washington, D.C. She describes trips to Detroit, Albany, and home to Trenton, N.J.
Davison invites Emilie Lawrence Reed to attend the dedication of Duke University Hospital. He lists the wards named for distinguished physicians, including one named for Walter Reed.
Davison is disappointed that Emilie Lawrence Reed cannot attend the dedication of Duke University Hospital.
Ireland mentions Agramonte's death and requests that Truby and Kean write an accurate depiction of Agramonte's and Ames' work with the Yellow Fever Commission. He also describes a trip to France.
Emilie Lawrence Reed expresses her appreciation for Hollander's newspaper article on Walter Reed.
Hollander gratefully acknowledges Emilie Lawrence Reed's letter.
Brown sends Emilie Lawrence Reed an article on the Congressional gold medal awarded to Walter Reed. He has heard of the progress on Blossom's new house.
Howard requests an interview with Truby to learn about Reed's character and personality for a play he is writing about the Yellow Fever Commission.
Howard confirms his appointment with Truby.
Howard requests an interview with Moran in order to inquire about the yellow fever experiments. Howard is writing a play about the work of the Yellow Fever Commission entitled "Yellow Jack."
It is likely that the speech was never delivered in public.
Howard requests an interview with Moran.
Howard thanks Moran for his letter and cable.
Howard writes that he will meet Moran in Havana.
Howard thanks Moran for his visit.
Truby states his opinion, with Kean's concurrence, regarding qualifications for inclusion in the yellow fever roll of honor. He refers to the paper written by Walter Reed et al., "The Etiology of Yellow Fever - A Preliminary Note," and he recommends A.S. Pinto not be included in the roll of honor.
The Secretary of War recommends denying the claim of A.S. Pinto, as presented in Senate Bill No. 206.
Emilie Lawrence Reed thanks Whittaker for the sentiments expressed in his address "Unsung Heroes," and inquires if he knows the location of a church window dedicated to Christ, Florence Nightingale, and Walter Reed.
Ritchey sends Emilie Lawrence Reed a copy of Whittaker's article on Reed and yellow fever.
Whittaker describes the yellow fever experiments and praises Reed and the volunteers.
Hawley invites Emilie Lawrence Reed to be the guest of honor at the American Public Health Association's annual meeting.
Howard describes his play, "Yellow Jack." He mentions taking artistic license with his treatment of the volunteer soldiers' lives for the sake of the story.
Russell seeks clarification about the yellow fever experiments. He is particularly interested in whether or not Reed returned to the United States before beginning the experiments.
Truby narrates the sequence of events leading to the yellow fever experiments, noting that Walter Reed returned to United States on August 7 and came back to Cuba on October 1, 1900.
James Reed writes that he regrets having missed Peabody's visit. He provides information about himself and his brothers.
James Reed writes that he regrets having missed Peabody's visit. He provides information about himself and his brothers.
Wood reports to Peabody about Emilie and Blossom Reed and the illnesses of Andrus and Kissinger. She requests information about the pensions for the participants and their families.
Flexner comments on Peabody's manuscript and corrects details about Welch and Johns Hopkins Hospital.
Peabody discusses yellow fever work dating back to 1897, with particular emphasis on the work done in Cuba, in 1900 and 1901, by Reed and the Yellow Fever Commission.
The report describes efforts to pass a Congressional bill honoring the yellow fever volunteers and securing pensions.
Schwieger, who served with Truby in Cuba, requests Truby's assistance in retaining his pension.
King invites Moran to participate in a meeting of the American Public Health Association commemorating the anniversary of Walter Reed's paper, presented in 1900.
King informs Moran that the date of the memorial session has been changed and urges Moran to attend.
Moran sends word that he is unable to attend the meeting.
King sends Moran a program of the memorial session of the American Public Health Association
The memorial session and banquet was a part of the Sixty-Second Annual Meeting of the American Public Health Association.
Walter Reed is featured in this newspaper column.
Howard writes that his play opens tonight and discusses the changes he has made.
Patterson thanks Moran for the donation of his yellow fever certificate to the Army Medical Library.
Briggs, Jesse Lazear's son-in-law, congratulates Howard on his play. He offers a correction concerning Private Dean's willingness to participate in the experiment.
Contains an article relating to the play, Yellow Jack .
Howard offers a justification of his characterization of Dean in his play, "Yellow Jack."
Winifred E. Lewis nursed Roger Post Ames in Cuba during his illness with yellow fever around 1900.
The collection finding aid does not list all of the items that are housed in this file.
Baker describes his personal experiences in connection with yellow fever epidemics in Havana, Cuba.
Davis sends Christmas wishes to Emilie Reed and requests a photograph of her.
Baker sends Truby a copy of his recollections of yellow fever epidemics in Havana and requests corrections.
To amend an act entitled 'An Act to recognize the high public service rendered by Major Walter Reed and those associated with him in the discovery of the cause and means of transmission of yellow fever'.
The collection finding aid does not list all of the items that are housed in this file.
Woods sends Peabody a transcription of a 1914 letter from Henry Cabot Lodge to Theodore Roosevelt.
Woods transcribes part of a 1914 letter from Henry Cabot Lodge to Theodore Roosevelt concerning the successful use of mosquito netting against yellow fever in 1850.
Keating describes a 1878 yellow fever epidemic in Memphis, Tennessee.
Howard writes that he will send Moran a copy of "Yellow Jack." He reports on the play's success and sympathizes with Moran's difficulties related to the Cuban revolution.
Leon thanks Peabody for his work in securing pensions for yellow fever participants. She discusses her mother's death and conditions in Cuba.
Truby thanks Baker for relating his yellow fever experiences.
Baker writes that he is sending Truby a copy of his yellow fever experiences.
Goldwater informs Truby that he will not have a job opening in his hospital.
Goldwater sends letters of recommendation to Truby his letters of recommendation to Truby.
Brooks recommends Truby for a hospital position, describing his character and experience.
Russell recommends Truby for a hospital position, describing his character and experience.
Ireland recommends Truby for a hospital position, describing his character and experience.
Reynolds recommends Truby for a hospital position, describing his character and experience.
Peabody urges support of a bill granting posthumous recognition to George Sherman Ward and a pension to his survivors, in recognition of Ward's part in James Carroll's typhoid experiment, in 1904.
An article in the magazine mentions Walter Reed.
Andrus writes a letter of support for Roger Post Ames and Gustaf E. Lambert, advocating enactment of the bills that would recognize their contributions to the Yellow Fever Commission work and grant pensions.
Contains articles relating to Blue Ridge Summit, Pennsylvania.
Andrus writes in support of bill S.115 granting recognition to Gustaf E. Lambert for his role in the yellow fever experiments.
Peabody thanks Moran for his hospitality and for the information on the Yellow Fever Commission work.
Hines sends Ijams a copy of a lecture on Walter Reed by Major Wesley C. Cox.
Cox's lecture includes a biography of Walter Reed and a detailed description of the yellow fever experiments.
Sawyer inquires about the use of a rhesus monkey in Reed's yellow fever experiments. He questions the accuracy of the "Yellow Jack's" portrayal of Dean.
Sawyer thanks Truby for responding to his letter, and is pleased with Truby's opinion regarding Dean.
With envelope addressed to Mrs. Walter Reed.
Boyd responds to Emilie Lawrence Reed's question concerning wood thrushes.
The writer urges Truby to place his yellow fever correspondence in an archive for safekeeping and compliments Kean personally and professionally.
Hudson sends Emilie Lawrence Reed a program from the annual meeting of the American Society of Tropical Medicine. He invites her to attend the meeting, where she will be presented with the Walter Reed medal.
Awarded by the American Society of Tropical Medicine to Mrs. Walter Reed n recognition of meritorious achievement in tropical medicine.
Series IV. Philip Showalter Hench primarily consists of materials that Hench created or collected while researching the U.S. Army Yellow Fever Commission. Items in this series date from around 1850 to around 1865 with the bulk of the items dating from 1937 to 1960. Researchers who are studying the yellow fever experiments will be particularly interested in the materials (e.g. interviews, autobiographies) that document first-hand accounts of the events surrounding the experiments. Other researchers may be interested in items that document Hench's role in shaping public memory of the commission and its experiments. The materials in this series include, but are not limited to the following:
Materials housed in boxes 34-49 are generally arranged in chronological order by their date of creation. Materials housed in the remaining boxes of this series do not appear to have been arranged in a systematic fashion.
The collection finding aid does not list all of the items that are housed in this file.
This radio script presents a fictionalized version of the yellow fever experiments, and portrays Kissinger and Moran as heroes. The radio program was prepared and produced by Young & Rubicam, Inc. for the program, "We The People", for their client the General Foods Corp., to promote their product "Calumet", on January 10, 1937, from 5:00-5:30 on the network WJZ.
This radio script presents a fictionalized version of the yellow fever experiments, and portrays Kissinger and Moran as heroes. The radio program was prepared and produced by Young & Rubicam, Inc. for the program, "We The People", for their client the General Foods Corp., to promote their product "Calumet", on January 10, 1937, from 5:00-5:30 on the network WJZ.
Andrus provides Moran with an autobiography of his military service and a list of names and addresses of surviving yellow fever volunteers. He comments on Kissinger.
Raymond writes that he heard Moran on Lowell Thomas' radio program.
Hutchison thanks Hench for writing to Lord Dawson.
Rovensky informs Hutchison that he met with Lord Dawson to encourage him to visit the United States to lecture at Washington and Jefferson College.
Dawson writes that he will be unable to visit the United States next autumn.
[Dawson] regrets that he will be unable to attend the Founder's Day ceremonies.
Hutchison sends Hench a copy of a letter from Rovensky to Hutchison regarding Lord Dawson.
Hench thanks Hutchison for the Rovensky letter. Hench would like to meet Kissinger and question him about the yellow fever experiments.
Hutchison informs Hench that Lord Dawson cannot attend the Founders' Day ceremonies. He is considering postponing the event until commencement and again inviting Dawson, as this would also give them more time to prepare the “Yellow Jack” performance.
Hutchison writes to Hench about postponing the ceremonies to honor Lazear until commencement.
Hench informs Hutchison that he has written to Lord Dawson concerning a later date for the Lazear memorial dedication.
Hench regrets that Dawson cannot attend the ceremony and suggests postponing the event to a later date.
Moran corrects identifications of individuals in a photograph and describes his military assignments.
This radio show script on the yellow fever experiments includes an interview with Kissinger.
Andrus hopes that Lambert and Jessie Ames get the recognition they deserve.
Andrus writes to Lambert regarding lobbying efforts for the bill recognizing Lambert and Ames.
[Andrus?] reports to Schwieger that his letter to Lambert was returned and that he is worried about him.
Hench requests a copy of the report of the Yellow Fever Commission.
Hench would like to meet with Moran to discuss the yellow fever experiments.
Lambert updates Jessie Ames on his efforts to secure passage of a bill recognizing Roger Ames and others.
Moran introduces himself to Hench and will send him an account of his experiences with the yellow fever experiments.
Moran sends Hench his autobiography.
Moran's autobiography gives a detailed account of the yellow fever experiments in which he took part.
Hench thanks Moran in advance for the promised autobiography.
Lemon informs Hench of the honorarium offered to speakers by Sigma Xi and asks him to inform Moran that Sigma Xi will take care of him during his visit.
This excerpt includes the Roll of Honor of the participants in the yellow fever investigations in Cuba.
Andrus compliments Truby and requests verification of certain incidents related to the yellow fever experiments.
Moran requests the address of a University of Virginia medical school classmate of his who was working at the Mayo Clinic in 1931.
Andrus solicits advice on how to further the cause to recognize Lambert's role.
Tisdel informs Hench that the Government Printing Office has mailed a copy of the Yellow Fever Commission report to him.
Tisdel acknowledges receipt of payment and informs Hench that supplies of the Yellow Fever Commission report are exhausted.
Hench sends a check for the Yellow Fever Commission report and requests two more copies.
Moran loans Hench copies of journal articles by Agramonte and Ireland, and the Army Roll of Honor for 1936.
Andrus asks Moran for his address. This letter was sent via the Veterans' Bureau.
Hench thanks Tisdel for his assistance in acquiring a copy of the Yellow Fever Commission report.
Andrus relates his experiences as a yellow fever volunteer and criticizes Kissinger's conduct. He wants to know if other volunteers have spinal difficulties and includes a plan of the Columbia Barracks laboratory.
Andrus requests clarification of the definition of his role in the yellow fever experiments published in the Roll of Honor.
Andrus writes that Truby was not in Cuba at the time Andrus alleges Reed proposed to inoculate himself.
Hench thanks Moran for the manuscript of his autobiography. He offers to help Moran publish his recollections in a medical history journal.
Hench requests a copy of the 1937 Army Roll of Honor and the addresses of surviving participants in the yellow fever experiments.
Burnett sends Hench a copy of the Roll of Honor. He also forwards the address of Thomas M. England.
Hench thanks Burnett for the Roll of Honor.
Hench informs Hutchison about Kissinger's situation, and that he plans to publish the recollections of both Kissinger and Moran.
Hench notifies Hutchison of a radio broadcast involving Kissinger.
Hutchison informs Hench that he is interested in highlighting the yellow fever experiments during the upcoming commencement exercises.
Hench reports that Kissinger is in Florida until May, so an article will not be possible until after he returns.
Moran writes to Hench about his own health, the various interpretations of the yellow fever story, and his part in the experiments.
Moran supplies Hench with addresses of Andrus and Hanberry - both yellow fever experiment volunteers. He suggests that the Mayo Clinic assist Andrus with his health problems.
Contains articles relating to malaria.
This booklet was published by the Metropolitan Life Insurance Company.
Hench confirms with Lemon his invitation for Kissinger to come to the Mayo Clinic. Lemon's response to Hench is typed on the same page.
Hutchison suggests Paul de Kruif as an alternative speaker for the Lazear celebration if Lord Dawson is not available.
Hench informs Moran of his continued plans to publish Moran's and Kissinger's memoirs. He offers medical advice and invites Moran to visit the Mayo Clinic.
Hench requests the names and addresses of surviving yellow fever volunteers.
Andrus offers his cooperation in Hench's project and encloses a list of the yellow fever volunteers.
Andrus lists the yellow fever volunteers with their addresses, noting which ones have died.
Hench supplies a list of possible speakers for the Washington and Jefferson College commencement and the Jesse Lazear celebration.
[Hench] discusses the future clinic visit of Mr. and Mrs. Swartz. He regrets that Lord Dawson is unable to be the speaker.
Hench thanks Andrus for the list of survivors.
Hench's check for a photograph of Moran was returned to him by Moran.
Moran will send Hench a photograph of himself at no charge, and returns Hench's check. He offers Hench advice on contacting other yellow fever survivors and politely refuses medical treatment for his duodenal ulcer.
Andrus sends Hench his medical history and wonders if his spinal condition is a result of yellow fever.
Andrus' medical history describes the development of the spinal condition that has left him bedridden.
Dr. David Andrus gives his assessment of the medical condition and history of John Andrus, his father.
Andrus thanks Moran for the introduction to Hench and is curious about Hench's interest. He relates family news.
Hench thanks Moran for the photographs and will have slides made of them. He offers medical advice for Andrus. He notes that Kissinger is expected to give a talk on his experiences.
Kelly requests permission to display Moran's name in the credits of the M.G.M. motion picture “Yellow Jack.”
Moran explains the substitution of his own letter for the form permission letter sent from the movie studio.
Moran grants permission to use his name in the film “Yellow Jack.” He includes the names of other yellow fever volunteers.
Hench solicits Woltman's help in reviewing Andrus' medical condition.
Hench introduces a physician who will give Andrus medical advice. He will review Andrus' case himself after returning from Europe.
Woltman gives Andrus medical advice, suggesting that neither yellow fever nor arthritis are the cause of his condition.
Hench's secretary returns Moran's photographs and requests that he autograph and return the recent portraits.
Truby sends Reynolds a copy of a letter from Reed to himself. The letter reports Reed's successful infection of Kissinger with yellow fever.
Andrus summarizes his correspondence with the Mayo Clinic physicians for Moran, and he discusses the film “Yellow Jack.” He describes Lambert's physical condition and comments on the New Deal.
Dabney provides a chronology of Walter Reed's military service; from June 26, 1875 to April 3, 1900.
Moran comments on the film “Yellow Jack” and returns autographed photographs of himself. He criticizes Kissinger for enjoying the spotlight and mentions that his Congressional Medal will go to the University of Virginia.
Ravenel thanks Truby for the photograph. An autograph note by Truby identifies Ravenel as one of his professors at the University of Pennsylvania.
Andrus requests Moran's assistance in getting a bill passed to honor Ames and Lambert.
Montgomery appreciates Moran's satisfaction at having Montgomery portray him in the film “Yellow Jack.” He solicits Moran's reaction to the film.
Hench comments on the film “Yellow Jack.” He defends Kissinger and proposes further investigations of the yellow fever experiments.
Hench requests that Crenshaw contact Moran.
Editorial relates to the movie Yellow Jack .
Contains an article entitled, "His Real-Life Role Portrayed by Cinema ", which relates to the portrayal of John J. Moran in the movie, Yellow Jack .
Jones sends photostat copies of Moran's certificate as a yellow fever patient in 1901.
Moran relates personal news and offers his opinion on Kissinger. He has high compliments for Kean as an authoritative source. He mentions a letter of recommendation, written by Walter Reed, which he believed to be at the University of Virginia. Moran writes that he found many inaccuracies in the film “Yellow Jack” and suggests to Hench that he should take up the Finlay vs. Reed controversy rather than the Kissinger-Moran memoirs.
Andrus writes about an additional claimant to the yellow fever Roll of Honor: John Morris. He thinks it is unlikely that Moran will assist with the Lambert/Ames appeal.
Hench informs Moran that he is resolved to write an accurate history of the yellow fever experiments. He discusses the relative reliability of Moran's and Kissinger's recollections.
Furnas requests a photograph of Moran's medal.
Moran reports on his health and encloses a newspaper clipping for Hench about Kissinger.
Hench reveals his thoughts on Kissinger. He expresses his continued interest in the yellow fever story.
Article relates to John J. Moran.
Hench plans to visit Havana in March 1940. He would like to see and photograph the actual site of Camp Lazear.
[Moran] seeks to correct the misidentification of himself in a group photograph of the Hospital Corps Detachment at Columbia Barracks.
Moran informs Hench that he has asked Kean to assist him in his yellow fever research. Moran writes that the Camp Lazear site is unrestricted - it is not necessary to request permission to take photographs of the area.
Hench agrees to collaborate with Kean.
Moran writes of a Thanksgiving he spent with Barringer in 1901, and then recounts his financial successes and failures after he left the University of Virginia Medical School.
Dickson requests that Truby review a biography of Walter Reed, which is to be included in the "National Cyclopedia of American Biography."
Moran conveys news that Kean would be glad to collaborate with Hench in the yellow fever story. He suggests that Hench write to Kean, because Kean is the best authority on Walter Reed's work.
Hench plans on meeting Moran in March 1940, and intends to visit Kean soon thereafter.
Benjamin offers a collection of letters concerning Madame Curie, and a letter of Abraham Lincoln that is for sale.
Hutchison informs Hench that his plans for a yellow fever speech have been postponed from commencement to November 1940 (Founder's Day), to dedicate the Lazear Chemistry Building. An autograph note by Hench lists possible speakers.
Hench volunteers to speak on the story of Kissinger and Moran at the Washington and Jefferson College Founders' Day program. He plans to meet Moran in Cuba. He offers a monetary contribution for Washington and Jefferson College.
Hench sends Moran the book "Death Loses a Pair of Wings," concerning William C. Gorgas.
Hutchison thanks Hench for his monetary contribution to the college. He provides information on a bronze plaque in the lobby of the Lazear Building for large contributors. Hutchison describes further plans for Founder's Day.
Hench offers advice on the structure of the Washington and Jefferson College Founders' Day program and makes recommendations for possible speakers.
Hench encloses a check for Washington and Jefferson College.
Hutchison thanks Hench for advice on Washington and Jefferson College Founders' Day preparations. He mentions additional plans relative to this. Hutchison thanks Hench for his contribution.
Hutchison informs Hench that he is to be the keynote speaker for Washington and Jefferson College Founders' Day. He muses whether Moran and Kissinger should attend as well.
Hench provides information about the Founder's Day speakers. He plans to see Moran in March and suggests inviting him to the ceremony. Hench will visit and film Moran and Camp Lazear.
Hutchison congratulates Hench on receiving a honorary degree from their alma mater, Lafayette College.
Andrus is disappointed that Moran refuses to sign an affidavit for Lambert for the Roll of Honor. Andrus discusses his health and is happy to report that his paralysis is improving.
Moran offers to make hotel reservations for Hench, but must hear from him soon.
Hench provides details of a planned trip to Palm Beach, Florida and Havana, Cuba.
Hutchison requests that Hench invite Moran - expenses paid - to Washington and Jefferson College Founders' Day ceremonies.
Hutchison designates Hench as a special representative of Washington and Jefferson College to obtain manuscripts and photographs from Cuban sources for the Lazear Memorial Building.
Hutchison designates Hench as a special representative of Washington and Jefferson College to obtain manuscripts and photographs from Cuban sources for the Lazear Memorial Building.
This is money for Washington and Jefferson College's Lazear fund.
This is money for Washington and Jefferson College.
Moran makes arrangements to meet Hench in Havana.
Hench questions Moran about the yellow fever experiments.
Hench questions Moran about the yellow fever experiments.
Contains information about Philip Showalter Hench and Mary Hench's arrival in Cuba.
This is [Hutchison's] draft letter, with Hench's autograph corrections, to the president of the Sun Oil Company, asking his assistance in granting Moran time off to attend the Founders' Day ceremony at Washington and Jefferson College.
Moran inquires about his draft letter for Pew and comments on Agramonte's letter regarding Carroll's case of yellow fever.
Moran discusses his revision of Hench's interview transcript.
The Schellbergs send their love and enclose a first day issue cancellation of the Walter Reed five cent stamp.
[Lawrence Reed] sends a first day of issue stamp to his mother and sister.
Hench does not understand why he received a registered mail receipt and requests clarification.
Phillips explains the reason for the registered mail receipt.
Hench requests copies of Cuban newspaper articles, about the work of the Yellow Fever Commission, and for maps of the Rojas farm and the site of Camp Lazear.
Hench refers to his visit to Cuba and the presumed site of Camp Lazear on Rojas' family's farm. He comments on her recollections of Camp Lazear and the yellow fever work.
Clemons loans Hench a copy of Kelly's revised edition of "Walter Reed and Yellow Fever." He also offers to send photostats of two letters in the University of Virginia collection to him: Moran to Kean [August 28, 1939] and Kean to Clemons [September 22, 1939].
Hench seeks an identification of the military hospital building in the photograph.
Hench seeks information on a photograph taken at the presumed site of Camp Lazear or Camp Columbia.
Hench thanks Rodriguez Leon for her photographs of Camp Lazear. He regrets the lack of recognition extended to her father for his yellow fever work.
Summary of Hench's research and trip to Havana, Cuba, with various autograph notes, memorandum, and addendum.
Summary of Hench's research and trip to Havana, Cuba, with various autograph notes, memorandum, and addendum.
Summary of Hench's research and trip to Havana, Cuba, with various autograph notes, memorandum, and addendum.
Cowley indicates that Hench's letter of April 30, [1940] to Recio has been forwarded to him.
Hench gives brief details of his trip to Cuba and discusses the controversy over the proper location of the site of Camp Lazear.
Hutchison discusses the Lazear Building dedication program at Washington and Jefferson College. He is considering inviting Moran and Kissinger to the dedication. Hutchison intends to locate Mabel Lazear as well.
Hench expresses great interest in receiving copies of correspondence by Moran and Kean.
Hench returns Kelly's book on Reed to the Alderman Library at the University of Virginia. He hopes to receive a copy of the Moran - Kean correspondence from Kean himself. The originals are at the University of Virginia.
Clemons acknowledges return of "Walter Reed and Yellow Fever." He offers to forward a copy of the Moran - Kean correspondence if necessary.
Pogolotti refers to photographs seen in Cuba and forwarded through Moran. He seeks medical advice on asthma.
Hench congratulates Moran on the receipt of the Grand Cross of the Order of Finlay from the Cuban government.
Hench congratulates Moran on his award of the Grand Cross of the Order of Finlay. He is very busy with professional responsibilities, but promises to return to his yellow fever notes soon.
Hench discusses the logistics of inviting Moran and Kissinger to the Lazear Ceremony at Washington and Jefferson College.
Hutchison supplies Lazear family addresses. He will invite them to the ceremony at Washington and Jefferson College.
Hench offers copies of his yellow fever research material to the Army Medical Museum.
Hench gives advice on asthma treatment. He returns photographs.
Pogolotti informs Hench that the photographs have not yet been received. He thanks him for his medical advice.
Forns discusses the identification of Camp Lazear from photographs taken by Alvare.
Cornell will accept donations of materials on yellow fever and will make available to him all their files.
Hench discusses the identification of Camp Lazear site.
Hench thanks Reeve for the photographs of Walter Reed, Camp Columbia and Camp Lazear. He will send copies of his research information and photographs to the Museum and to the University of Virginia.
Hench thanks Davis for the photographs of Walter Reed, Camp Columbia and Camp Lazear from the Army Medical Museum. He will send copies of his research information and photographs to the Museum and to the University of Virginia.
Hench discusses the photographs of Camp Lazear and efforts to identify the site properly. He mentions interesting material at the University of Virginia. Hench plans to donate copies of his research material and photographs to the Army Medical Museum and to the University of Virginia. He seeks other photographs and a map of Camp Lazear.
Hench requests photographs of a model of Camp Columbia, which is now at Carlisle Barracks, Pennsylvania, and other information about Camp Lazear.
Clemons encloses a copy of a letter from Moran to Paul B. Barringer.
Hench requests copies of the Kean and Moran letters from Clemons at the University of Virginia Alderman Library. Hench eventually intends to donate copies of his research material to the Army Medical Museum and to the University of Virginia.
Clemons offers, as a gift, copies of the Kean and Moran letters, which are on file at the University of Virginia Alderman Library.
Hench explains the reason for the confusion about the Camp Lazear site. Hench provides medical advice.
Hench insists on paying for photostats from the University of Virginia Alderman Library.
Hench details his work on the yellow fever story. He asks for Truby's recollections, particularly concerning Lazear's case of yellow fever.
Hench assures Truby that he will not use his material without permission and asks for background notes.
Marietta refers to Hench's meeting at the Walter Reed Army Medical Center.
Marvin discusses Hench's meeting at the Walter Reed Army Medical Center.
This letter contains Truby's recollections of the Yellow Fever Commission work and excerpts of his own history of the Yellow Fever Commission concerning Jesse W. Lazear.
This letter contains Truby's recollections of the Yellow Fever Commission work and excerpts of his own [then incomplete] history of the Yellow Fever Commission - concerning Jesse W. Lazear.
Reed is impressed with Hench's address on the Yellow Fever Commission presented in Cleveland. He discusses his interactions with the author Laura Wood Roper.
Hutchison contacts Barker, an associate of Jesse Lazear.
Hench seeks assistance in writing letters to get information on the Yellow Fever Commission.
Alvare explains the circumstances of the photograph he made of the supposed site of Camp Lazear. See English translation.
Alvare explains circumstances of the photograph he made of the supposed site of Camp Lazear.
[Hutchison] seeks information on Barker's scientific relationship with Jesse Lazear.
Barker provides general biographical information on Jesse Lazear.
Andrus shares family news. He inquires about Lambert's health and circumstances.
[Mabel Lazear] writes that she will be unable to attend the dedication ceremony at Washington and Jefferson College.
The magazine's cover shows photographs of cast members from the college's production of Yellow Jack .
Barker lists additional Lazear references. The letter includes autograph notes by Hench on the Lazear memorial inscription at Johns Hopkins University.
Hench thanks Truby for his recollections of Jesse Lazear and the Yellow Fever Commission.
Hench encloses a draft of his manuscript with specific questions for Truby to answer.
Truby hopes to hear from Hench. He gives Hench permission to quote him.
Rodriguez Leon did not find the negatives Hench requested. She offers further assistance and discusses the Cuban elections.
Hench encloses a draft of his manuscript. He asks for her comments.
Rojas answers some of Hench's questions about the difficulties of research and the problems with the Cuban regime.
Rojas answers some of Hench's questions about the difficulties of research and the problems with the Cuban regime.
[Hench] thanks Rojas for her help. He will send a report to the Cuban government and hopes it will stimulate interest in the memorial. He asks her to mark the Camp Lazear location on maps.
Hench seeks permission from the U.S. Department of Agriculture to bring pieces of wood from the framboyant tree on the supposed site of Camp Lazear into the United States.
Hench requests information on Lazear's relationship to Washington and Jefferson College. He offers a contribution for Moran's travel expenses to attend the Founders' Day celebration.
[Hench] encloses his manuscript on yellow fever. He requests that Hutchison write letters of thanks on behalf of the College to the yellow fever informants. He discusses the logistics for Moran's travel.
Hench seeks information about the original Camp Lazear photographs. He draws attention to the incorrect identification of the mosquito building in Kelly's book. He inquires about the source of the “Gentlemen, I salute you” legend, and tries to find the addresses for Blossom Reed, Mrs. Lazear, and Carroll's family.
Hench requests copies of various United States government documents, all marked exhausted.
Hench inquires if the house at “20 General Lee Street” is the same as in 1900.
Hench requests the negative of Alvare's photograph of Camp Lazear.
Hench sends photographs of the Camp Columbia model to Carlisle Barracks, to assist the curator in assembling the model properly for more photographs.
Hench inquires whether Roldan has an English translation of a book on Finlay which was originally written in French. Roldan had loaned the French version to him.
Hench inquires whether Suarez-Solis would make an official statement that the address of number 102 Real Street is the same as in 1900.
Hench requests the address of John R. Taylor, a clerk at Las Animas Hospital in 1901.
Hench seeks copies of "Health Through the Ages" and information on a film strip about Walter Reed.
Armstrong sends copies of the Walter Reed filmstrip and pamphlets of "Health Through the Ages" and "Walter Reed" to Hench.
Hench points out historical errors in documents produced by the Metropolitan Life Insurance Co. concerning yellow fever.
Hench requests information about the Yellow Fever Commission, and for the current names of residents in houses where Walter Reed noted outbreaks of yellow fever in 1900, to verify that the addresses have not changed.
Angles supports the Cuban government's claim for the site of Camp Lazear and rejects the alternative location. He stresses Finlay's preeminence in the yellow fever research. Included is Hench's autograph reaction to Angles' claims.
[Hench] requests corrections to a manuscript and answers to specific questions.
Hench states that Lambert has no legitimate basis for a claim to be included on the Yellow Fever Roll of Honor.
Lundeen acknowledges Hench's letter and promises careful consideration with reference to adding Lambert's name to the Yellow Fever Roll of Honor.
Hough gives the date for the Lazear ceremony and also attaches information on his relationship with Washington and Jefferson College.
Hench requests copies of architectural drawings of the Lazear Building and for permission to quote a statement concerning Lazear's relationship to Washington and Jefferson College.
Webster encloses the Cuban railway plans which are near Camps Columbia and Lazear, and gives some additional information concerning the various sites.
McCubbin informs Hench that he can import the wood specimen into the United States without a permit. The specimen is from a tree on the supposed site of Camp Lazear.
Hench encloses a manuscript with specific questions in regard to a number of paragraphs.
Hench requests permission to see a copy of Finlay's biography of his father. Hench inquires about Carlos J. Finlay's activities and papers.
Hench is searching for the original notes and memoranda by Walter Reed in Cuba and asks Reed if he knows the whereabouts of these items. Hench also is submitting evidence of Camp Lazear's exact location to the Cuban government, and any information Reed has would be invaluable.
Hench poses questions concerning the site of Camp Lazear.
This memorandum contains Manuel Perez Beato's translated responses concerning Camp Columbia.
Hench poses questions concerning the site of Camp Lazear.
Hench poses various questions concerning Las Animas Hospital.
Hench poses questions concerning the site of Camp Lazear.
Hench requests copies of pamphlets and slides to use in the dedication of the Lazear Memorial.
Hench solicits Cooke's comments on Hench's notes. He requests additional information about Camp Lazear and the yellow fever experiments.
Hench requests newspaper information on William H. Dean.
Hench requests information on the Dean Memorial Bridge.
Hench requests the Indianapolis newspaper reports about Reed's 1900 American Public Health Association paper.
Hench requests Havana newspapers from 1900.
Hench requests help obtaining the addresses of Mabel Lazear and the family of James Carroll.
Hench requests help in assessing the age of framboyant trees.
[Hench] seeks further help from Mrs. Phillips in acquiring detailed information on the location of Camp Lazear.
Fishback writes that there was very little newspaper coverage of Reed's paper on the transmission of yellow fever, which was presented at the 1900 Public Health Association meeting.
Cooke writes that he would be glad to look over Hench's memorandum on the yellow fever experiments.
Hench requests details about the infected-clothing building experiments.
Cooke sends Hench his recollections of the experiments at Camp Lazear. He says that it was so long ago that his memory fails him as to many details.
Hench seeks the source of Truby's information about Lazear's illness. He informs Truby about the upcoming Lazear memorial event.
Truby criticizes some members of the Yellow Fever Commission for seeking undue credit. He verifies that his source of information on Lazear's death was Reed.
Truby requests that Hench keep the information he provided on Agramonte confidential.
Finlay is unsure about the location of Camp Lazear. His book on his father, Carlos J. Finlay, has been published, and he cites references in it to Agramonte, Lazear, and Reed.
Finlay writes about the location of Camp Lazear and his recently published biography of his father, Carlos J. Finlay.
Hench seeks permission to incorporate Rodriguez Leon's version of Lazear's death into his manuscript.
[Hutchison] gives Hench details on the upcoming exercises honoring Lazear at Washington and Jefferson College.
Hutchison gives Hench details on the upcoming exercises honoring Lazear at Washington and Jefferson College, and discusses Hench's presentation. He encloses a list of addresses.
[Hench] inquires about Lazear's college career. He discusses a possible guest list for the Lazear Building dedication ceremony.
Hutchison informs Hench that Sun Oil will pay Moran's travel expenses, which will free up Hench's gift for Kissinger.
Hutchison provides details of the upcoming exercises honoring Lazear at Washington and Jefferson College and discusses Hench's presentation. Hutchison also provides information on Lazear's college career.
Hough informs Hench that Cooke will be invited to the upcoming Lazear memorial event and that Kissinger will attend.
Hench describes Cooke's participation in the yellow fever experiments and thinks he deserves recognition.
Hutchison feels Kissinger and Moran may resent the honoring of Cooke.
This certificate recognizes Moran as a hero.
Castro describes a 1904 history of Las Animas Hospital, by Barnet and Guiteras.
Dominguez Roldan describes his book on Finlay's yellow fever work.
Peabody describes his research on Reed and tells Hench where the research materials may be found.
Hench introduces himself to Peabody by describing his interest in Lazear and the yellow fever experiments. He asks if Peabody would send him material that he has written on the subject.
Hench describes his research on Lazear, the Camp Lazear location, and Moran's and Kissinger's experiences. He requests a copy of Peabody's bibliography.
Peabody describes the research material he left at the Welch Medical Library. He mentions that Agramonte's daughter has many of her father's documents.
Peabody will write to the Welch Medical Library and ask that the research material he left there be sent to Hench.
Hench requests that Peabody ask the Welch Medical Library to permit him to borrow or copy Peabody's research material. He encloses a letter introducing himself to Peabody and describing his research on the yellow fever experiments and on Lazear.
Hench describes financial arrangements for the Lazear memorial event. He inquires about buildings shown in the Camp Lazear photo.
Moran describes his difficulties in dealing with the Cuban government regarding the Camp Lazear site. Moran will not attend the University of Virginia or the Washington and Jefferson College events.
Hench urges Moran to attend the two college events. Hench discusses the Camp Lazear site.
Hutchison invites Moran to the Lazear memorial dedication and offers to pay his expenses.
Hutchison wants to know Moran's middle name for the certificate inscription and is delighted the Morans will attend.
Alvare is trying to acquire a photo for Hench.
Alvare sends Hench photographs and offers further help if required.
Andrus comments on the U.S. Army and his health. He also mentions Lambert's problems with his pension.
Hutchison thanks Finlay for the Lazear photo and praises the work of his father, Carlos J. Finlay.
Hench sends Rojas documents to examine which are related to the investigation of the Camp Lazear site.
[Hench] questions Rojas about the location of Camp Lazear.
[Rojas?] gives a history of the San Jose property, a probable site of Camp Lazear.
Hench's handwritten draft discusses the history of the San Jose farm, site of Camp Lazear.
Conat informs Hench that William Dean died in Grand Rapids, and that there is no reference to a Dean Bridge in Detroit.
Rice lists the Havana newspapers that are available in his library and the Library of Congress.
Hallock describes the sources for her article on Reed and yellow fever, responding to Hench's charge that her piece contains historical errors.
Hartzell informs Hench that he cannot find the information Hench requested on Dean, and suggests that he write to Grand Rapids.
Logan sends Peabody's pamphlet and describes the loan policy for the slides that accompany it. He refers Hench to Peabody and gives his address.
Fernandez sends Hench the address of John R. Taylor.
Randolph informs Hench that the book on Finlay he ordered is now available.
Haig reports that he cannot date the tree from the photo, but refers Hench to a forester who may be able to help.
Brooke writes that he would like to receive copies of Hench's memorandum on the yellow fever experiments.
Fishback identifies the newspaper articles sent to Hench about the Public Health Association meeting, in 1900, and notes that a library employee is related to Gorgas.
Stirling informs Hench that he is not permitted to disclose Lazear's and Carroll's addresses, but will forward Hench's letter to them.
Hallock responds to the alleged historical inaccuracies, which Hench has noted, in her Metropolitan Life Insurance-sponsored filmstrip and pamphlet about Reed.
Toepper has sent Hench a copy of the 1904 E.R. Barnett publication on Las Animas Hospital.
Johnson informs Hench that the library will photostat articles for him.
Adams has forwarded Hench's letter requesting copies of maps.
Jordan informs Hench of the arrangements for a University of Virginia dinner in Moran's honor.
Hufford provides information on the Dean Memorial Bridge in Grand Rapids, Michigan, and inquires about arthritis treatment.
Haig has forwarded Hench's letter regarding framboyant trees to Arthur Bevan.
Hench thanks Conat for the information on William Dean.
Hench inquires about a newspaper article on Dean, and asks for a photo of the Dean Memorial Bridge.
Hench asks Hartzell to ignore his earlier letter regarding Dean and the Dean Memorial Bridge.
Hench asks for copies of newspaper articles about Reed's paper on yellow fever, presented in Indianapolis in October, 1900.
Hench requests a copy of Carlos E. Finlay's book about his father, Carlos J. Finlay.
Hench thanks Brooke for the photo of the Camp Columbia model and asks if he may send a copy of it to the Cuban government.
Hench thanks Hartzell for his information on the Dean Memorial Bridge.
[Philip Hench] hopes that his brother, Atcheson, can meet Moran. [Philip Hench] also writes about his honorary degree from Washington and Jefferson College.
Hench thanks Logan for loaning him Peabody's pamphlet on yellow fever.
Hench inquires about obtaining photos of William H. Dean from a newspaper article.
Hench supplies details and references on the yellow fever experiments, correcting errors in the film strip Hallock prepared for the Metropolitan Life Insurance Company.
Hench requests a photograph of the Dean Memorial Bridge and a copy of its memorial inscription.
Hench requests the date of the newspaper article Fishback sent to him.
Hench asks to borrow E.B. Barnet's history of Las Animas Hospital. He comments on the role of Finlay in yellow fever research.
Hench requests old maps of Cuba. He offers his opinion on the roles of Reed and Finlay and the politics behind the debate.
Hench requests copies of the material from Peabody's research on the Yellow Fever Commission.
Hench writes that he hopes Jordan will be able to invite Moran to visit the University of Virginia.
Hench informs Haig that he will write to Bevan regarding the framboyant tree.
Hench thanks Fernandez for Taylor's address.
Hench wants to know if the Dean Memorial Bridge has been renamed.
Hench thanks Logan for lending him Peabody's pamphlet, "The Conquest of Yellow Fever," and requests a copy of Peabody's bibliography.
Hench thanks Stirling for forwarding his letter to the Lazears and the Carrolls.
Kelly discusses the sources of information for his book and explains some details.
Hench has received Cooke's manuscript and will send him his own for comments.
Hutchison hopes Cooke will attend the upcoming ceremony honoring Lazear at Washington and Jefferson College.
Cooke informs Hench that he will not attend the Lazear memorial event. He describes the experimental building at Camp Lazear.
Hench requests information from Reed as to the whereabouts of Reed's father's original notes and memoranda from the Yellow Fever Commission.
Reed informs Hench that he does not know the whereabouts of his father's notes, but he recommends several other avenues for investigation.
[Hench] inquires about the type of speech he should give at the upcoming Lazear memorial. [Hench] feels that Moran and Kissinger would not resent Cooke's inclusion in the event.
Hutchison advises Hench on his speech and describes the conferring of the honorary degree.
Hench discusses the inclusion of Cooke for the Lazear memorial ceremony.
Hutchison informs Hench that Cooke cannot attend the Lazear memorial event. He thinks that Hench need not revise his speech.
[Hench] reports that Rojas has discovered receipts that prove the site of Camp Lazear. [Hench] would like to buy the site and the building remains for restoration.
Hench specifies photo credits for the Lazear memorial souvenir program.
Hutchison is very interested in preserving the surviving Camp Lazear building.
Hutchison discusses the Lazear memorial ceremony.
Hutchison makes suggestions on revising Hench's talk.
Hench discusses details of the upcoming Lazear memorial ceremony.
Hench discusses details of the upcoming Lazear memorial ceremony.
Hench thanks Truby for his map notations.
Truby will send Hench his manuscript and asks for Cooke's address so he may send him a copy. He comments on and sketches the Camp [Columbia?] model, noting inaccuracies.
Truby offers observations on Lazear, Moran, and Kissinger.
Hench describes valuable details on the yellow fever experiments he found in Agramonte's papers. Hench believes, along with Kean, that Agramonte has been treated unjustly.
Truby informs Hench that he had approved the fumigation of Lazear's house.
Truby comments on the validity of Agramonte's statements regarding Lazear's work.
Moran writes that he has information from the Rojas family on Army contracts for the occupation of Camp Lazear.
Moran informs Hench that he has been exploring the area where Camp Lazear was located and has seen part of the infected-clothing building and the site of the mosquito building.
[Hench] writes that he doubts Moran has really found the infected-clothing building. [Hench] wants to buy the property.
[Hench] discusses the identity of the shack on the Rojas farm.
Moran informs Hench that he is sure that he has found the Camp Lazear infected-clothing building, and has investigated the acquisition of the building and surrounding land.
Moran informs Hench that he should be able to acquire the shack on the Rojas farm, which he is sure is the infected-clothing building, for no charge.
Moran discusses the remains of Camp Lazear.
Moran describes his discussions with the Cubans on the proposed Lazear Memorial.
Moran writes that he is certain the shack on the Rojas farm is Camp Lazear Building No. 1, the infected-clothing building.
[Hench] requests that Moran mail the photostats.
Moran translates and transcribes for Hench a letter Moran has received from the Cuban government regarding Camp Lazear.
Hench questions Moran concerning the possible Camp Lazear buildings.
Brewer requests that Moran send him a photograph of himself to be used for publicity.
Brewer thanks Moran for the photograph and other information.
Sutter invites Elida Moran to a luncheon during the Morans' visit to Washington and Jefferson College.
Moran sends Hench extensive notes describing locations, personalities, and other details of the yellow fever experiments and commenting on the actions and attitudes of the Cuban government regarding a Lazear memorial location.
Mrs. Agramonte Rodriguez Leon discusses her father's views on Lazear's and Carroll's actions and roles in the yellow fever experiments, commenting specifically on Hench's notes.
Hench sends Leon his speech for the Lazear memorial event at Washington and Jefferson College.
Leon cables approval of Hench's statements in his Lazear memorial speech.
Hench writes that he will send her a draft of his speech and return borrowed items.
Andrus comments on Truby's draft about his Cuba experiences, especially in regards to Agramonte.
Andrus writes to Cooke with questions regarding the yellow fever experiments and Agramonte's role. Cooke answers the questions in the spaces provided and adds a qualifying note.
Andrus discusses the yellow fever experiments and his own experience with inoculation.
Andrus sends Truby his chapter entitled "I Become a Guinea Pig," but states that he doesn't want to claim undue credit for his role.
Andrus forwards Lambert's letter to Truby, as well as his own sketch of Camp Lazear.
[Hench] discusses the location of Camp Lazear and Building No. 1, expressing his doubts about the site Moran has discovered.
Pogolotti assures Hench that he is positive the shack is Camp Lazear Building No. 1.
Pogolotti advises Hench to purchase the shack and then present it to the Cuban government when restored. He discusses the possibility of raising a monument on the site.
Hench thanks Pogolotti for his help.
Pogolotti informs Hench that Macia will donate his portion of the Camp Lazear property and thinks Macia's partner will do the same.
Pogolotti replies to Hench's questions concerning place names and locations, and traces the history of the ownership of the land where Camp Lazear was located.
The collection finding aid does not list all of the items that are housed in this file.
Moran's translation of entries made in Rojas' journal concern payment by Kean for the use of land on the San Jose farm by the Yellow Fever Commission
Moran's translation of entries made in Rojas' journal are certified by Rojas' widow as conforming in tenor to the original.
Atcheson Hench describes the setting, guests, conversations, and presentations at a dinner given in honor of Moran at which Kean described the yellow fever experiments and Moran answered questions from the guests.
The collection finding aid does not list all of the items that are housed in this file.
This program is for a Washington and Jefferson College production of “Yellow Jack.”
This program includes photographs and text concerning the yellow fever experiments, and Hench's autographed notes.
This is the text of a speech that was given when Washington and Jefferson College conferred an honorary degree of Doctor of Science upon Hench.
Lopez states that his father leased land from Ignacio Rojas and that he himself lived in the structure identified as Camp Lazear Building No. 1 by Moran. He describes some of the structural features as unusual for Cuban buildings and states that Building No. 2 was torn down in 1927.
Macia writes that Moran may obtain the shack at no cost, or at the least possible cost, after Macia consults with his partners in the brickyard business.
[Hench] appreciates Macia's willingness to donate Building No. 1 and a small plot of land to memorialize the Commission.
Macia informs Hench that he is willing to donate Building No. 1, but must wait for his partner to return before giving a definite answer.
Rojas rents the lime kilns and quarries on his San Jose farm to Zunzunegui, who may occupy the two small wooden houses.
Sosa leases the San Jose farm.
Bevan writes that he will help estimate the ages of the framboyant trees, but notes that dating them will be difficult.
Wheeler reports that she has found several items Peabody gave to the library.
Lake sends a copy of the bibliography Hench requested.
The Welch Medical Library has found Peabody's material on yellow fever and will send it to Hench.
Brewer requests a photograph of Hench to help publicize the presentation of Hench's honorary degree.
Davis informs Hench that he will unable to attend the ceremony honoring Hench.
Peabody informs Hench that she has her father's yellow fever slide collection and is willing to let Hench borrow it. She inquires about the Lazear Memorial Building dedication at Washington and Jefferson College.
Brewer requests a photograph of Hench for publicity purposes.
Brewer requests a copy of Hench's speech for publication in newspapers.
Sam thanks Philip Hench for the invitation to attend the Lazear memorial ceremony, but must stay home.
Sue sends Hench her congratulations and says she will attend the Washington and Jefferson College exercises.
Wheeler informs Hench that she has sent him five photos of Reed, Lazear, etc.
George sends Hench his congratulations and regrets that he will not be able to attend the Washington and Jefferson College ceremony. In the postscript, he offers a brief political statement.
Morrison regrets that he cannot attend the ceremony and remembers fondly the time he spent with Hench when Hench was young.
Brewer requests a copy of Hench's speech for newspaper release.
Atcheson Hench regrets that he will miss the Washington and Jefferson College ceremony.
Woods congratulates Hench on his honorary degree, but will not be able to attend the ceremony.
Hufford writes that Hench has been sent pictures of the Dean Bridge, now called the Fulton Street Bridge, in Grand Rapids, Michigan.
The Churches send Hench congratulations and thanks for the invitation to the Washington and Jefferson College exercises, but it is impossible for them to attend.
Atcheson Hench details the dinner given in honor of Moran.
Jordan writes about the Moran dinner, held the night before, and reports that Moran spoke very well.
Driscoll thanks Hench for the invitation to the Washington and Jefferson College event and expresses her affection for him.
Alice and Burke congratulate Hench and are sorry they cannot attend the Washington and Jefferson College event.
Susan, Mary, and Kahler [Hench] write that they will be thinking about Hench today and send their love.
The Simpsons congratulate Hench and regret that they will not be able to attend the Washington and Jefferson College event.
Hench's friends congratulate him on his honorary degree.
The Peabodys regret that they cannot attend the Washington and Jefferson College event.
Repp sends Hench her congratulations.
Lulu and Had send their congratulations.
Maria Teresa Loma viuda de Rojas, et al., send congratulations to Hench.
Kahler congratulates Hench.
[The Butsches] congratulate Hench.
[One of Hench's children] sends love to his/her parents.
Phillips settles accounts with Hench for stenography and transcription work related to Hench's research in Cuba.
Wheeler informs Hench he may copy any of the library's yellow fever material.
Arnett congratulates Hench on his honorary degree and hopes to visit him in Rochester.
Clemons thanks Hench for suggesting Moran's visit and reports that the dinner for Moran went very well.
Hench requests that Phillips send him the statements by Rojas and Leon.
Hench thanks Hallock for the copies and will send her his memoranda.
Hench thanks Hufford for his help regarding the Dean Bridge.
Hench writes that he hopes Moran will be able to attend the University of Virginia event and is glad that Cooke has been invited.
Hench informs Brewer that he will send him a photograph for publicity use.
Hench writes that he will send Brewer a copy of his upcoming Washington and Jefferson College speech.
Hench thanks Alvare for the photos, and will send copies of his papers on Lazear and Camp Lazear to both Ramos and Alvare.
Hench thanks Castro for the reference to the publication on Las Animas Hospital.
Hench offers to pay for a stenographer to record Moran's and Cooke's remarks if they speak at the University of Virginia dinner.
Hench assures Peabody that her students would be welcome at the Lazear memorial event. He will send the Peabodys a copy of his speech and would like a list of slides from her.
Hench gives Schnurr some background information for the speech he is giving at Washington and Jefferson College.
Hench informs Wheeler that he will return the material he has used but would like to keep the rest longer.
Hench informs Brewer that he has airmailed his speech for the Lazear memorial event to Hutchison.
Hench informs Jordan that the Lazear memorial event went well and that his brother Atcheson Hench found the University of Virginia event to be very interesting.
Hench requests additional programs and copies of photographs from the Lazear memorial ceremony. He sends Brewer an article from Rochester on the event.
Hench thanks Hough for the Lazear family addresses.
This is the text of Hench's speech, which was given at the dedication of the Lazear Memorial Building at Washington and Jefferson College.
This is the text of Hench's speech, which was given at the dedication of the Lazear Memorial Building at Washington and Jefferson College.
This is the text of Hench's speech, which was given at the dedication of the Lazear Memorial Building at Washington and Jefferson College.
This is the text of Hench's speech, which was given at the dedication of the Lazear Memorial Building at Washington and Jefferson College.
This is the text of Hench's speech, which was given at the dedication of the Lazear Memorial Building at Washington and Jefferson College.
Andrus solicits commentary from Truby on his article. He mentions previous correspondence with Hench and states that he does not know the details of how Kissinger and Moran became volunteers.
Hench is preparing for a medical trip. He enjoyed the Lazear memorial ceremony and sends Moran some clippings.
Hench discusses his associates' interest in preserving Building No. 1. He plans to publish his data on the location of Camp Lazear in hopes that the Cubans will be interested in this information.
Hench describes the Lazear memorial event at Washington and Jefferson College. Hench is glad that the Camp Lazear site is owned by Macia, as Macia is a man who appreciates history.
Hench describes the Lazear memorial ceremony at Washington and Jefferson College and sends her a clipping. He believes that the Camp Lazear memorial and preservation of Building No. 1 will be carried out successfully.
Spielmacher explains that the pictures of the Dean Memorial Bridge plaque sent to Hench are of poor quality because the plaque has deteriorated.
The memorandum includes a transcription of the plaque inscription on the William H. Dean Memorial Bridge, in Grand Rapids, Michigan.
Hench sends Clemons a clipping about the Lazear memorial event. He hopes to publish the material from his Lazear address in a medical journal.
Hench describes the Lazear memorial event at Washington and Jefferson College. He writes about how glad Mabel Lazear was to learn the truth about her husband's sacrifice. Hench believes that the Camp Lazear memorial and preservation of Building No. 1 will be carried out successfully.
Hench requests additional copies of a newspaper article from "The Washington Reporter."
Hench requests additional copies of a newspaper article from "The Washington Observer."
Hutchison is checking on the items from the Lazear memorial event, which Hench requested. Hutchison requests that Hench send information on the plans for a yellow fever memorial so he can submit them to local newspapers.
Parcell describes the dioramas he has constructed and quotes Hench a price for them.
Clemons acknowledges receipt of the newspaper clipping and the Washington and Jefferson College program. He will preserve these items with the other yellow fever material at Alderman Library at the University of Virginia.
Hart suggests that Hench publish his Washington and Jefferson College address in a popular medical magazine.
Hench discusses the publication of his Washington Jefferson College address and thanks Hart for his interest.
Hench orders publications from the Old Hickory Bookshop.
Brewer has sent Hench copies of the Washington and Jefferson College program and will send photographs, a film, and souvenir cake plates as soon as possible.
Hench thanks Brewer for the film, photographs, and extra programs of the Washington and Jefferson College event.
Brewer will send Hench more photographs from the Lazear memorial event. He notes that he cannot find the autographed photographs of Moran and Kissinger.
Hench urges Brewer to search for the missing autographed photographs of Moran and Kissinger. He appreciates receiving additional memorabilia from the Lazear memorial event.
Hutchison gives Hench guidelines for Hench's article on his Camp Lazear discovery and the planned memorial.
McClain requests to borrow the film that Hench had made for the Washington and Jefferson College event.
Hench writes that he was glad to receive the film and photographs taken during the events at Washington and Jefferson College. He points out that his autographed photographs of Kissinger and Moran have still not been returned.
Hench suggests inserting a series of still photographs into McClain's film in order to record the ceremony at Washington and Jefferson College more fully.
Hutchison attempts to clear up the confusion about the number of photographs requested by Hench. He informs him that the autographed photographs by Moran and Kissinger still cannot be located.
Hench is sure Hutchison will find the missing autographed photographs. He corrects a professional title for use in a citation.
This issue contains an article on John J. Moran.
Hutchison requests another copy of Moran's autographed photograph to send to Hench.
Hutchison sends Moran a photograph and requests that he autograph it for Hench.
Truby thanks Hench for the clippings and program from the Lazear memorial event. He would like to have his manuscript returned soon so that he may make revisions. He reveals new information about the buildings of the yellow fever hospital and believes Lazear died in one of them.
Hench promises to return Truby's manuscript with comments next week.
Truby hopes to have Hench's comments on his manuscript by January 15, 1941. He would like to hear about the Washington and Jefferson College memorial events.
Hench promises to send Truby memorabilia on the Washington and Jefferson College events and to start working on Truby's manuscript.
Lambert claims that he should be recognized for his Yellow Fever Commission service. He discusses other nurses and doctors whom he believes were instrumental in the experiments but have not been recognized.
Sigerist would like to publish Hench's lecture on the history of the Yellow Fever Commission in Johns Hopkins University's "Bulletin of the History of Medicine."
Berkson writes that he was impressed by Hench's lecture on the yellow fever experiments. He thinks Hench's paper should be published in Johns Hopkins University's "Bulletin of the History of Medicine."
Hench writes that he would like to give his talk on the yellow fever experiments at the University of Virginia. He believes this would help him to raise money for a memorial at Camp Lazear.
Horton agrees to facilitate an invitation for Hench to give his lecture on the yellow fever experiments at the University of Virginia..
The Mayo Clinic newspaper includes an announcement of an upcoming illustrated speech by Hench concerning his yellow fever research.
McClain will follow Hench's suggestion of making still photographs from the film produced during the dedication ceremony of the Lazear Building at Washington and Jefferson College.
Hench acknowledges the return of his films and would like extra footage if McClain has any.
Brewer promises to send Hench photographs taken at the Lazear memorial event. He claims that he never received the autographed photographs of Moran and Kissinger.
Hench thanks Brewer for the photographs of the Lazear memorial event. He regrets the trouble over the missing Moran and Kissinger photographs, but is certain that he sent them to Brewer.
McClain has sent Hench copies of the Lazear Memorial Building dedication booklet.
Hench's Kissinger and Moran photographs cannot be found. Hutchison has requested new autographed photographs from both men.
Hench wants to pay for duplicate photographs of Moran and Kissinger. He has not yet received the other photographs or the souvenir booklets from the Lazear memorial event. Hench regrets that there is no photograph of himself receiving his honorary degree [from Washington and Jefferson College].
Hutchinson informs Hench that his off-handed remark was taken literally by McClain and has been printed in a Washington and Jefferson publication.
Hench writes that he is embarrassed that his off-handed comment appeared in a Washington and Jefferson College publication. He begs Hutchison to stop distribution and have it corrected, at Hench's expense.
Hutchison informs Hench that the Washington and Jefferson publication - part of the practical joke played on Hench - need not be recalled. The only copy was sent to Hench.
Hench discusses the practical joke involving the Washington and Jefferson College publication.
Peabody thanks Hench for his letter telling them about the Washington and Jefferson College event. They have received programs and a telegram from Hutchison. She sends a list of her father's yellow fever slides.
The list of Peabody's slides includes six major topics: historical background, the yellow fever experiments in Cuba, results of the yellow fever experiments, later history of the yellow fever heroes, the yellow fever bill, and the Walter Reed Memorial in Indianapolis.
Hench informs Peabody that he hopes to have a paper on his yellow fever research published soon. Hench will send her a copy before it is published.
Brewer requests that Moran autograph a picture of himself for Hench, to replace the one that has been lost. Moran has been made an honorary alumnus of Washington and Jefferson College.
Peabody thanks Hench for the program and summary of his speech from the Lazear memorial event. He praises Hench's research on the events surrounding the conquest of yellow fever.
Hench informs Peabody that he hopes to revise his yellow fever draft soon and will send his family a copy.
The collection finding aid does not list all of the items that are housed in this file.
Contains a list of contributors to the Chemistry Building Fund. This is the document which served as the cornerstone of the practical joke played on Hench. Hench's alma mater is the crux of the prank.
This is a series of partial manuscripts detailing the yellow fever experiments. Topics include the Yellow Fever Roll of Honor, Moran's role in the experiments, the controversy concerning Reed's and Finlay's contributions to the conquest of yellow fever, and Moran's experiences at the University of Virginia.
Truby describes his experiences and observations in Cuba from 1898-1902, focusing on Lazear's story.
This list records names and addresses of persons in the United States and Cuba who received copies of "Conquerors of Yellow Fever."
[Hench?] lists names and addresses of persons connected with his work on the history of the yellow fever experiments.
The collection finding aid does not list all of the items that are housed in this file.
This list records Hench's friends and relatives who are to be invited to the ceremony awarding him an honorary Washington and Jefferson College degree.
Hench lists questions he has for Jefferson Randolph Kean and the curators at the Army Medical Museum and Library concerning the yellow fever experiments.
Schnurr gives [Lawrence?] Reed her address.
Vergara provides Malaret with historical information on Havana's Military City, formerly Camp Columbia.
This Mayo Clinic newsletter includes a notice that Hench will attend the dedication of Washington and Jefferson College's Lazear Memorial Building, and will be awarded an honorary degree.
This shipping order notes that photographs of Reed have been sent to Hench.
[Hench?] instructs Schnurr in typing a document for him.
These are epitaph memorials, dedicated by the Finlay Institute, to Maass and Lazear for their work in the conquest of yellow fever.
These are epitaph memorials, dedicated by the Finlay Institute, to Maass and Lazear for their work in the conquest of yellow fever.
The collection finding aid does not list all of the items that are housed in this file.
Cabrera writes about the history of the Pedroso Palace in Havana, Cuba.
Hench writes about presenting documentary evidence to the Cuban government on the actual location of Camp Lazear. Hench will send a brochure which includes his speech concerning Lazear and the yellow fever work.
McClain informs Hench that he is sending him copies of the Alumni Bulletin, from Washington and Jefferson College.
Hutchison sends Hench autographed pictures of Kissinger and Moran. He also discusses his latest family trip.
Hench gently chides Hutchison for omitting to send the promised autographed pictures of Kissinger and Moran. Hench requests additional copies of "A Milestone." He also solicits fund-raising advice for a planned memorial in Havana, Cuba.
Hench expresses gratitude for the receipt of the Alumni Bulletin, from Washington and Jefferson College, but requests additional copies. He wants to use the publication in connection with his campaign to memorialize Camp Lazear.
Hutchison apologizes for not being able to send the requested number of reprints. He suggests asking Pew for a donation toward the yellow fever memorial in Havana. Hutchison promises that Mabel Lazear will receive a copy of the program and memorial plate honoring her husband.
Hench asks for any available copies of the brochure "A Mile Post" and/or Alumni Bulletins, from Washington and Jefferson College. Hench questions a request for his biographical data from Washington and Jefferson College officials since he assumes they have it already on file.
McClain writes that he will send Hench a package of "A Mile Post" brochures. He reports that there are no additional copies of Alumni Bulletins. The film made during Founders' Day celebration at the college turned out well.
Crane congratulates Hench on his article, "The Conquerors of Yellow Fever." He would like to secure a copy of Dean Cornwell's painting to add it to his collection dealing with Medical History.
Withington mentions the publication of a third series of paintings entitled "Pioneers of American Medicine." Withington suggests a meeting in order to discuss this series. He requests information on Walter Reed.
Hench requests extending the loan of a library book for photocopying purposes.
Bay grants Hench permission to keep the library book as long as needed for photocopying purposes.
Hench thanks Bay for the extension of the library book loan.
Hench requests microfilms and photostats from the Army Medical Library pertaining to the yellow fever investigation.
Hench suggests meeting with Cornwell and Withington to discuss a possible future painting to be included in their series entitled "Pioneers of American Medicine." He offers to present them with his research on the Yellow Fever Commission. Hench discusses his memorial plans in Cuba.
Hench thanks Sigerist for his offer to publish his paper on yellow fever in the Johns Hopkins "Bulletin of the History of Medicine."
Hallock informs Hench that the inaccuracies in the Walter Reed filmstrip have been corrected and that Hench will receive a copy of the film. Autographed notes by Hench are included in the letter.
Brewer requests that [Hench?] complete the biographical questionnaire for the Washington and Jefferson Alumni catalogue.
Sigerist informs Hench that Johns Hopkins is unable to publish Hench's various papers as a monograph.
Hench thanks Adams for the copy of a map of Camp Columbia. He requests additional maps of sites used by the U.S. Army Yellow Fever Board, in 1900-1901.
Hench advises that a model of Camp Columbia be corrected. He also requests to have photographs taken of the model.
Hench asks the reference librarian about the availability of material pertaining to the work of the U.S. Army Yellow Fever Commission in 1900.
Hench requests copies of publications pertaining to the U.S. Army Yellow Fever Commission.
Hench requests documents dealing with U.S. Army activities in Cuba between 1899 and 1902.
Kellogg informs Moran that a series of paintings entitled "Pioneers of American Medicine" is planned. Moran will receive copies of the first two paintings, produced by Cornwell. Kellogg requests a photograph of Moran taken around the year 1900.
Kellogg informs Andrus about the series of paintings entitled "Pioneers of American Medicine," produced by John Wyeth & Brother, Inc. The third painting will be entitled "The Conquest of Yellow Fever."
Kellogg informs Lawrence Reed that he will receive copies of the first two paintings in the series "Pioneers of American Medicine." He requests to meet with Lawrence Reed.
Materials relate to the solicitation of donations for the Washington and Jefferson College 1941 Alumni Fund.
Hutchison regrets that no additional copies of the Alumni Bulletin are available. Mabel Lazear will receive the memorial plate honoring Jesse Lazear. He requests that Hench complete the biographical questionnaire for the Alumni Directory.
Hench sends payment for the memorial plate sent to Mabel Lazear. Hench promises to send biographical information for the Alumni Directory.
Hench thanks McClain for the additional brochures. He is curious to see the film made during the dedication ceremony of the Lazear Building.
McClain encloses a receipt for the amounts given to Washington and Jefferson College as gifts during the year 1940.
Lhotka explains the procedure for an inter-library loan. He lists all documents containing information on the work of the Yellow Fever Commission.
Willis informs Hench that photographs have been made of the Camp Columbia model.
Hench requests photographs showing the Camp Columbia model, which he wishes to copy and distribute to interested parties, including Truby and Kean.
Viets invites Hench to submit a manuscript, on Jesse Lazear's work in Cuba, for publication in the "Bulletin of the Medical Library Association."
Willis sends Hench the negatives which he requested and thanks Hench for a reprint.
Hench describes four papers dealing with the historical research on yellow fever. He prefers to have all four published as a small monograph.
Hench thanks Willis for the negatives of the Camp Columbia model and promises to return them as soon as they are copied.
Harwick comments on Hench's annual report. Hench will continue working on experimental jaundice and researching the history of yellow fever.
Freer informs Hench that no record of a map of Camp Columbia made in 1900 or 1901 could be found. He will send Hench two additional maps prepared in 1902 and 1907.
Parsons lists the names of newspapers and magazines published in Havana, Cuba, which are available at the Periodical Division of the Library of Congress. "La Discusion," from February 8, 1901, shows a front-page cartoon ridiculing various theories on yellow fever - including the mosquito vector.
The "Bulletin of the Medical Library Association" accepts Hench's papers on yellow fever for publication.
Hench thanks Gooch for a copy of published reports by the Military Governor of Cuba for the years 1899 to 1901. He requests similar reports for the years 1898 and 1902. Hench is also looking for official documents referring to the "Cuban War" and the American intervention thereafter.
Hench requests the key to the numbered buildings shown in a 1902 map of Columbia Barracks.
Hench requests the key to the numbered buildings shown in a 1902 map of Columbia Barracks.
Hench requests a large number of U.S. government publications published between 1898 and 1902. These documents are necessary for the preparation of a report to the Cuban government.
Hench requests a large number of U.S. government publications published between 1898 and 1902. These documents are necessary for the preparation of a report to the Cuban government.
Tisdel provides a list of government publications that are available and those which are out-of-print.
Hench orders publications from the U.S. Government Printing Office and encloses a check to cover the charges.
The U.S. Government Printing Office acknowledges receipt of Hench's order. The publication requested is currently out-of-stock.
Schwegmann, Jr. informs Hench about services the Library of Congress's Photoduplication Service provides for its patrons.
Schwegmann, Jr. informs Hench about the price of microfilms from the Library of Congress. He encloses order forms.
Hench thanks Viets for his offer to consider publishing Hench's yellow fever papers in the "Bulletin of the Medical Library Association."
Freer informs Hench that his office cannot find the key to the map of Columbia Barracks, Cuba. However, he suggests that a participant from the time period might be able to help. Furthermore, there is no record that a map of Camp Lazear was ever prepared.
Kellogg sends Cooke copies of the first two paintings in the "Pioneers of American Medicine" series. Kellogg requests permission to contact Cooke again in order to obtain data for the next painting.
[Hench's?] list of yellow fever correspondents records the names and addresses of Americans and Cubans with whom he corresponded for his yellow fever research.
[Hench's?] list of yellow fever correspondents records the names and addresses of Americans and Cubans with whom he corresponded for his yellow fever research.
[Hench's?] list of yellow fever correspondents records the names and addresses of Americans and Cubans with whom he corresponded for his yellow fever research.
Hench discusses his report on the true location of Camp Lazear. He requests additional information from Webster.
Hench discusses his report on the true location of Camp Lazear. He requests additional information from Webster.
Webster informs Hench that the railway company does not plan to remove a portion of the track near the Military Hospital. He thanks him for his kind remarks during Hench's address at the dedication of the memorial at Washington and Jefferson College.
Hench thanks Webster for his help in finding the location of Camp Lazear and in identifying the "false camp." Hench discusses his plans to honor the site of Lazear's death.
Webster makes some small corrections on Hench's sketch of Camp Lazear. He sends him various maps of Marianao.
Hench thanks Webster for finding the old maps of the Havana Railroad. Hench is searching for information regarding the locations around Cuba that were once connected with the yellow fever experiments.
Hench describes his yellow fever project to Webster. He discusses his theory regarding the true location of Camp Lazear. Hench inquires if there is a map of the area from circa 1900, showing the relationship of this railroad track to the dimensions of Columbia Barracks.
Hench requests that Pogolotti review his report concerning the true location of Camp Lazear before he sends it to Ramos.
Hench requests that Rojas review his report on the true location of Camp Lazear. He informs her that he plans to visit Havana soon.
Hench requests that Rodriguez-Leon review his report to Ramos, concerning the true location of Camp Lazear, before he arrives in Havana.
Ireland thanks Hench for his manuscript, which he promises to review carefully. He hopes to meet Hench in Washington soon.
Armstrong thanks Hench for sending him a copy of his address on Lazear, given at the dedication of the Lazear Memorial Building at Washington and Jefferson College. He congratulates him on finding the true site of Camp Lazear and his efforts to erect a memorial on the site.
Webster apologizes for the delay in answering Hench's last letter. He has not yet met with Moran.
Jordan thanks Hench for a copy of his speech about Lazear, which was given during the dedication of the Lazear Memorial Building at Washington and Jefferson College.
Wheeler thanks Hench for the items he sent her concerning yellow fever.
Clemons expresses gratitude for receiving Hench's card and various newspaper clippings. He requests a copy of Hench's speech delivered at the Lazear Building dedication.
Hench orders two copies of Carlos E. Finlay's book about his father and yellow fever.
McClain returns photographs to Hench, which had been believed lost.
Hutchison discusses an issue of "True Comics," which featured the story about Lazear. He writes that he has subscribed to the publication and has ordered additional copies for local schoolchildren.
Kellogg refers to Dominguez's book on Finlay's work, which he has not yet read. Kellogg discusses Finlay's mosquito vector theory and the later work of the Yellow Fever Commission. Kellogg is anxious that all involved receive due credit for the conquest of yellow fever and that too much emphasis on Finlay's contributions be avoided.
Cooke endorses Hench's findings concerning the actual sites of Camp Lazear and the Yellow Fever Hospital. Cooke expresses hope that the site will be preserved as a fitting memorial to the conquest of yellow fever by Finlay, Reed and his colleagues.
Cooke approves Hench's report on his investigation of the actual site of Camp Lazear. He feels that the definite proof of the exact location, and its preparation as a memorial to the Yellow Fever Commission, is a valuable historic achievement. An attached autograph note provides physical details of the site.
Hench wants Cooke to look over his report to prove the actual location of Camp Lazear. The report will be presented to Ramos in Cuba. Hench requests that Cooke write to Ramos if he supports Hench's claim.
Albertini thanks Hench for his letter and interesting items concerning yellow fever. He hopes to meet Hench after his arrival in Havana.
Hench comments on the Lazear story in "True Comics." Hench also discusses his travel plans in Cuba and his presentation to the Cuban Minister of Defense.
Gooch responds to Hench's questions concerning Gooch's yellow fever research.
Hench asks Cooke to edit his letter to Ramos, requesting that he emphasize Finlay's contribution.
Hench writes that he is glad the autographed photographs of Moran and Kissinger have been found.
Hench requests Report No. 841, 71st Congress from the Government Printing Office.
Hench will be in Florida and Havana for several weeks. He informs Wheeler that he will leave the yellow fever data from her library in his office.
Cooke complies with Hench's suggested alterations to his letter to Ramos. He thanks Hench for all the material Hench sent him concerning the Lazear Memorial celebration.
Clemons adds a copy of "A Mile Post" to the material at the Alderman Library, University of Virginia, on the conquest of yellow fever. He congratulates Hench for establishing the actual site of Camp Lazear.
McKenna lists room prices at the Hotel Nacional de Cuba, in Havana.
Hench provides information about resorts in Cuba.
Tisdel informs Hench that House Report No. 841, 71st Congress is not available.
Pogolotti sends New Year greetings to Hench.
Viets offers to submit some of Hench's yellow fever papers to the "Bulletin of the Medical Library Association" for publication.
Hench's secretary informs Viets that Hench is out of town, therefore he will not be able to submit his yellow fever papers on time.
Hench informs Viets that he is unable to submit his yellow fever papers for publication at this time.
Hench thanks Ara for the aerial pictures of the Military Hospital in Havana. As requested, Ara will receive a copy of the "Proceedings of the Mayo Clinic Staff Meetings" on a regular basis.
Hench thanks Ascanio for the hospitality extended to him during his visit to the Military Hospital. Copies of the "Proceedings of the Mayo Clinic Staff Meetings" will be sent to him and his friends regularly.
Hench thanks Iglesias for his hospitality during his visit to the Military Hospital. He informs him that he will receive a copy of the "Proceedings of the Mayo Clinic Staff Meetings" on a regular basis.
Hench is grateful to Ireland for his interest in the preservation of Camp Lazear and Building No. 1. Hench and Moran will make inquiries into the cost of the preservation.
Ireland informs Hench of his upcoming travel plans.
Hench hopes to see Ireland in Cleveland when the Wyeth company will give a preview of their Walter Reed Yellow Fever painting.
Fors informs Hench that it is not possible to definitively date the trees found around the site Hench believes to be Building No. 1.
Bullard writes that he will be happy to meet with Hench.
Hench sends some photographs to Bullard. He has not had time to write up Bullard's story, but will do so soon.
Bullard sends Hench some photographs. He was happy to meet with Hench.
Bullard thanks Hench for the snapshots. He is looking forward to receiving Hench's write-up about him.
Hench thanks Bullard for the photographs, but requests that Bullard autograph them for posterity and identification purposes.
Bullard returns the autographed photographs to Hench. He requests that Hench spell the Cuban capital's name correctly, i.e. "Habana" instead of "Havana."
Hench thanks Bullard for the autographed photographs. He describes the unveiling, performed by his daughter, of the Walter Reed painting. He includes the names of dignitaries in attendance. Kissinger suffered a major stroke after the unveiling.
Bullard provides Hench with dates for the photographs which he had sent.
Hench sends a manuscript to Bullard for his corrections and amendments.
Bullard returns Hench's manuscript with his corrections.
Hench informs Bullard that he is forwarding his manuscript to Kean after Bullard's review. He asks Bullard for clarification concerning some of his remarks. Hench explains the difference between the Havana Yellow Fever Board and the U.S. Army Yellow Fever Board.
Bullard describes his malaria attack. He clarifies his remarks about the Habana Yellow Fever Board.
This is Hench's write-up of his interview with Bullard, focusing on Bullard's experience during the yellow fever experiments. Hench's autograph notes are included.
The collection finding aid does not list all of the items that are housed in this file.
Gooch informs Hench that the information he requested is available at the Library of Congress.
Hamer replies to Hench's request for an estimate of the cost of reproduction of documents relating to Walter Reed and the study of Yellow Fever.
Hench requests information about the Walter Reed Memorial Day. He describes his research on the conquest of yellow fever.
Hamer replies to Hench's request concerning material relating to yellow fever in Cuba.
This microfilm includes the medical history of Columbia Barracks Post Hospital and records from the War Department, Office of the Adjutant General.
Blanton informs Hench that the annual meeting of the historical section of the Richmond Academy of Medicine is called "Walter Reed Day," not "Walter Reed Memorial Day."
Hench informs Gonzalez that he will receive a complimentary copy of the "Proceedings of the Mayo Clinic Staff Meetings" on a regular basis.
Hench inquires as to whether the Library of Congress has a copy of Memoria del Hospital Numero Uno.
Simpson sends Hench a print made from a framed picture. He offers to bring the original with him when he sees Hench next, as he believes it might be useful for Hench's Walter Reed collection.
Hench thanks Simpson for the photograph he sent. He informs him that he will speak during a preview unveiling of the Walter Reed Yellow Fever group painting, and invites Simpson to attend.
Hench invites Carroll to attend the unveiling of the Walter Reed Yellow Fever group painting.
The collection finding aid does not list all of the items that are housed in this file.
Law notes the unveiling and reception to introduce Cornwell's painting, “Conquerors of Yellow Fever”, and lists honorary guests.
Hench thanks Reed for lending her copy of her father's letters to him, and informs her of his plans for returning them to her. He also expresses the hope that she will have the letters published.
Hench sends Reed a copy of a talk he has given at the dedication of the Lazear Memorial Building at Washington and Jefferson College. He mentions the possibility of visiting her later. He also inquires as to whom she might have given some of her husband's letters, especially those from October 1900 to January 1901.
Hench orders photocopies of yellow fever material from the Library of Congress.
Hench requests permission to look at telegrams sent and received by the Surgeon General's office between 1900 and 1901.
Hench requests permission to borrow Dominguez's manuscript in English. The manuscript deals with Carlos Finlay and his yellow fever work.
Hench requests that Simpson show his yellow fever material to a publisher for possible publication.
Hench thanks Franck for her work.
Hench informs Simpson of Kissinger's severe stroke and asks that he write a note to Kissinger's wife. Hench receives a photograph taken during the unveiling of the Walter Reed Yellow Fever painting, and offers to send Simpson a copy.
Hench writes to [his parents] about his recent trip east; where he attended medical conventions, spoke at the unveiling of Dean Cornwell's “Conquerors of Yellow Fever” painting, and enjoyed alumni events at his alma mater.
Gill sends Hench a manuscript of Francisco Dominguez's biography of Carlos J. Finlay.
Simpson comments on Kissinger's stroke and requests a photograph of the Cornwell painting unveiling. He informs Hench that two men connected with medical journals are eager to publish Hench's speech on the yellow fever story, which he delivered at the unveiling ceremony.
Brooke informs Hench that records related to Reed and the yellow fever experiments are available for his use.
Hench thanks Brooke for locating the Walter Reed records and writes that he hopes to come to Washington in the fall.
Hench sends Simpson a photograph from the Cornwell painting unveiling and comments on Kissinger's condition after his stroke. He is not sure that the medical journal publishers are as interested in his yellow fever speech as Simpson believes them to be.
Hench thanks Gill for loaning him the Dominguez manuscript on Finlay, and would like to be informed when a publication decision is made.
Hench questions Ascanio about a photograph and map he had asked Ascanio to acquire for him.
Hamer requests that Hench supply him with the titles of articles and books he has published which use substantial information from the National Archives.
Hench informs Simpson about Kissinger's failing health.
Hench requests copies of Camp Columbia maps for himself and for the Cuban Chief of Engineers of Military City. He explains his research on the yellow fever experiments and Camp Lazear.
Hench is seeking copies of Camp Columbia maps for himself and for the Cuban Chief of Engineers of Military City.
Hench informs Hamer that he never received the material he requested from the National Archives.
Hamer is sending copies of the requested documents, but informs Hench that most of the documents he has requested are scattered through too many files for his staff to find and copy. He invites Hench to come and examine the documents himself.
Hamer acknowledges Hench's letter and promises he will give his attention to the matter.
Hench asks Reed's permission to show Laura Wood Roper copies of Walter Reed's letters.
Hench sends Ireland photographs from Washington and a copy of his speech at the Cornwell painting unveiling. He informs Ireland of Kissinger's stroke and Blossom Reed's heart attack.
Ireland thanks Hench for the photographs and copy of his speech. He feels Kissinger should be sent to a Veterans Bureau Hospital, not to Walter Reed Hospital. He refers Hench to a friend, in Washington, who has a suggestion about locating Camp Lazear. He informs Hench that Blossom Reed has recovered well from her illness.
Hench mentions the possible publication of his recent paper. He would like to know what to do about showing his copies of Walter Reed's letters to Laura Wood Roper. Hench, along with Kean and Ireland, are trying to memorialize the true site of Camp Lazear.
Hench describes his yellow fever research and his speech at the unveiling of the Cornwell painting, suggesting that Fishbein might be interested in publishing the speech, perhaps including a reproduction of the painting, in the journal "Hygeia."
Hench inquires about a book concerning Military Hospital No. 1, in Havana.
Edmundson informs Hench that he enjoyed the Cornwell painting unveiling and that he hopes Kissinger will recover.
Hench inquires if it would be possible to have the Sternberg correspondence copied or microfilmed, if it is not very extensive.
Hench informs [Edmundson] of Kissinger's stroke.
Lambert writes that he has been recuperating at the Army Hospital in Hot Springs, Arkansas, and thanks Truby for his help.
Marsh is sending Hench Camp Columbia maps.
Hench requests permission to borrow and copy a book on the history of Military Hospital No. 1.
Hench discusses his ongoing research, the Cornwell painting, "Conquerors of Yellow Fever," Kissinger's stroke and Blossom Reed's heart attack.
Kellogg describes to Fishbein the possibilities of including a plate of Cornwell's painting in Hench's article for the journal "Hygeia."
Fishbein discusses publication of Hench's article in "Hygeia," and informs Kellogg that they wish to include a colored insert.
Kellogg informs Fishbein that they will supply inserts of Cornwell's "Conquerors of Yellow Fever" for Hench's "Hygeia" article.
Hench inquires about Kissinger's medical condition.
Hench's list records microfilmed documents from the National Archives, including official reports and correspondence concerning Columbia Barracks Post Hospital, from 1899 to 1901.
Hench's list records microfilmed documents from the National Archives, including official reports and correspondence concerning Columbia Barracks Post Hospital, from 1899 to 1901.
Lambert informs Truby that he feels better after his stay in Hot Springs, Arkansas. He has discovered the names of the immune nurses who served at Quemados, and asserts that Kelly's book errs in stating that yellow fever was best treated with the aid of trained female nurses. He maintains that Ames was most successful in treating yellow fever when he used male orderlies.
Hench thanks Diaz for identifying the men in the photograph and asks him to find out how much it would cost to have the book on Military Hospital No. 1 photostated in Cuba.
Galbreath comments on John Kissinger's medical condition and Ida Kissinger's personality.
Lida writes about enjoying her vacation.
Hench comments on the Kissingers. He appreciates the medical care Galbreath is providing them.
Hench inquires about obtaining photostats of publications on Military Hospital No. 1.
Hench requests a reply to his inquiry.
Hench returns research material borrowed from the Welch Medical Library, correcting misinformation regarding the Camp Lazear site. He inquires about the location of the tablet commemorating Lazear at Johns Hopkins University.
Brooke informs Hench that the records he has requested are warehoused, and that Brooke will examine them as soon as he is able.
Hench requests that Tisdel send him a copy of a Congressional report.
Rodriguez-Perez informs Hench that the Finlay Institute's copy of the history of Military Hospital No. 1 is the only one they have. He is not willing to lend it to Hench, but can have it copied. He sends Hench a journal with an article on the hospital. See English translation.
Rodriguez-Perez informs Hench that the Finlay Institute's copy of the history of Military Hospital No. 1 is the only one they have. He is not willing to lend it to Hench, but can have it copied. See Spanish original.
Albertini identifies men in the photograph which Hench sent him. He informs Hench that the book on Military Hospital No. 1 cannot be lent to him, but can be copied.
Hench wants to know when the documents he requested will be ready for his viewing.
Ireland compliments Truby on his manuscript about his experiences with the Yellow Fever Commission.
Wood sends Hench a newspaper article concerning William H. Dean and tells him about the Dean Memorial Bridge.
Hench thanks Wood for the newspaper article on Dean and inquires about the camera shop that might have a photograph of the Dean Memorial Bridge.
Wheeler writes that she has received the yellow fever material sent by Hench and will look for the additional materials he requested. She informs him of the location of the Lazear memorial tablet at Johns Hopkins University.
Hench informs Albertini that he plans to have the entire book on Military Hospital No. 1 copied. He requests further copies be made for two U.S. libraries and for the Finlay Institute.
Sexton requests reprints of Hench's article, which appeared in the journal "Hygeia."
Malaret informs Hench of the costs for copying the book on Military Hospital No. 1.
Albertini informs Hench that Malaret will convey to Hench the cost of copying the book on Military Hospital No. 1.
Blossom Reed informs Kellogg that she has been very ill. She discusses the photographs taken at the Cornwell painting unveiling and inquires about Kissinger's medical condition.
Moran apologizes to Kellogg for not writing and writes that he has not yet received copies of the Cornwell painting.
Hench sends Ireland a copy of his "Hygeia" yellow fever article and three photographs of Kean and Ireland, one of which he wants autographed and returned.
Ireland informs Hench that Truby's yellow fever article will be published in the Medical Department Bulletin.
Hench thanks Ireland for the photograph and the copy of General Order No. 6. He discusses Truby's manuscript and suggests possible publishers.
Ireland requests twelve reprints of Hench's article on yellow fever. He reports that Truby has almost finished writing his manuscript, and agrees with Hench that it could be better published by someone other than the Surgeon General's Office.
Lambert thanks Kellogg for the copy of the Cornwell painting. He gives his opinion of Ames, stating that he has not received the credit he deserved. He hopes that a copy of the painting was sent to his wife, Jessie Ames.
Hench sends Usher a reprint of his yellow fever article and requests references on yellow fever in New Orleans.
Andrus discusses the yellow fever experiments and the role played by Lambert, whom he feels deserves more credit.
Andrus discusses the yellow fever experiments and the role played by Lambert, whom he feels deserves more credit.
Hench has sent Sexton four copies of his “Conquerors of Yellow Fever” article.
Hench returns the rest of Kelly's and Peabody's research material to the Welch Medical Library. He questions Wheeler about incomplete and missing items from the collections.
Hench sends Hutchison a reprint of his article in "Hygeia" and an article about the Cornwell painting. He has requested that the Wyeth Company send Hutchison a large reproduction of the painting for display in Lazear Hall.
Hench sends Simpson a reprint of his yellow fever article in "Hygeia," and thanks Simpson for his help in its publication.
Hench sends Simpson a reprint of his yellow fever article in "Hygeia," and thanks Simpson for his help in its publication.
Hench discusses Truby's manuscript and notes that he has sent a copy to Kean. Hench adds that when he met with Matas he was able to review some of Agramonte's papers, but found nothing he could use.
Hench discusses Truby's manuscript and notes that he has sent a copy to Kean. Hench adds that when he met with Matas he was able to review some of Agramonte's papers, but found nothing he could use.
Hench writes that he enjoyed the Woods' visit.
Wood thanks Hench for the copy of his yellow fever article. She also offers her opinion of Dean.
McEwan thanks Hench for the copy of his yellow fever article and makes reference to Hench's mother.
Hutchison thanks Hench for the print of the Cornwell painting for Lazear Hall.
Hench discusses the speech he delivered at the unveiling of the last Cornwell painting. He hopes that the painting gives due credit to the Cuban contributions to the fight against yellow fever.
Hench inquires about used copies of government documents, and encloses a list of them for Cornwall.
Hench lists government documents related to the Yellow Fever Commission.
Hench makes arrangements to have photostats made of the book on Military Hospital No. 1.
Hench discusses the speech he delivered at the unveiling of the latest Cornwell painting and expresses his hope that the event will shed light on the contribution of Finlay in the fight against yellow fever.
Usher thanks Hench for the reprint of his yellow fever article and informs Hench that he will check for references to yellow fever in New Orleans.
Hench sends Malaret copies of letters concerning the photostats he has requested of the Military Hospital No. 1 history. He also sends reprints of his yellow fever article and hopes that Cubans regard it as the beginning of Hench's campaign to credit Finlay's work among American physicians.
Clemons thanks Hench for the reprint of his yellow fever article.
Sexton thanks Hench for the reprints of his yellow fever article.
Hench sends Cooke reprints of his yellow fever article and refers to a large copy of the Cornwell painting sent to Cooke by Kellogg. He discusses future research plans for his yellow fever investigation. Hench informs Cooke that Truby's autobiography will be published shortly.
Hench sends Carlos E. Finlay a reprint of his yellow fever article, and hopes that Finlay regards it as the beginning of a campaign to publicize the work of Finlay's father, Carlos J. Finlay, in America. He discusses his continuing efforts to create a memorial to the yellow fever work at the site of Camp Lazear.
Davis thanks Hench for the reprint of his article, “Conquerors of Yellow Fever.”
Hench sends Mrs. Dimock a copy of his yellow fever article and mentions his visit with her brother.
Bliss thanks Hench for the reprint of his yellow fever article and jokes that Hench should have been carrying or wearing a sun helmet in the article's illustration.
Hench sends Bullard reprints of his yellow fever article and inquires if he would like a copy of the Cornwell painting. He informs Bullard that Truby's autobiography should be ready soon.
Hench requests a copy of a photograph of Military Hospital No. 1. He forwards a reprint of his yellow fever article and informs Cardenas that he hopes to make Finlay's contributions better known to the American public.
Hutchison reports on his mother-in-law's ill health and requests an autographed reprint of his yellow fever article for Culley. Hutchison admires the Cornwell painting.
Ireland thanks Hench for the reprints of his yellow fever article and reports that Truby's manuscript should be ready to publish soon.
Hench sends Alvare a reprint of his yellow fever article and notes that it is the beginning of his attempts to honor Finlay's work as well as that of the yellow fever board.
Hench requests a photograph of a bas-relief memorializing the yellow fever board.
Hench introduces himself and sends Taylor a reprint of his yellow fever article.
Hench informs Postell that he has written to W. Branks Stewart requesting a photograph of the memorial bas-relief. He has also written to Agramonte's daughter, and thinks it would be wise for the Agramonte Memorial Library to see that she gets a photograph of the memorial.
Hench sends Lage a reprint of his yellow fever article, and hopes that he will see it as the beginning of efforts to publicize the work of Finlay among Americans. He hopes the Cubans will learn more about Reed and his colleagues, as well.
Hench discusses his yellow fever research and sends England a copy of his “Conquerors of Yellow Fever” article. He mentions England's participation in the experiments.
Hench sends Dominguez a reprint of his yellow fever article, and hopes that he will see it as the beginning of efforts to publicize the work of Finlay among Americans.
Hench sends Angles a reprint of his yellow fever article, and hopes Angles will see it as the beginning of efforts to publicize the work of Finlay among Americans.
Hench describes meeting some of Briggs' relatives at the Lazear memorial event at Washington and Jefferson College, and describes the Cornwell portrait unveiling.
Postell thanks Hench for furthering the interests of the library with Agramonte's daughter, and promises to see about having a photograph made of the memorial bas-relief.
Hench discusses his yellow fever research and sends West a copy of his “Conquerors of Yellow Fever” article. He mentions West's participation in the experiments.
Hench discusses his yellow fever research and sends West a copy of his “Conquerors of Yellow Fever” article. He mentions West's participation in the experiments.
Hench requests reprints of anything Matas has published on yellow fever, and is especially anxious to have a copy of his tribute to Finlay.
Taylor enjoyed Hench's “Conquest of Yellow Fever” and sees nothing in it to correct. He claims that Finlay wrote about the Aedes aegypti mosquito as a means of yellow fever transmission in 1881 and gave the method and technique for experimentation. He details his own involvement as a yellow fever volunteer.
Ireland discusses Lazear's laboratory notebook, which is at the New York Academy of Medicine library. He is convinced that Hench will retrieve valuable information from it.
Hench makes a formal request to register the preparation of a book on the history of the conquest of yellow fever. He assures the Committee on Medical Education and Research at the Mayo Clinic that this work will not interfere with his research on rheumatic diseases nor his work on experimental jaundice.
Bullard thanks Hench for the copies of his yellow fever article from "Hygeia."
Stewart encloses an illustration of the bas-relief of "The Conquest of Yellow Fever," from Louisiana State University School of Medicine.
Marshall encloses a list of references of descriptive material on the yellow fever epidemics in New Orleans.
A list of publications on the yellow fever epidemics in New Orleans was sent to Hench by Marshall.
Lowdermilk acknowledges Hench's book request and informs him which publications are available.
Taylor thanks Hench for his letter. He is surprised to hear that Hench is studying the conquest of yellow fever. Taylor informs Hench that he took an active part in the experiments in Cuba.
Hutchison thanks Kellogg for a framed picture. The picture will be given to the East Washington School where the children have depicted scenes of Lazear's life in their drama class.
Hoffmann informs Hench that he has been working on yellow fever for the last 25 years. He is the Director of the Yellow Fever Department at the Finlay Institute. Hoffmann would like to obtain several hundred copies of one of Hench's yellow fever publications to distribute among his friends.
Simpson thanks Hench for a reprint of his story on yellow fever.
Hirschman of Luther M. Cornwall Co. informs Hench which books he can supply for him.
The Luther M. Cornwall Co. informs Hench which books are available for sale.
Taylor thanks Hench for arranging for the Wyeth Company to send him reprints of the yellow fever paintings.
Wheeler cannot explain the loss of some letters from the Peabody material. She discusses the Kelly collection of photographs used in his publication Walter Reed and Yellow Fever.
Alvare informs Hench that he is meeting with Marrero to gather more information for him regarding Camp Lazear.
Alvare informs Hench that he is meeting with Marrero to gather more information for him regarding Camp Lazear.
Alvare praises Hench for his attempt to give Finlay credit for his yellow fever work. He describes his visit with former interns from the Hospital Militar and their recollection of Camp Lazear. He explains the origin of the photograph that he recently sent Hench, identifying the photographer as Felipe Ortolazabal.
This is a full translation of Alvare's letter, in which he praises Hench for his attempt to give Finlay credit for his yellow fever work. He describes his visit with former interns from the Hospital Militar and their recollection of Camp Lazear. He explains the origin of the photograph that he recently sent Hench, identifying the photographer as Felipe Ortolazabal.
This is an abridged translation of Alvare's letter, in which he praises Hench for his attempt to give Finlay credit for his yellow fever work. He describes his visit with former interns from the Hospital Militar and their recollection of Camp Lazear. He explains the origin of the photograph that he recently sent Hench, identifying the photographer as Felipe Ortolazabal.
The Luther M. Cornwall Co. informs Hench that they have found the Annual Report of Major General Brooke.
Lowdermilk & Co. informs [Hench] that they are sending him three volumes of Cuban medical reports..
Flexner praises Peabody for his account of the events leading to the Congressional recognition of the participants of the yellow fever experiments. He offers some editorial comments and suggests a few corrections of the story.
Freyberg thanks Hench for a reprint of "The Conquerors of Yellow Fever."
Hirschman offers a series of reports from the Department of Sanitation of the Isthmian Canal Commission to Hench.
Usher sends Hench a list of references dealing with the human rather than the scientific side of the yellow fever epidemics in New Orleans.
A list of references sent to Hench by Robert Usher notes articles that document the human side of New Orleans yellow fever epidemics.
Sacasa informs Hench that Mrs. Dodge is a sister of James Carroll's wife.
Hench poses confidential questions about Hoffmann. Hench is hesitant to honor Hoffman's request for a large number of reprints of one of Hench's papers.
Hench thanks Hoffmann for his interest in his article on yellow fever.
Hench requests a copy of a publication called "Memorias del Hospital No. 1."
Garcia informs Hench how much it would cost to make a copy from a publication called "Memorias del Hospital Numero Uno."
Cervantes informs Hench that he will be sending him several copies of the last issue of "Medicas." This issue contains a reproduction of the mural "The Conquerors of Yellow Fever."
Finlay disagrees with some points in Hench's speech, given during the unveiling of Cornwell's painting, "The Conquerors of Yellow Fever."
Alvare writes to Hench concerning the location of a hospital in a photograph from the time of the Yellow Fever Commission.
Hench thanks Usher for providing him additional references concerning the yellow fever epidemics in New Orleans.
Hench inquires whether the true site of Camp Lazear was ever surveyed. He wonders whether Ramos is still Minister of Defense and is still interested in the memorialization of Camp Lazear, since Hench heard that the entire Cuban cabinet resigned.
Wilson enjoyed reading Hench's "Conquerors of Yellow Fever" and suggests having it published.
Hench introduces himself to Lambert. He requests to meet with him during a stop-over in Chicago in order to ask him a few questions about the yellow fever experiments in Havana.
Hench requests permission to examine the files that contain the letters and telegrams between the Surgeon General's office and Walter Reed, dated 1900 and 1901.
Hench requests permission to examine the photographs that the Signal Corps of the Army took at Columbia Barracks, the Post Hospital and Camp Lazear from 1899 to 1901.
Corbett compliments Hench on his speech during the unveiling of the Cornwell painting.
Hench thanks Garcia for a photograph of Hospital No. 1. He is looking forward to receiving a copy of "Memorias del Hospital Numero Uno."
Hench thanks Cervantes for the "Medicas" reprint.
Malaret thanks Hench for the reprint of his article: "The Conquerors of Yellow Fever."
Hench requests that Sacasa contact James Carroll's son, George. Hench would like to correct the record of James Carroll. He believes Carroll did not get full credit for his work.
Hench sends a reprint on yellow fever to Dodge, a relative of Carroll's. He requests that Dodge help him to meet with Carroll's son, George.
Rodriguez-Perez thanks Hench for his letter and reprint of "The Conquerors of Yellow Fever." He will order additional copies of "Memoria del Hospital No. 1" for Hench, a copy of which will be sent to the US Army Medical Library. See English translation.
Rodriguez-Perez thanks Hench for his letter and reprint of "The Conquerors of Yellow Fever." He will order additional copies of "Memoria del Hospital No. 1" for Hench, a copy of which will be sent to the U.S. Army Medical Library.
Dominguez sends Hench a copy of his address at the meeting of the School of Medicine of Havana University in honor of Matas. See English translation.
Dominguez sends Hench a copy of his address at the meeting of the School of Medicine of Havana University, held in honor of Matas.
Rodriguez-Perez informs Hench that a copy of "Memorias del Hospital No. 1" will be sent to the U.S. Army Medical Library.
Macia discusses the feasibility of preserving the site of Camp Lazear.
Hench informs Macia that he is anxious to make the final arrangements to memorialize Camp Lazear. He hopes that Macia and his partners will join him in this endeavour.
Macia agrees with Hench that the original site of Camp Lazear is located on the Finca San Jose. He discusses the history of this area and explains physical changes on this property due to quarrying work.
This letter certifies that Hench has taken possession of Building No. 1, located on the Finca San Jose. The reverse of the document is notarized in English with the seal of the American Consulate in Havana, Cuba.
Hench wants to know what it would cost to buy the remains of the site of Camp Lazear. Hench discusses his plans to memorialize the site.
Hench requests a reply from Macia to his last letter.
Recio praises Hench for his historical research on the yellow fever story. He enthusiastically supports the memorialization of the Camp Lazear site and feels it will be greatly appreciated by future generations. He offers to enlist the support of high Cuban government officials.
Hench hopes that the sites affiliated with the conquest of yellow fever will be memorialized. Hench solicits Recio' help in obtaining a statement from the Cuban government as evidence that it accepted Hench's report on the actual site of Camp Lazear. He offers to write an abstract of the report for a Cuban medical journal, and hopes that the Cuban media will also be informed of the discovery.
Hench informs Recio that he found some interesting material about Camp Columbia at the U.S. Army Medical Museum.
Hench inquires if Recio will help him locate a copy of "Memoria del Hospital Numero Uno Correspondiente al ano de 1902." He would like to give a copy to the Surgeon General's Library.
Hench inquires if Recio will help him locate a copy of "Memoria del Hospital Numero Uno Correspondiente al ano de 1902." He would like to give a copy to the Surgeon General's Library.
Recio informs Hench that he was able to locate the requested booklet and will send it to him. He plans to have an accurate survey made of the old Camp Lazear site.
Hench requests permission to borrow "Memoria del Hospital Numero Uno." He hopes that an accurate survey of Camp Lazear can be made. Hench heard that the entire Cuban government resigned and is wondering whether Ramos is still Minister of National of Defense, and still able to help him.
Recio thanks Hench for some reprints on the transmission of yellow fever and a copy of Cornwell's painting. He believes that the discovery belongs to Finlay but that the glory should be shared with the American Commission who confirmed his findings.
Hench requests permission to examine Agramonte's papers during his next trip to Havana. He assures Rodriguez Leon that he wants to give due credit to her father's work. Hench is trying to identify the location depicted in the photograph that she loaned to him.
Rodriguez Leon criticizes the sketches for the Cornwell painting. She believes that they are neither historically nor culturally accurate.
Hench informs Rodriguez Leon that he hopes to meet with her in Cuba next month. He describes a planned portrait of the conquerors of yellow fever by the Wyeth Company, and asks whether there are photographs of her father and one of his uniforms to be used in authenticating details for the painting.
Hench is pleased that Rodriguez Leon will assist the Wyeth Company with details for the planned conquerors of yellow fever painting.
Rodriguez Leon criticizes the sketches for the Cornwell painting, writing that they do not accurately depict Cuban settings and personalities.
Hench describes the unveiling of the Cornwell painting and Kissinger's subsequent stroke. He discusses his ongoing research on the yellow fever history and inquires if she has found any data to refute criticisms of her father, Aristides Agramonte.
Hench writes that he has identified the men in the 1901 photograph.
Rodriguez Leon compliments Hench on his yellow fever history work, and wishes she had more time to devote to the research herself. She has been unable to find the information Hench seeks in her father's papers and fears that the rest of the papers will not be helpful either.
Hench informs Leon that he is visiting New Orleans and asks the location of her father's material.
Rodriguez Leon informs Hench that her father's materials are at the Agramonte Library at Louisiana State University Medical Center.
Hench is disappointed that the missing data did not turn up in her father's papers, and plans to visit the Agramonte Memorial Library, in New Orleans, to examine Agramonte's materials there.
Hench sends Rojas copies of his yellow fever article and of a letter he has sent to Adrian Macia concerning the purchase of the Camp Lazear site. He describes his plans for the proposed memorial, and informs her that the San Jose farm was evidently the site of Carlos J. Finlay's yellow fever experiments, in 1883.
The collection finding aid does not list all of the items that are housed in this file.
Hench requests copies of a recent Court of Missing Heirs program concerning Wallace Forbes, who is owed a U.S. government pension for his participation in yellow fever experiments.
Waters sends Hench information on the recent Court of Missing Heirs program concerning Wallace Forbes, and inquires about another yellow fever volunteer.
Hench gives Waters information on Kissinger, a copy of his yellow fever article, and a list of names and addresses of other yellow fever volunteers. He requests the address of Forbes' mother and a script of the "Court of Missing Heirs" program concerning Forbes.
Waters gives Hench further information about Forbes and sends a script of the Court of Missing Heirs broadcast that included Forbes.
The script gives a biographical sketch of Forbes, and states that he is wanted by the U.S. Army Finance Department so that he can be given a lump sum of $17,750 and $125 monthly for his service in the yellow fever experiments.
This transcript focuses on the estate of Wallace Forbes and discusses the government pension due him and his heirs for his service as a volunteer in the Yellow Fever Commission experiments, in Cuba.
The collection finding aid does not list all of the items that are housed in this file.
Malaret informs Hench that Ramos is away but will schedule an appointment with Hench when he returns.
Ramos informs Hench that he will meet with him.
Ramos assures Hench that the Cuban government and health workers appreciate the effort Hench has made to locate the Camp Lazear site, and acknowledges the tribute owed to Lazear.
Hench requests Ramos' help in raising funds for a memorial in Cuba.
Ramos assures Hench that the Cuban government and health workers appreciate the effort Hench has made to locate the Camp Lazear site, and acknowledges the tribute owed to Lazear.
Ramos assures Hench that the Cuban government and health workers appreciate the effort Hench has made to locate the Camp Lazear site, and acknowledges the tribute owed to Lazear.
Hench sends Ramos two reprints of his article on yellow fever which touches upon the work of Finlay.
Hench summarizes his research on the Yellow Fever Commission and sends Ramos his report concerning the true site of Camp Lazear.
Hench's report concerning the true site of Camp Lazear includes a synopsis of the yellow fever experiments, maps, photographs, quotations from Senate documents, and supporting letters from Kean, Cooke and Truby.
Hench remarks on the history of the experiments that led to the conquest of yellow fever.
Kellogg has read Hench's address on the unveiling of Cornwell's painting with pleasure. He will rearrange the schedule and have sections of the speech released to the press.
This draft includes Hench's autograph revisions.
This draft includes Hench's autograph revisions.
Hench thanks Law for courtesies shown him during the Cornwell portrait unveiling. He informs Law that Kissinger has had a stroke and is not expected to live.
Malloch sends Hench notes concerning the New York Academy of Medicine's acquisition of Walter Reed's notebook on the yellow fever experiments.
Notes describe the New York Academy of Medicine's acquisition of Walter Reed's notebook on the yellow fever experiments. [The notebook had somehow come into the possession of Reed's former laboratory assistant, John S. Neate.]
The collection finding aid does not list all of the items that are housed in this file.
Lawrence and Blossom Reed certify that Hench's photostatic copies of notes on the yellow fever experiments are in the handwriting of their father, Walter Reed.
Brooke informs Hench that the historical records pertaining to Reed were moved from Fort Myer to the National Archives.
Taylor informs Hench that he is the only living American who volunteered, was bitten by an infected mosquito, and nearly died in the Gorgas-Guiteras experiments.
Cervantes comments on Hench's articles on the yellow fever experiments.
Malloch writes that he will make negative photostats of the yellow fever manuscript for Hench.
Malloch will send Hench photostats of the yellow fever manuscript.
Hench appreciates Wilson's remarks on his article, "Conquerors of Yellow Fever." He discusses fund-raising efforts for the Camp Lazear memorial.
Hench writes to Kellogg about acquiring a framed copy of the Cornwell painting for George Carroll.
LeMan informs Hench that he is welcome to inspect the files of the War Department Signal Officer.
Hench requests that Kellogg send him a framed print of Cornwell's painting for George Carroll.
Hench arranges for Kellogg to meet Alvarez.
Barnett sends Hench some reprints, noting that Reed inspired Barnett's own work in the field of malaria research.
Hench arranges to meet with Malloch at the library to view the notebook.
Hench requests photos of Las Animas Hospital, Columbia Barracks, and other yellow fever experiment sites.
Hench would like to meet with Alice Forbes, Wallace Forbes' mother.
Hench discusses plans for a memorial at Camp Lazear.
Peabody fears that the war will interfere with Hench's efforts to create a Camp Lazear memorial.
Hench asks if [Roldan] has a copy of an speech given by Carlos J. Finlay.
Hench discusses available yellow fever records.
Hench discusses Carlos J. Finlay's contributions to the study of yellow fever.
Hench is anxious to see the correspondence between the yellow fever board and the surgeon general's office, held by the National Archives.
Hutchison informs Hench of his upcoming travel plans and activities.
Hench discusses the 1900-1901 Signal Corps photographs.
Hench would like to acquire a copy of a photograph.
Hench thanks Alvare for his information on the false Camp Lazear site. Hench will continue to work for a Camp Lazear memorial honoring Finlay and the Yellow Fever Commission.
Hench requests an article reference and a photograph related to the Agramonte Memorial Library, at Louisiana State University.
Wilson informs Hench that "Reader's Digest" might be interested in abstracting Hench's "Conquerors of Yellow Fever."
Kellogg informs Hench that he will meet with Rankin tomorrow.
Hench thanks Holman, a former professor of his, for the compliments on his article.
The writer sends Hench's article on yellow fever for consideration by "Reader's Digest."
Hench discusses the speech he gave for the Cornwell painting unveiling.
Jones inquires if Hench will contribute an article on the Cuban version of yellow fever history for the "Bulletin of the Medical Library Association."
Hench sends Smith reprints of his yellow fever article and a print of the Cornwell painting.
Hench congratulates the Danzigers on their marriage.
Hench requests permission to borrow a movie projector from Crain.
Rose, the niece of Wallace Forbes, informs Hench that she has pictures of Forbes.
[Sacasa] informs Hench that Dodge will make overtures to his cousin, George Carroll. [Sacasa] discusses the personality of George Carroll.
Hench thanks Kellogg for the copy of the Cornwell portrait for George Carroll. He invites Kellogg to see the yellow fever exhibit at the Mayo Clinic library.
Law informs Hench that the Wyeth Company was glad to have been associated with the yellow fever exhibit at the Mayo Clinic Library.
Cooksley requests a reprint of Hench's article, "Conquerors of Yellow Fever."
Johnson thanks Hench for the copy of his article.
White informs Hench that he knew Reed and Carroll well and was the anesthetist for Reed's last operation. He believes Carroll's mosquito bite was accidental, not experimental. White encloses a manuscript characterizing the two men and describing Reed's operation.
[White] describes Reed and Carroll, both of whom he knew personally, and describes Reed's appendix operation. [White] administered the anesthetic for the operation.
Dodge, George Carroll's cousin, will ask Carroll to see Hench. He discusses George Carroll's personality.
Taylor will search his collection for Cuban photographs for Hench.
Ponce discusses his efforts to establish a memorial at Camp Lazear. He will be meeting with the Cuban President on this matter.
Fallon requests three copies of Hench's yellow fever article.
Kellogg discusses the Mayo Clinic yellow fever exhibit photographs that Hench sent.
Kellogg discusses a planned series of medical portraits.
Taylor writes that he has been delayed in sending photographs to Hench.
Hoffmann requests copies of the portrait, "Conquerors of Yellow Fever," and notes his own work on yellow fever endemic infection.
Hoffmann thanks Hench for the reprints of his article and asks the origin of the word "fomites."
Recio informs Hench that the survey of the Camp Lazear site has been delayed, but that the Cuban Minister of Defense still supports the memorial.
[Randin] sends Hench the photos he requested from Pedro Machado. He is happy to help with Hench's work, which recognizes the contributions of Finlay.
Randin sends Hench the photos he requested from Pedro Machado. He is happy to help with Hench's work, which recognizes the contributions of Finlay.
This form records photographs ordered by Hench.
Smith thanks Hench for the reprint and comments on Kean.
Kellogg sends Hench a proof of the plates for the Cuban version of the yellow fever painting.
Kellogg sends Hoffmann reprints of the painting, "Conquerors of Yellow Fever."
Finlay disputes Hench's comments about his father, Carlos J. Finlay.
Howard informs Colcord that Hench may see her father's correspondence.
Roldan informs Hench that he cannot find the Finlay speech, from 1900, but will continue to look for it. He refers Hench to a reprint of an 1881 Finlay speech.
Kellogg sends Hench a South American magazine with a yellow fever article emphasizing Finlay's work.
Taylor inquires if Hench has received the photographs he sent.
Hench's secretary informs Taylor that he has received the photographs Taylor sent.
Coles has mailed Hench photographs. He encloses annotated references to publications on yellow fever.
Coles' annotated references to publications on yellow fever were sent to Hench.
Hench thanks the Whites for hosting his family in Washington.
White sends Hench more information on Reed and informs him that he has found a yellow fever article, from 1911, to which Reed, Kean, and McCaw contributed.
Philip Hench thanks George and Nadine Hench for their hospitality in Washington.
Hench sends Crain photographs and thanks him for helping with a film for Emilie Lawrence Reed.
Hench thanks Ireland for helping him gain access to Archives records, and for Ireland's hospitality towards him in Washington.
Borden sends Hench information on Reed's appendix operation, performed by Borden's father.
Hench informs Coles that he has received the photographs and inquires about the source of the Camp Lazear painting.
Hench provides details about progress on the Camp Lazear memorial and reports that he attended Emilie Lawrence Reed's birthday party. He also met with some of Lazear's relatives.
Hench thanks Barnett for the articles on malaria control.
Hench instructs Crane to write to Kellogg for a copy of the Cornwell painting.
The National Archives sends Hench Cuban photographs and instructions for ordering copies.
Hench sends Fallon reprints of his article.
Hench inquires about Hoffman and Ponce.
Hench requests a copy of Johnson's yellow fever article when it is published.
Coles informs Hench that he cannot find information about the Camp Lazear painting.
Hench informs White that he has asked Borden about letters between his father and Reed. He was glad to receive White's comments on Reed's operation.
Ireland enjoyed Hench's Washington party at the Willard and tells Hench about a visit to Kean.
Hamer informs Hench that he cannot locate the maps Hench requested.
Hench sends Hamer a list of materials to be microfilmed and a check for the expense.
Wood provides Wormley's address and informs Hench that Howard is still alive.
Holman requests a copy of Hench's article, "Conquerors of Yellow Fever."
Pemberton thanks Hench for giving a speech to her club.
Roldan discusses Cuban sentiments towards Finlay.
Ponce describes his attempts to publicize and gain Cuban government support for the proposed Camp Lazear memorial.
Perez informs Hench that he cannot send the requested article.
The Kellogg children thank Hench for his kindness and the box of taffy.
Hench appreciates the letters and photographs Taylor sent and will send him a list of questions. He met Emilie Lawrence Reed, Lambert, and Forbes' mother.
Hench thanks Rose for allowing him to visit with her and her grandmother.
Hench reports that he enjoyed Emilie Reed's birthday party. He visited Lazear's boyhood home, where he saw old photographs, books, and letters.
Hench thanks Carlos E. Finlay for information concerning his father's work. He intends to study more about Carlos J. Finlay before publishing his monograph.
Hench thanks Coles for the article on Operti, who did the painting of Camp Lazear, and asks if he knows the location of the painting.
Hench thanks Wilson for suggesting that Hench's article be abstracted in Reader's Digest.
Hench requests a copy of Finlay's speech.
Hench sends Dampf a reprint and wants to know if any of Dampf's colleagues would be interested in helping preserve Camp Lazear.
Taylor comments on Sternberg's yellow fever work.
Hench thanks Hamer for locating maps of Camp Lazear and Camp Columbia.
Hench is reluctant to share his Camp Lazear photo with Logan for her planned booklet since it is important to his own forthcoming book.
Albertini provides Hench with information on Hoffman and Carbonell.
Albertini provides Hench with information on Hoffman and Carbonell.
June Rose, Wallace Forbes' niece, thanks Hench for the candy and wishes him success with his book.
Logan describes her research on the Yellow Fever Commission and offers to exchange photos with Hench.
Peabody discusses the Camp Lazear memorial project. He wishes to know if Hench has been contacted by Wood.
Hoffmann informs Kellogg that he has not yet received the reprints.
Coles informs Hench that he can find no information on the painting of Camp Lazear.
Hench reports that he is still searching for photographs of Columbia Barracks and Camp Lazear.
Hench reports that he is still searching for photographs of Columbia Barracks and Camp Lazear.
Hench thanks Howard for allowing him to visit and inquires about the location of the Howard-Reed letters, which Hench has been unable to find.
Hench thanks Lucy Howard for permitting him to visit her and her father.
Hench discusses a possible abstract of his yellow fever paper that Jones might publish.
Hench thanks the Kellogg children for their letter, which delighted him.
Hench sends Kellogg an item from the Old Hickory Bookshop and tells him that he liked the note from the Kellogg children.
Hench sends Logan a copy of the Camp Lazear building photo.
Hench informs Rose that it will take some time to copy her photographs, but he assures her that he will take care of them.
Taylor asserts that he was an American citizen at the time of the yellow fever experiments, but has been misidentified in records as an Englishman.
Hench discusses Sternberg's contributions to the yellow fever experiments and agrees with Taylor that he should be recognized.
Michie requests information on a member of his family, Major Michie.
Hench requests information on Cuban medical bulletins that were missing when Hench visited the Library of Congress.
Hench informs Randin that he has been sent the wrong photographs and again describes the one he is seeking.
Postell requests reprints of [Hench's] article.
Stewart sends Hench photos of the bas-relief panel at the Agramonte Memorial Library.
Jones informs Hench that his journal would not be interested in publishing Hench's article on the Cuban version of the Cornwell painting.
Kellogg writes that he has received information casting doubt on Hoffmann's professional credentials.
Taylor refers Hench to a paper by Sternberg.
Kellogg congratulates Hench on his discovery of the Lazear letters and feels the war will revive interest in yellow fever.
Hamer sends Hench copies of documents requested from the National Archives.
Logan thanks [Hench] for the photograph and agrees to send him more photographs.
LeMan informs Hench that he has mailed the correct photograph and reiterates that the War Department has no photographs of Camp Lazear.
Heard discusses Hench's research on the yellow fever experiments.
Hench inquires about the anticipated Cuban unveiling of the Cornwell paintings, which he would like to attend if possible. He informs Kellogg that Hoffmann is a member of the Finlay Institute.
Hench informs Taylor that he was aware Taylor is American, not English.
Hench thanks Stewart for the photographs of the memorial panel at the Agramonte Memorial Library.
Hench thanks Postell for helping him obtain photographs of the memorial panel at the Agramonte Memorial Library.
Hench thanks Albertini for the information on Hoffman and Ponce.
Hench describes to Michie the role played by Major R.E. Lee Michie in the yellow fever experiments, and suggests that he contact Kean and the War Department for more information.
Hench is glad that Jones was open with him and so will let the matter drop.
Dampf inquires about obtaining a copy of Cornwell's painting to show to his students. He comments on Hench's "Conquerors of Yellow Fever" article.
Hoffmann requests copies of the Cornwell painting to distribute to tropical disease specialists. He describes his years of yellow fever research and comments on the dangers of epidemic that still exist.
Taylor discusses the Rockefeller Foundation's strategy of immunization against disease.
Kellogg discusses plans for an unveiling of the Cuban version of the Cornwell painting.
Hench invites Kellogg to visit him.
Hench informs Peabody that he has been helping Wood with her manuscript. He has received no news from Cuba on the proposed Camp Lazear memorial.
Michie thanks Hench for the information on his relative, R.E. Lee Michie, whose daughter is sending Michie further information.
Hench thanks Reeve for the photostats.
Postell thanks Hench for the reprints.
Kellogg discusses a drug his company is investigating.
Michie refers to an error he made regarding information about his relative, R.E. Lee Michie. Kean pointed out the error.
Hench returns the journals he borrowed and will return the remaining one soon.
Randin sends Hench two photographs of Agramonte Hospital, showing the spot where Lazear died. See Spanish original.
Randin sends Hench two photographs of Agramonte Hospital, showing the spot where Lazear died. See English translation.
Hench questions Logan about the photographs she sent him.
Hench thanks Ascanio for the aerial photograph of the Military City Hospital, in Cuba.
Hench thanks Kellogg for the information on the Cornwell painting unveiling in Cuba, which Hench hopes to attend.
Kellogg sends Hench a letter from Hoffmann. He comments on the reliability of Hoffmann.
Logan informs Hench that he may keep the photographs she sent to him, but disputes Hench's statement concerning the number of experimental cases of yellow fever.
Hench thanks Thomases for his help and encloses a request for further information.
Hench thanks Hamer and the National Archives staff for their help and inquires about two missing volumes of records. He also requests records on Godfrey.
Michie thanks Hench for his note and for Kean's letter regarding R.E. Lee Michie.
Hench discusses studies of calcium and arthritis in relation to a possible venture by Kellogg's company. He comments on Hoffmann's professional status.
Hench thanks Logan for the photograph of Carter and explains the discrepancy in the number of experimental yellow fever cases that she pointed out in his article.
Hench thanks Logan for the photograph of Carter and explains the discrepancy in the number of experimental yellow fever cases that she pointed out in his article.
Hench asks for the address of Lampson, author of "Death Loses a Pair of Wings."
Hench informs Hutchison of his travel plans.
Hench informs Mrs. Howard that he has been contacted by Moran concerning three Sidney Howard letters.
Charles Scribner's Sons informs Hench that the company does not give out authors' addresses, but will forward letters to them.
Kellogg discusses the problem in choosing a representative of nursing and of pharmacy for the Wyeth Company portrait series.
Crain writes that he has received the enlargements sent by Hench and the framed Cornwell painting reproduction from Kellogg. He describes a meeting with Emilie Lawrence and Blossom Reed.
Reeve sends Hench the copies he requested.
Hutchison discusses Hench's visit.
Hamer lists records of Reed and Godfrey in the National Archives.
Hench thanks Randin for the aerial photographs of the Military Hospital, showing where Lazear died.
Hench sends Mrs. Howard copies of three letters from Sidney Howard to Moran.
Hench is delighted that Coles has found the painting of Camp Lazear.
Kellogg sends Hench a proof of a Cornwell painting of McDowell, and tells him of a forthcoming Wyeth booklet that will present and describe all four Cornwell paintings, including "The Conquerors of Yellow Fever."
Hench asks Peabody if the painting of Camp Lazear in the American Museum of Natural History was made at Peabody's instigation. On the same page, Peabody replies that he never knew the painting existed.
Hench requests photostats of the records on Reed and Godfrey.
Rankin suggests corrections to the Cornwell painting of McDowell in surgery and states that he may not be able to attend the unveiling and make a speech.
Hench writes that he will soon be visiting Truby and Mabel Lazear.
Kellogg is afraid that Rankin will excuse himself from the unveiling of the McDowell painting, and so requests that Hench write to him emphasizing the importance of the event.
Kellogg assures Rankin that Cornwell will make the suggested corrections to the McDowell painting. He is pleased that Rankin may be able to speak at the unveiling of the painting.
Hench thanks Pyle for sending him still photographs from the film “Yellow Jack.”
Kellogg thanks Hench for his letter to Rankin concerning a medical portrait unveiling sponsored by Kellogg's company.
Kellogg sends Hench a proof of an insert prepared by the Wyeth Company that is to appear in "Modern Medicine."
Law discusses the upcoming unveiling ceremony of Cornwell's new painting, entitled "The Dawn of Abdominal Surgery." Hench and his wife are expected to sit at the head table.
Ahrendts informs [Hench] that Pinto claims to have been the first person inoculated by Lazear.
Kellogg thanks Hench for his corrections of the text on “Conquerors of Yellow Fever,” to be included in the booklet of Cornwell paintings.
Hench requests that Kellogg invite Truby to an upcoming event concerning the Cornwell paintings. He invites Kellogg to a banquet at which Hench will give a speech on the conquest of yellow fever.
Heilbron informs Wilson that she is publishing an article concerning Reed's period of military medical service in Minnesota, and requests permission to quote from Wilson's article on Reed.
Hart describes a recent trip to the Cuban Army Medical Department at Columbia Barracks, and sends Hench a photograph from the trip.
Wilson gives Heilbron permission to quote from his article on Reed and refers her to Hench for additional information on Reed.
Heilbron informs Hench that she is contacting Laura Wood for permission to examine Wood's manuscript on Reed.
Hart refers Hench to men associated with the yellow fever experiments and to publications about the experiments.
Kellogg suggests that Hench give a lecture on yellow fever lecture in Philadelphia. He introduces his brother, a surgeon, and comments on the successful Cornwell painting unveiling at which Col. Rankin spoke.
Hench informs Kellogg he will not be able to lecture in Philadelphia, as he expects to go on active military duty soon. He discusses the latest Cornwell painting unveiling ceremony. Hench also comments on Pinto's role in the yellow fever experiments.
Hench thanks Hart for the information on the yellow fever experiments, however, none of the information was new to him.
Hench tells Wood that he will send Heilbron part of Wood's manuscript. He also discusses his upcoming military duty.
Hench thanks the Haines for donating fifty cents to the Camp Lazear Memorial Fund.
Hench sends Hall a reprint of his yellow fever article and thanks them for their contribution to the Camp Lazear Memorial Fund.
Hench returns photographs to Mrs. Forbes, mother of Wallace Forbes, whom he recently visited. He discusses his upcoming military service.
Hench returns films and photographs to Taylor. Hench comments on his upcoming military service.
Hench sends Heilbron two chapters of Wood's manuscript.
Kellogg asks if Hench has noted the use of the “Conquerors of Yellow Fever” painting in Morrow's new book. He discusses Pinto's role in the yellow fever experiments.
Heilbron thanks Hench for the section of Wood's manuscript. She thinks that Wood did not cover the subject of Reed's service in Minnesota fully, and still intends to publish an article on that topic.
Suarez requests that Hench return Dominguez' biography of Finlay to his widow.
Hench informs Suarez that he will return the Dominguez manuscript on Finlay to the publisher who loaned it to Hench. Hench explains his interest in yellow fever.
Hench discusses his military duty, noting that will be assigned to Fort Custer, then Fort Carson. He has found the original fever charts of the yellow fever cases in the possession of Mrs. Ames and is now studying them.
Hench returns Dominguez' manuscript on Finlay to Gill and is glad efforts will be made to publish it in English.
Hench writes to Dominguez that he is sorry to hear of her husband's death, and hopes that Dominguez' manuscript on Finlay will be published in English.
Hall thanks Hench for the reprint of his article and praises Hench's speech on the yellow fever experiments, delivered at the American Rheumatism Association meeting.
Taylor writes that he will not be able to meet with Hench. However, he feels that his knowledge of the yellow fever experiments would have been of interest to Hench and so offers his services in the future.
Hench questions Taylor about his additional information regarding the yellow fever experiments.
Taylor informs Hench that he has additional documents concerning the yellow fever experiments, and that his other information comes from memories of having worked with many of the central figures.
Hench questions Taylor about his additional information regarding the yellow fever experiments.
Suarez thanks Hench for the return of the Dominguez manuscript on Finlay, and for the reprint of Hench's yellow fever article. He has sent Hench's article to Dominguez' widow.
Hench sends Carlos E. Finlay items related Cornwell's yellow fever painting and informs him that efforts to memorialize Camp Lazear continue.
Hench sends Rodriguez Leon items related to Cornwell's yellow fever painting and informs her that he is entering the army medical corps this week. He hopes she will continue to write to him.
Hench requests that England contact him as he would like to pose some questions regarding the yellow fever experiments.
Ireland thanks Hench for the book on the Mayos and explains how much he has enjoyed his association with Hench.
Kellogg discusses his new magazine, "Army Doctor," for which he hopes to hire Siler as an advisor. He visited the Keans and will send Hench photographs of the visit.
Kellogg discusses his meeting with Siler. He informs Hench that Lawrence Reed was honored to personally present Hench's application for an army commission.
Kellogg provides Hench's address, at Camp Carson, and writes that he hopes Truby's manuscript will be released soon.
Hench discusses the Cornwell yellow fever painting and the response to it in the U.S. Hench wishes that she had uncovered more material from her father's papers, but he thanks her nonetheless for providing information about Agramonte's life in New Orleans and details of his death.
Hench discusses the Cornwell yellow fever painting and the response to it in the U.S. Hench wishes that she had uncovered more material from her father's papers, but he thanks her nonetheless for providing information about Agramonte's life in New Orleans and details of his death.
The collection finding aid does not list all of the items that are housed in this file.
Hart describes his trip to Cuba and Mexico and his meeting with Moran.
Rodriguez Leon thanks Hench for the reprints he sent and promises to write soon. She hopes that she can answer some of Hench's questions about the yellow fever experiments.
Hench inquires about the Cuban government's interest in preserving the site of Camp Lazear. Hench stresses that he does not want the monument dedicated to one person, but rather envisions a Cuban-American memorial.
Hench inquires about the Cuban government's interest in preserving the site of Camp Lazear. Hench stresses that he does not want the monument dedicated to one person, but rather envisions a Cuban-American memorial.
Hench encloses a check to purchase additional land from the site of Camp Lazear. He is surprised to hear that nothing has been done to Building No. 1, since he had sent some money to Moran for repairs months ago. Hench makes note of his correspondence with Ponce and his influence with the Cuban government.
Macia returns a check for the purchase of a small lot of land at the former site of Camp Lazear. He is concerned that this lot might interfere with his quarry or with the entrance to the land in the back of it. He is willing to reconsider until definite plans have been made for the memorialization of the site. Macia informs Hench that some small repairs have been done at Building No. 1.
Hench implores Macia to preserve Building No. 1 until he has raised enough money to commemorate of the site. Hench assures him that a mutually satisfactory solution can be found for the sale of the land.
Hench is excited that Johnson might be able to interest the U.S. State Department in his plan to memorialize Camp Lazear. He feels that this would be an excellent and real opportunity to foster Pan-American solidarity. Hench estimates it would cost about $25,000 to do all he has planned.
Borden describes Reed's fatal attack of appendicitis and the treatment regimen followed before his death.
Mayer invites Hench to serve on the Medical Advisory Board. He wants to support the memorial in Cuba.
Mayer reports that there is a possibility Hench will be asked to join the Board of the Finlay Institute.
Hench writes that he is unable to come to New York since he is very busy at Camp Carson, Colorado. Hench's wife is pregnant with their fourth child.
Hench informs Mayer that his wife just gave birth to their baby and so he will spend some time at home.
Hench assures Mayer that he is only interested in the commemoration of the Camp Lazear site and that he is not trying to secure a position on the scientific board of the Finlay Institute. However, if his membership would advance his cause, then he would pursue this endeavour.
Mayer assures Hench that he wants him on the scientific board of the Finlay Institute. He inquires if Hench would be interested in accompanying a group of military doctors on a training mission to Cuba.
Hench thanks Wright for the newspaper clipping about England and he discusses England's association with the yellow experiments. Hench had planned to pose some personal questions to Wright, but the war has interfered with his yellow fever research.
Hench showed the booklet, which Logan had sent, to Moran. Hench requests additional copies so he can distribute them among the yellow fever personnel.
[Moran] discusses his stay in the U.S., commenting on the changes that the war has had on American society. He thanks her for her hospitality she showed to his wife while he was at Walter Reed hospital.
Heilbron sends Hench an article about Walter Reed, published by the Minnesota Historical Society.
Heilbron comments on Hench's article, entitled "Conquerors of Yellow Fever." She informs him that he will receive a number of copies of her article on Reed.
fragment
The collection finding aid does not list all of the items that are housed in this file.
Law informs Hench that Cornwell's latest painting will be unveiled soon and that he will receive an invitation to attend the ceremony.
Schnurr informs [Hench] that Moran is unable to identify the persons in the photograph.
Hench describes his encounter with Ramos. Ramos plans to commission a painting by Cornwell along the lines of the preliminary sketches for the Yellow Fever painting. However, this version would give Finlay the dominant position.
Hench discusses the mural on which she is currently working. He hopes to receive a photograph or newspaper clipping when it is unveiled.
Law informs Hench about his meeting with Ramos and describes his ideas for exploiting the yellow fever painting in Cuba. Law requests that Hench contact Ramos to find out about the progress on this project.
Hench requests help in identifying a newspaper clipping from 1905.
Hench requests that Romero send him a reference to the article about Maass.
Hench writes that he is interested in attending a meeting in Cuba. However, he is unsure if the Cuban plans will come to fruition.
Hench inquires about the preparations for the meeting in Cuba. He would like to attend and offers to loan his slides on yellow fever to Ramos.
Hench writes that he enjoyed reading Hart's article on Building No. 1. He clarifies some misconceptions in this article. Hench mentions Moran and notes that he more or less serves as Hench's personal representative in Cuba. Hench discusses his efforts to raise money for the Camp Lazear memorial.
Hart informs Hench that he has become Vice President and General Manager of Winthrop Products. The article on Building No. 1 was written by the medical director of their Cuban organization, not by Hart. However, Hart does plans on writing an article about Camp Lazear.
Ibanez sends copies of "Horizontes Medicos," containing the article on Building No. 1 of Camp Lazear, to Hench.
This article, originally published in "Horizontes Medicos," describes the history of Camp Lazear and the confirmation of Finlay's mosquito theory. The translation was made by Moran.
Hench is delighted that Hart is interested in the yellow fever story and the discovery of Camp Lazear. He discusses his meeting with Ramos and the Cuban government's support to commemorate the site of Camp Lazear.
Hench informs Rojas that his plans for the memorialization of Camp Lazear and the preservation of Building No. 1 are proceeding. He hopes that she will preserve her husband's day book because it constitutes the basic proof for the identification of Camp Lazear and Building No. 1.
Hench is worried about the condition of Building No. 1. He does not want it to suffer the fate of its companion building which crashed in a hurricane. Hench is thinking about erecting an outer protective shell, and is wondering how much it would cost.
Hench offers to lend Ramos some of his slides which deal with the yellow fever experiments. He also offers financial help to protect Building No. 1 and requests Ramos' assistance in organizing this effort.
Hench discusses his efforts to memorialize Camp Lazear. He makes clear that he is not interested in arguing who deserves the greatest honor. He expresses hope that this venture will lead to a closer ties between Cuba and the United States.
Hoyt provides information on how to protect Building No. 1 from the effects of weathering and the attack of termites.
Hench accepts the appointment to become the Director of the Division of Medical Relations and Pan-American Sanitation of the Finlay Institute.
Hench, believing that Ramos sponsored his appointment to the Finlay Institute, thanks him for his support.
Hench writes that, due to a translation error, he was under the assumption that he had been appointed to a directorial position at the Finlay Institute. He is very embarrassed about the total affair.
Hench attempts to explain how he came to misunderstand Espinosa's letter. Espinosa's letter, in Spanish, was not translated correctly. Hench assures him that he will cooperate with him and his work in the Finlay Institute.
Espinosa writes to Hench that he (Espinosa) has been appointed Director of Panamerican Doctors (Director de la Division de Relaciones Medicas y Sanitarias Panamericanas) at the Finlay Institute. Espinosa hopes that cooperation will continue between scientists in the United States and in Cuba.
Espinosa apologizes to Hench for the misunderstanding regarding Espinosa's letter of January 10, 1945, in which Hench mistakenly believed that he (Hench) had been appointed Director of Panamerican Doctors (Director de la Division de Relaciones Medicas y Sanitarias Panamericanas) at the Finlay Institute. Espinosa expresses his hope that Hench will continue to work closely with scientists in Cuba.
This is a rough translation of [Espinosa's] letter, in which he apologizes to Hench for the misunderstanding regarding Espinosa's letter of January 10, 1945, in which Hench mistakenly believed that he (Hench) had been appointed Director of Panamerican Doctors (Director de la Division de Relaciones Medicas y Sanitarias Panamericanas) at the Finlay Institute. [Espinosa] expresses his hope that Hench will continue to work closely with scientists in Cuba.
Hench is distressed to hear about Reed's financial problems. He offers monetary assistance.
Espinosa is sorry that his letter to Hench was mistranslated and caused confusion. He is pleased that Hench will return to Cuba.
Rojas expresses her admiration to Hench for his persistent efforts to memorialize the site of Camp Lazear. She talks about her visit to Building No. 1. She was surprised to see it intact since a cyclone just had struck the area and caused considerable damage.
Rojas expresses her admiration to Hench for his persistent efforts to memorialize the site of Camp Lazear. She talks about her visit to Building No. 1. She was surprised to see it intact since a cyclone just had struck the area and caused considerable damage.
Hench is relieved to hear that Building No. 1 was not destroyed during the latest hurricane. He assures Rojas that he will continue his campaign to raise funds for its preservation. He describes his visit with Mabel Lazear.
The collection finding aid does not list all of the items that are housed in this file.
The collection finding aid does not list all of the items that are housed in this file.
The minutes of the Walter Reed Memorial Association board cover organizational business.
These minutes of the Walter Reed Memorial Association board cover organizational business.
Siler informs Hench that he was elected to the board of the Walter Reed Memorial Association at its annual meeting.
The collection finding aid does not list all of the items that are housed in this file.
This program advertises the "Theatre Guild On the Air" production of “Yellow Jack” sponsored by United States Steel.
Siler discusses the pension that the Walter Reed Memorial Association provides for Emilie Lawrence Reed.
Hench informs Schuman that he is unsure when his work on Walter Reed and the yellow fever experiments will be finished. He states that his primary jobs are his practice of medicine, the publication of the “Rheumatism Review,” and his clinical research.
Schuman hopes Hench remembers him when the proposed book on Walter Reed nears completion. He regrets that he cannot supply Hench with a volume of the “U.S. Public Health Proceedings” but will try to locate a copy.
Lazear writes that she is preparing a booklet on the yellow fever experiments. She was given a copy of “Conquerors of Yellow Fever” and saw a photograph of Building No. 1 in it. She requests permission to use the photograph in her booklet.
Hench thanks Schuman for sending the “North Carolina Medical Journal” article on yellow fever.
Schuman reports that he is still trying to find the volume of the “U.S. Public Health Proceedings” that Hench requested. He has heard that Foster Kennedy has an interesting Walter Reed document, but is certain it is not for sale.
Moorman requests that Hench examine a document about Walter Reed and comment on its accuracy.
Hench writes to Kennedy that he has heard Kennedy has an interesting Walter Reed document. He explains his own interest in Reed and inquires if it would be possible for him to visit Kennedy to examine the document.
Hench has read Moorman's paper on the yellow fever experiments and agrees that they did not have Congressional support. However, Hench questions Moorman whether it is fair to imply that Congress interfered with the scientists' work when they were never asked to do one thing or another.
Moorman thanks Hench for his comments regarding his manuscript on the yellow fever experiments. He intends to make it clear that the doctors did not want to become entangled with red tape and delay.
McDermott reaffirms his interest in Hench's planned book on yellow fever.
Kennedy would like to see Hench and will show him the original contract between Walter Reed and Nicanor Fernandez. He believes that America has not given Finlay proper credit.
Hench agrees that Finlay has not received the credit due him in America, but argues that the Yellow Fever Commission has not received the credit due them in Cuba.
Robinson, an employee of The Cambridge Book House, acknowledges receipt of payment for photographs purchased by Philip Showalter Hench.
Reed informs Hench that her brother has approved the sale of all the letters in which Hench has expressed interest, and that her mother has been ill and in bed since January.
Hench pays Reed one thousand dollars for her father's letters related to his work.
The Hall of Fame was located on the campus of New York University.
Peraza sends Keys copies of a book by Finlay. He encloses a list of Spanish language books and pamphlets about yellow fever, including prices.
A list of Spanish language books and pamphlets about yellow fever, including prices, is sent for Hench.
Keys provides prices for books that Hench may want to purchase.
Kenealy forwards Moran's address to Hewitt. Kenealy met Moran in 1908 and recalls that he was proud of his role in the yellow fever experiments.
Kenealy informs Hench about several people who had some connection with yellow fever or the Canal Zone in the early 1900s. He writes that his parents lived across the street from the Ancon Hospital fever wards. His father was in charge of the hospital mess and commissaries, beginning in 1904.
Hench apologizes for not visiting Kennedy when he was in New York, but he was too busy with his medical meetings. However, he did meet with Houston Lazear, who provided additional information about his father, Jesse Lazear.
Hench is interested in Kenealy's Latin American experiences related to yellow fever, but lets him know that his main interest is in Reed and the Cuban phase.
Kennedy invites Hench to come see him in New York.
Hench informs Benjamin that he is keeping two Madam Curie letters which he purchased from Benjamin seven years earlier. He is returning the rest of the letters and she can do with them as she wishes.
Benjamin responds to Hench's letter from August 13, 1946 that relates to the return of some letters Hench had previously purchased from Benjamin.
Siler writes that he is looking forward to seeing Hench at the annual meeting of the Walter Reed Memorial Association.
Hench responds to Benjamin's letter from August 17, 1946 that relates to the return of some letters Hench had previously purchased from Benjamin.
Hench informs Siler of the dates he is available to attend the meeting of the Walter Reed Memorial Association.
Siler writes that he is delighted Hench will plan to attend the annual meeting of the Walter Reed Memorial Association.
The Hall of Fame was located on the campus of New York University.
This document details the proceedings of the Walter Reed Memorial Association conference.
Hench reports to the Reed Memorial Association board on the Finlay-Reed controversy and the ongoing attempt to memorialize Camp Lazear.
Hench reports to the Reed Memorial Association board on the Finlay-Reed controversy and the ongoing attempt to memorialize Camp Lazear.
Hench questions Walter Reed's children about their father.
Hench asks the Reeds to identify two of their previous homes on photographs he has sent them and asks if they have located any additional letters for him to see.
Hench describes his yellow fever research and inquires if the National Institute of Health possesses any letters related to the Reed experiments. He also discusses his attempts to memorialize Camp Lazear and solicits advice on gaining support for the project.
Leake feels that Hench's book offers an opportunity to clarify conflicting claims concerning the yellow fever experiments. Leake is especially interested in Carter's role. He has written to Carter's son and will let Hench know when he receives a reply.
Hench requests the address of Leopoldine Guinther, who has recently published an article on Clara Maass.
Hench sends Siler photographs of the recent Walter Reed Memorial Association board meeting and poses questions related to his research on the yellow fever experiments. He offers his opinion of George Carroll.
Hench sends the Reeds photographs of the recent Walter Reed Memorial Association board meeting and poses questions concerning Walter Reed's residences in Mercersburg, Pennsylvania and in Washington, D.C.
Hench sends Stitt photographs of the recent Walter Reed Memorial Association board meeting. He thanks Stitt for information on Carter and requests the address of Carter's daughter.
Grosvenor thanks Hench for the snapshots of the Walter Reed Memorial Association meeting. Grosvenor treasures his honorary degree from Lafayette College.
The collection finding aid does not list all of the items that are housed in this file.
This is a pencil sketch that shows the plan of a proposed Cuban-American Medical Memorial, in Havana, with Camp Lazear Building No. 1 as the centerpiece.
This map features autograph comments and sketches depicting buildings on the Rojas farm, quarries, and the surviving Camp Lazear structures.
This map features autograph comments and sketches depicting buildings on the Rojas farm, quarries, and the surviving Camp Lazear structures.
Stitt informs Hench that Carter's sister, Mary Carter, thinks she sent the papers collected by Stitt's late wife, Laura Armistead Carter Stitt, to Carter's son in Birmingham, Alabama. He gives Hench the address of Carter's son and offers to help Hench gain access to George Carroll.
Hench writes that he searching for the initial connection between Reed and Carter. He requests permission to borrow the Reed letters in Leake's possession.
Hench inquires of Mrs. Repetti if her husband was related to Dr. James Repetti, a medical officer stationed at Columbia Barracks during the time of the yellow fever experiments.
Schnurr sends Hench a bill for secretarial services connected with transcriptions of a Reed interview.
The collection finding aid does not list all of the items that are housed in this file.
This Cuban newspaper article describes the visit of Cuban officials and Moran to the Camp Lazear site. Building No. 1 has been named a national monument.
Nogueira informs Hench that Building No. 1 has been declared a Cuban national monument. He has received Hench's ideas on preserving the building and will keep him informed of Cuban preservation plans.
Andreu informs Hench that Building No. 1 at Camp Lazear has been declared a Cuban national monument. He emphasizes that the Yellow Fever Commission was working to prove Finlay's theory of mosquito transmission. He appreciates the efforts at mutual relations between Cuba and the United States and the Americans' recognition of Finlay's work.
Andreu informs Hench that Building No. 1 at Camp Lazear has been declared a Cuban national monument. He emphasizes that the Yellow Fever Commission was working to prove Finlay's theory of mosquito transmission. He appreciates the efforts at mutual relations between Cuba and the United States and the Americans' recognition of Finlay's work.
Leavitt sends Hench a sanitary report, by Reed, from Fort Robinson, Nebraska.
Hench thanks Leavitt for the Reed sanitary report from Fort Robinson, Nebraska and comments on the report.
time
Owen details the arrangements for Hench's speech at the University of Virginia Alpha Omega Alpha society.
Nixon advises Hench against procrastination in regards to his yellow fever work.
Wyllie requests permission to borrow Reed materials from Hench for an exhibit at the University of Virginia.
Wyllie requests photographs of Hench, and a dossier on him, to publicize Hench's upcoming speech at the University of Virginia.
Hench assures Nixon that he is still working on the yellow fever story, but that his rheumatology research brings many responsibilities.
Wranek requests an advance copy of Hench's speech on Walter Reed to use for publicity purposes. He is interested in the Reed materials that Hench will be bringing to the University of Virginia in connection with the speech.
Hench suggests a title for his upcoming lecture on Reed at the University of Virginia, and notes the key roles played by three University of Virginia alumni in the experiments.
Hench informs Wyllie that he will not have time to carefully choose and prepare Reed materials for an exhibit in connection with Hench's upcoming lecture at the University of Virginia.
Hench discusses the upcoming Walter Reed Memorial Association annual meeting.
This is the text of a speech, by Hench, on Walter Reed and the conquest of yellow fever.
This is the text of a speech, by Hench, on Walter Reed and the conquest of yellow fever.
This is the text of a speech, by Hench, on Walter Reed and the conquest of yellow fever.
In this speech, given at the University of Virginia, Hench discusses Reed's yellow fever experiments and his own re-discovery of the actual site of Camp Lazear. The manuscript contains handwritten revisions by Moran and typed additions by Hench.
In this speech, given at the University of Virginia, Hench discusses Reed's yellow fever experiments and his own re-discovery of the actual site of Camp Lazear. The manuscript contains handwritten revisions by Moran and typed additions by Hench.
In this speech, given at the University of Virginia, Hench discusses Reed's yellow fever experiments and his own re-discovery of the actual site of Camp Lazear. The manuscript contains handwritten revisions by Moran and typed additions by Hench.
In this speech, given at the University of Virginia, Hench discusses Reed's yellow fever experiments and his own re-discovery of the actual site of Camp Lazear. The manuscript contains handwritten revisions by Moran and typed additions by Hench.
This is a draft of the speech on Reed given by Hench at the University of Virginia. The text includes [Hench's?] autograph notes and corrections.
Hench informs Lawrence Reed of his travels and activities, and requests that Lawrence Reed help him to identify the Army hospital room where Walter Reed died.
Hench's drawing depicts a floor plan, probably the second floor of Building 56B of the Army War College, where Reed died.
Wyllie agrees that Hench should bring the Reed materials for exhibit on his person rather than shipping them.
Hench writes that he will send Wranek a copy of his speech on Reed at the University of Virginia. He discusses the content of the speech and notes that he emphasizes Lazear's contribution as well as Reed's.
Hench requests information on what Reed materials he should bring for an exhibit at the University of Virginia's Alderman Library.
Hench informs Siler that he has accepted the invitation to speak on Walter Reed Memorial Day at the International Congress of Tropical Medicine. Hench discusses funding issues surrounding the memorialization of Camp Lazear.
Bradshaw provides details concerning Hench's upcoming lecture at the University of Virginia.
Wranek hopes that Hench will send him an advance copy of his University of Virginia lecture on Reed. He feels that it will be newsworthy to a Latin American audience.
Ennis informs Hench that a room at the Hotel Nacional de Cuba has been reserved for him.
Wyllie requests that Hench bring the “New Year's Letter” and the fever charts, and some other Reed items of Hench's choosing, for the Reed exhibit at the University of Virginia.
Siler provides Hench with the date of Walter Reed Memorial Association meeting, which has been changed so that Hench may attend.
Lawrence Reed informs Hench that he is willing to take Hench to see the room where his father, Walter Reed, died.
Redd sends Hench a transcription of a 1901 letter from Reed to Carter in which Reed states that Carter's work in Mississippi greatly impressed upon him the importance of an intermediate host for yellow fever. Redd refers Hench to an article on Carter, by Griffitts, in "The Southern Medical Journal."
University of Virginia librarians acknowledge the receipt of Reed, Kean, Lazear, and Moran items from Hench to be used for exhibition. They list the individual photographs, documents, and artifacts with detailed descriptions.
Siler informs Hench of the Walter Reed Memorial Association meeting date and site. Sawyer would like to contact Hench.
Royster is sorry that he had to miss Hench's lecture, and sends Hench a reprint which may be of interest.[not enclosed]
These notes are Hench's outline for his book on the yellow fever story. He never completed the manuscript.
Owen thanks Hench for speaking before the Alpha Omega Alpha society at the University of Virginia. He found Hench's lecture enjoyable and inspiring.
Hench writes to Redd about Carter's influence on Lazear and Reed in relation to the mosquito theory of yellow fever transmission. He seeks Carter correspondence to document this influence, and believes Lazear was more supportive of the mosquito theory than Reed, who intended to fully test the bacterial theory first.
Hench informs Royster that his collection includes all of the remaining letters of Reed to his wife, including the famous "New Year's" letter.
Hench requests clippings pertaining to his speech, at the University of Virginia, to send to the Reeds and to others who have given him Reed material.
Hench requests copies of the photograph of Hench, Jordan, and Darden that was taken at Hench's recent speech at the University of Virginia. He suggests to Owen that the Alpha Omega Alpha society consider making Kean, Cooke, and Moran honorary members.
Hench informs his brother that the Reed family and Kean were pleased with his recent speech at the University of Virginia, which they read about in the newspapers.
Hench discusses the possibility of making Kean, Cooke, and Moran honorary members of Alpha Omega Alpha. He informs Blackford that Landon Reed, a cousin of Blackford, would enjoy a visit from him.
Hench informs Clemons that the Reed family and Kean were pleased with Hench's recent lecture at the University of Virginia, and were delighted that Hench had loaned some Reed material to Alderman Library.
Hench informs Owen that Moran will be attending the Walter Reed Memorial Day of the International Congress on Tropical Medicine, in Washington, D.C.
Redd informs Hench that he can add very little information regarding Carter's ties to Reed and Lazear. He provides the address of Carter's son, and notes that Edward Stitt, husband of Carter's deceased daughter Laura, probably knows a great deal more than he. According to Redd, Carter disliked publicity and would not allow interviews.
The Mayo Clinic Library requests that Hench return an overdue item, the 1939 Southern Medical Journal with the Griffitts article “Henry Rose Carter: The Scientist and the Man.”
Reed thanks Hench for the candy, discusses family news, and requests a copy of Hench's talk at the University of Virginia.
Siler discusses plans to place markers in the room where Walter Reed died, located in the present Army War College. He will send Hench a copy of the Reed Memorial board from last year.
Hench thanks Williams for his help during Hench's and Lawrence Reed's recent visit to the Army War College, where they located the room in which Walter Reed died.
Hench inquires if Repetti's husband, George, was related to John Repetti, an Army surgeon at Columbia Barracks Post Hospital in 1900.
Hench thanks the Sabatinis for allowing Lawrence Reed and himself to visit their apartment in the Army War College, which contains the room where Walter Reed died. He requests a sketch of the floor plan for his collection.
Atch Hench describes a book by Josiah Gorgas that he has sent to his brother as a Christmas gift. He also relates family and professional news.
Owen, Jr., believes that Alpha Omega Alpha will react favorably to Hench's suggestion that Kean, Cooke, and Moran be made honorary members.
Hench informs Sawyer about his efforts to memorialize Camp Lazear Building No. 1. He believes this is an opportunity to forge Cuban-American bonds. The Cuban government supports this effort, and the Mayo Clinic has pledged a financial contribution. Through Sawyer, [Hench] hopes to contact the Rockefeller Foundation in order to solicit their financial support.
Hench informs Nogueira that he is gratified that the Cuban government has designated Camp Lazear Building No. 1 as a national monument. He will join the Cubans in an effort to properly memorialize the work of Finlay and the Americans.
Hench informs Nogueira that he is gratified that the Cuban government has designated Camp Lazear Building No. 1 as a national monument. He will join the Cubans in an effort to properly memorialize the work of Finlay and the Americans.
Hench sends Andreu a letter, to which he would like a reply before meeting with the Rockefeller Foundation.
Hench describes in detail the background of his efforts to memorialize the Camp Lazear site, and his plans for the preservation of the site and establishment of a museum. He asks Andreu about the availability of funds from the Cuban government or private sources for building and upkeep, and about costs for these efforts. Without this information and commitment from the Cubans he will find it difficult to raise funds from American sources.
Sawyer informs Hench that he is not in a position to approach John D. Rockefeller, Jr. on Hench's behalf, but sees no reason why Hench or the Mayo Clinic should not contact Rockefeller. Sawyer would like to hold a special session on Reed or yellow fever at the upcoming International Congress on Tropical Medicine and Malaria and solicits ideas from Hench.
Strode informs Hench that Sawyer has retired from the Rockefeller Foundation, but that he has forwarded Hench's letter to him. Strode doubts that the Foundation would financially support the Camp Lazear memorial, although he finds the idea intriguing.
Hench informs Sawyer that he had never intended for him to personally approach Rockefeller on his behalf. He requests a letter of introduction to present to Rockefeller or one of Rockefeller's associates.
Sawyer encloses a letter of introduction to Arthur Packard, an associate of Rockefeller's, for Hench. He describes plans to honor Reed by the American Society of Tropical Medicine, and thinks these efforts may increase interest in Hench's Camp Lazear project. Sawyer feels it is important to recognize Finlay's contributions, although he thinks scientists should not accept an “untenable interpretation” of certain Finlay experiments.
Sawyer writes a letter of introduction for Hench, hoping that Packard will see him.
Hench writes that he will keep Sawyer informed of progress on the Camp Lazear memorial and is glad that Sawyer agrees that Finlay should also be honored.
Hench is disappointed that he has not heard from Andreu or Nogueira concerning plans for the Camp Lazear memorial. He informs Andreu of his scheduled visit to the Rockefeller Foundation to seek funds for the memorial.
Hench requests a meeting with Packard in New York. He relates the story of his yellow fever research, the discovery of Camp Lazear Building No. 1, and subsequent efforts to memorialize the site. He seeks the financial support of the Rockefeller Foundation, explaining that the Cubans feel Finlay was denied credit for his yellow fever work and blame the Rockefeller Foundation, in part, for championing Reed over Finlay. Hench believes this is an opportunity to recognize the work of both Finlay and the Americans.
Hench requests a meeting with Packard.
Packard informs Hench that the Rockefeller Foundation will not provide financial support for the Camp Lazear memorial. As such, he believes a meeting with Hench is unnecessary.
Packard apologizes for not replying to Hench's letter sooner, but felt it was necessary to resolve underlying policy matters relating to Hench's project before responding. He reiterates that the Rockefeller Foundation will not provide financial support for the Camp Lazear memorial.
Hench writes that despite the Rockefeller Foundation's refusal of financial support for the Camp Lazear project, he would like to meet with Packard to seek advice from him.
Nogueira informs Hench of the Cuban government's plans to place plaques on Camp Lazear Building No. 1 and on the Havana building where Finlay conducted his experiments, in 1881. He hopes action will be taken on Hench's proposals to preserve the Camp Lazear building soon, and promises to support those efforts.
Hench thanks Packard for meeting with him in New York. He reports that the Reed Memorial Association has reaffirmed its commitment to memorialize Camp Lazear.
Hench informs Nogueira that he will be unable to obtain American support for the Camp Lazear memorial until the Cubans make a firm commitment to maintain it. He would like to meet with the Cuban president when he visits Cuba in March.
Hench discusses his upcoming visit to Cuba. He sends her a photograph of an old check concerning rental of the Rojas land by the American government, which he received from Kean. Hench hopes that she will carefully preserve the Rojas daybook, which is so important in certifying the site of Camp Lazear.
Seth thanks Hench for the photographs and hopes to hear his speech in Washington in the spring.
Hench wants to know if it would be possible for Carter's correspondences to be sent to him to review. He is anxious to learn more about Carter's place in the yellow fever story, and thus far has found little to document his role.
Ennis reports that he has reserved a room at the Hotel Nacional de Cuba for the Henches and Mrs. J.H. Kahler.
Hench informs Beach that he is preparing a slide lecture on Reed to be delivered at the International Congress on Tropical Medicine.
Hench returns the yellow fever photographs to Bettmann, along with photos of William and Charles Mayo for Bettmann's collection of well-known American doctors.
Redd discusses his efforts to obtain Carter's correspondences for Hench. Redd has found many references to Carter's malaria and yellow fever work in the letters, as well as scattered references to Walter Reed.
Siler discusses the plans to memorialize the room where Walter Reed died.
Keeling reports to Hench that he has found a good deal of material, including a transcript of Reed's talk. He will bring a description of the material when he visits Hench next Sunday.
Hench questions Keeling about the transcript of Reed's Indianapolis lecture, in 1900, that Keeling has found. Hench wants to know if the one Keeling found includes more information than Hench's copy, or if it may be Reed's actual manuscript copy.
Bettmann thanks Hench for the photographs of William and Charles Mayo.
Hench thanks Redd for seeking permission from Carter's son for Hench to borrow the Carter correspondence. Hench offers to examine all the material himself and to treat it with respect. He is especially interested in correspondence between Carter and Reed, Lazear, Welch, or Sternberg.
Purdy's publishing house, Appleton-Century, is interested in Hench's planned book on Walter Reed and yellow fever.
Redd discusses Carter's extant correspondence, noting that much of it consists of social matters regarding Carter's daughter, Laura. Redd discusses Laura's important role in her father's work.
Sweeney reports to Keeling on the material he has found concerning Reed's presentation, in 1900, to the American Public Health Association meeting, in Indianapolis.
Hench discusses the plans to memorialize the room where Reed died.
Redd describes two letters he found concerning Carter's yellow fever work, and notes that he eliminated a lot of correspondence between Carter and Redd and Carter and his lawyer. He will send Hench the material if Carter's son approves.
Keeling suggests that Hench contact a friend of Keeling's to seek more information on Reed's presentation at the American Public Health Association meeting, in 1901.
Hench apologizes for missing Emilie Lawrence Reed's birthday. He hopes that Blossom Reed will attend the Reed memorial evening at the International Congress on Tropical Medicine, as well as the unveiling of the Walter Reed bust in New York.
McCoy, aide to Governor-General Leonard Wood during the yellow fever experiments, comments on Wood's dismissal of the importance of Finlay's mosquito work, Wood's intervention with Surgeon General Sternberg to keep Reed's work going, and the location and arrangement of Wood's offices. McCoy stresses Wood's strong support of Reed and his work.
Lyons seeks material to be reproduced in a program for the unveiling of the Walter Reed bust at the Hall of Fame. She solicits suggestions from Hench.
Hench informs Carter, Jr. that he is writing a book about Henry Rose Carter. Hench explains his procedures in organizing collections of letters and requests Carter, Jr.'s help.
Hench writes Redd about obtaining research material from Henry Rose Carter, Jr.
Siler discusses the location of the room where Walter Reed died. Siler knows that Hench wants to check on information contained in Hagedorn's biography of Wood and promises to arrange a meeting with McCoy.
Truby discusses the location of the room where Walter Reed died. Truby requested and received floor plans from the commanding officer of Washington Barracks, where Reed died. However, they do not conform with his memory. Truby feels that he cannot make any positive statement as to the exact location of the room unless they unearth something to solve this discrepancy.
Redd discusses the unorganized state of Carter's correspondence, noting that the papers were stored in trunks without any cataloguing system.
Carter explains the connection between his father and Walter Reed.
Hench introduces himself to Rice and discusses his planned book on the conquest of yellow fever. Hench wishes to purchase a copy of Rice's biography of J.W. Hurty because there is a photograph of the room in which Reed presented his paper, in 1900. He inquires if Rice knows where Reed stayed in Indianapolis for the 1900 conference.
Hench discusses his planned book on yellow fever and his interest in the subject. Hench questions McCoy about Wood's support of Reed's experimentation, in Cuba, and possible opposition from the Surgeon General.
Hench discusses his yellow fever research. He informs Tillisch that he is searching for an aerial photograph of the area around Camp Lazear, but has been unable to locate one.
Hench discusses his yellow fever research. He informs Tillisch that he is searching for an aerial photograph of the area around Camp Lazear, but has been unable to locate one.
Rhoads advises Hench that the Old German House and the present Athenaeum are one and the same. The Old German House, as such, has not been replaced.
McCoy questions Hench about his book on Reed and yellow fever. He is looking forward to meeting with Hench.
Rice discusses Reed's presentation at the Indianapolis medical conference, in 1900. Rice notes that Reed's paper was little talked about by the conference participants. Rice agrees to provide Hench with a copy of his biography of Hurty.
Hench thanks Purdy for his interest in the book he is preparing. However, he has not yet begun to write the first draft.
Siler agrees with Truby that many changes occurred to the interior of the building where Reed died. Siler will go to Fort McNair in an attempt to secure earlier plans of the hospital.
Nogueira is looking forward to Hench's arrival in Cuba. Hench will meet with the President of Cuba during his visit.
Hench is delighted to have the opportunity to look over Carter's papers. He promises to let Carter, Jr., know whatever he finds of historical value.
Tillisch informs Hench about his efforts to find persons who will be able to help him obtain an aerial view of Camp Lazear.
Hench informs Lyons that he has been made the custodian of an enormous amount of material pertaining to Reed and his colleagues. Hench makes suggestions as to what photographs might be used in the program for the Walter Reed Celebration. He also suggests including Cornwell's painting Conquerors of Yellow Fever in the project.
Carter, Jr., says his father's letters will give Hench interesting data. He suggests that Stitt and Williams might be able to help Hench find more information concerning what his father did in controlling yellow fever.
Wyllie appreciates the copy of Hench's speech on Reed. He mentions that he has heard rumors that Hench might speak at the local historical society meeting.
Clemons thanks Hench for providing him with the text of his address on Walter Reed and yellow fever.
Hench is anxious to have access to Carter's trunks, and so requests that Redd send them directly to his home.
Benson is fairly certain that the aerial photographs of Cuba that Hench wants are available. He says the photos of foreign areas are classified and must be cleared, but thinks it can be done in a minimum of three weeks.
Contains article about Philip Showalter Hench's yellow fever research.
The note relates to Philip Showalter Hench's Confidential Memorandum of Trip to Cuba, March 2-11, 1948 .
Hench discusses, in detail, his trip to Cuba. He writes that Moran and Nogueira were of great help to him. Moran stated that he was the first to volunteer for the experiments. Hench describes his visit to Camp Lazear, the Finca San Jose, Camp Columbia, Las Animas Hospital, General Wood's old headquarters, the site of the 1901 Pan-American Medical Congress, Finlay's home, and the Finlay Institute.
Hench discusses, in detail, his trip to Cuba. He writes that Moran and Nogueira were of great help to him. Moran stated that he was the first to volunteer for the experiments. Hench describes his visit to Camp Lazear, the Finca San Jose, Camp Columbia, Las Animas Hospital, General Wood's old headquarters, the site of the 1901 Pan-American Medical Congress, Finlay's home, and the Finlay Institute.
Lawrence Reed has given his consent for the Hall of Fame to use whatever Reed material is in Hench's possession.
This is a list of the people and places that [Hench] wants to see while he is in Havana.
This is a list of the people and places that [Hench] wants to see while he is in Havana.
This is a list of the people and places that [Hench] wants to see while he is in Havana.
This is a list of the people and places that [Hench] wants to see while he is in Havana.
The notes relate to a list of the people and places that [Hench] wants to see while he is in Havana.
Lyons has been in contact with the Wyeth company, which has offered to make inserts of the Cornwell painting for the Hall of Fame program. She awaits a note from Lawrence Reed giving permission to reproduce material in Hench's collection.
Law reports that the Wyeth company is cooperating with the Hall of Fame. He inquires about the possibility of a residency position at the Mayo Clinic for a young doctor whom he has sponsored.
Lyons thanks Law for referring her to Roley, who will provide inserts for the Hall of Fame program.
Siler reports that Kean had to be hospitalized again. He agrees with Kean and Hench that the marker for the room where Walter Reed died should be placed on the outside of the building and not on the inside.
Redd informs Hench that he will be sending the trunks, containing the Carter correspondence, shortly.
Purdy discusses publishing possibilities in regards to Hench's planned book on yellow fever and Reed. He understands that other publishers are pursuing Hench's work, but believes his company could do a good job.
Dart understands that Hench is interested in loaning items from his Walter Reed materials for use in the Walter Reed Exhibit that will form a part of the Fourth International Congress of Tropical Diseases Exhibition. He is particularly interested in items relating directly to the yellow fever experiments.
Seth thanks Hench for the copy of the address he delivered at the University of Virginia.
Lyons requests that Hench send photostats and photographs of specific items from the general list of data in his possession. The material will be used in the Hall of Fame program for the unveiling of the Walter Reed bust.
Lyons writes that Lawrence Reed has suggested that the Hall of Fame program include an image of Lemuel Reed's parsonage. She asks if Hench has a photo.
Philip Hench discusses what day would be best for him to speak at the Albemarle County Historical Society meeting. He would like to work it in before his session at the International Congress on Tropical Medicine in Washington, but will accept any invitation with which Atcheson Hench is involved.
Hench informs Dart that he is willing to supply material for the Walter Reed exhibit at the International Congress on Tropical Medicine, in Washington, D.C. However, he is not willing to provide material to the Army Medical Museum as he is using the documents to write his book.
Hench writes to Carter, Jr., that he is delighted to hear Redd plans to send material from Carter's father.
Hench thanks Law for providing the inserts of Cornwell's painting for the Hall of Fame celebration. He says the Mayo Foundation has 600 fellows - rather than the normal 350 fellows - due to men returning from the war, and thus fellowships are very competitive.
Hench thanks Keeling for informing him that the Old German House and the Athenaeum are the same. Hench briefly discusses his trip to Cuba.
[Law] offers to send Cornwell's painting, “Conquerors of Yellow Fever” to the Fourth International Congress on Tropical Medicine.
Law informs Hench that he has offered to loan the Cornwell painting for the Fourth International Congress on Tropical Medicine.
Hench informs Lyons that he will get photostats or photographs of the items that Lyons has requested for the Hall of Fame program. He suggests she contact Kean or Siler to obtain better copies of Reed's birthplace. He also suggests that she write to the Metropolitan Life Insurance Company and ask for their Reed photos. He is not certain he will be able to attend the ceremony.
Roley writes that he is delighted to send the original Cornwell painting for the Fourth International Congress on Tropical Medicine. He notes in a postscript that the painting should probably be sent to Dart, and so will send him a copy of this letter.
Lyons clears up some confusion about which items she wanted Hench to send for the Hall of Fame program. Howard will be invited to the ceremony, and she hopes he can come. She regrets that Hench will be unable to attend.
Hench relates his attempts to locate an aerial photograph of Marianao. Hench thanks McFarland for the suggestion to write the American Geographic Society and asks McFarland if he thinks Hench should correspond with the Pan-American office, in New York.
Hench thanks Wyllie for the clipping from the University of Virginia Alumni News, but is disturbed that Cooke's name did not appear in the abstract since he is an alumnus of the University of Virginia. Hench mentions his invitation to give his Walter Reed speech before the Albemarle County Historical Society.
Benjamin tells Hench that the New York Academy of Medicine has taken possession of the correspondence relating to Curie's visit to the United States.
Minor invites Hench to give his lecture on Walter Reed to the Albemarle County Historical Society.
Clemons will fulfill Hench's request to have items photographed and mailed to Lyons.
Hench writes that it is very kind of Roley and Law to offer Cornwell's painting “The Conquerors of Yellow Fever” for the Fourth International Congress on Tropical Medicine.
Hench thanks Law for allowing the exhibition of Cornwell's painting at the Fourth International Congress of Tropical Medicine.
Dart informs Hench which items from his collection they would like for the exhibit at the Fourth International Congress of Tropical Diseases. The central panel of the exhibit will be Cornwell's painting, “The Conquerors of Yellow Fever.” A search has been instituted in the Surgeon General's Library for translations of Finlay's papers.
Hench informs Lyons that it has taken him longer than he anticipated to organize his materials for the Hall of Fame ceremony.
Lyons informs Hench that the Metropolitan Life Co. will provide photographs of Reed's birthplace and the Walter Reed Hospital. She has ordered additional copies for him.
Hench suggests several ways to write the courtesy line for items loaned by Emilie Lawrence Reed for the Hall of Fame program. He inquires about Lawrence Reed's time at Pinar del Rio.
Lawrence Reed makes a suggestion for the form of the courtesy line for items loaned by his mother for the Hall of Fame program. He informs Hench that he was not stationed at Pinar del Rio.
Hench discusses items he is sending for the Hall of Fame ceremony. Of importance are: Finlay's first paper, fever charts, the Congressional Medal awarded to Reed, remains of Building No. 1, and yellow fever volunteer contracts.
Redd has sent Hench the Carter materials, but notes that they are not organized in any way.
Berkeley, Curator of Manuscripts at Alderman Library, University of Virginia, encloses copies of the photostats of Reed items he has mailed to Bertha Lyons, at Hench's request, for the Hall of Fame ceremony.
Berkeley lists the photostats of Reed items he is sending to Lyons for use in the Hall of Fame program.
Hench informs Chavez that he has received the photographs, which Chavez sent to him.
Hench informs MacDonald that he has returned from Cuba, where he acquired aerial photographs of Marianao from the Cuban Air Force.
Lyons is surprised and pleased at the large number of photostats of Reed material that Hench has sent to the Hall of Fame. She discusses the use of the material and gives Hench directions to the Hall of Fame, where he will attend a ceremony.
Hench expresses concern about the safety of material being shipped for an exhibit.
Hench expresses concern about security issues in setting up an exhibit.
Hench expresses concern about security issues in setting up an exhibit.
Hench informs Minor that he will be pleased to give a talk on Walter Reed for the Albemarle County Historical Society. He discusses details related to arrangements and scheduling.
Rice sends Hodges the list of hotels Indianapolis in 1900 for his review and comments on Hench's research. Hodges handwritten reply is included at the end of this letter.
Lyons lists the copies of Walter Reed items that have been selected from among those sent by Hench to be used in the Hall of Fame.
Franck discusses secretarial work she has done for Hench in connection with interviews of Lawrence Reed, Kean, and Ireland.
In connection with Hench's efforts to learn more about Reed's 1900 Indianapolis lecture, Rice sends Hench a list of hotels in the city at that date. He also encloses a letter from Rice to Fletcher Hodges, a friend and long-time Indianapolis resident, which includes Hodges' reply to Rice. Hodges has crossed out some of the hotels on the list.
This list of hotels was compiled from the 1900 Indianapolis City Directory to determine where Walter Reed might have stayed.
Hench sends Lyons a photograph of Reed's grave for possible inclusion in the Hall of Fame exhibit, and discusses the courtesy lines to be used for individual items in the exhibit.
Lyons thanks Hench for the photograph of Reed's grave and discusses courtesy lines and other details in reference to the copies of Reed items provided by Hench for the Hall of Fame exhibit.
Hench has received the Carter material sent by Redd. He is disappointed to see no Reed or Lazear correspondence. Hench inquires if it would be possible for Redd to also send the Carter photographs, as he especially wants to find a photograph of Carter in Cuba.
Hench informs Bettmann that he has sent Lyons at the Hall of Fame some yellow fever photographs made from material Hench purchased from Bettmann.
Hench thanks Chavez for the photographs and requests permission to use them in slides and in his book, crediting them to Chavez.
[Hench] discusses the funding approved, by the Minister of Public Works, for the Camp Lazear memorial. [Hench] describes his meetings, arranged by Carbonell, with the Cuban Vice-President and engineer Colete, and postulates that Colete and the Vice-President may have influenced the approval of the funds.
Brill requests a photograph of Reed to be included with the publication of Hench's lecture in the Alpha Omega Alpha magazine.
Redd informs Hench that he may keep the Carter materials as long as he wishes, and that Redd will look over the Carter photographs and send appropriate ones. Redd knows of only two Walter Reed letters in the materials.
Hench assures Lyons that he meant to put no pressure on her to include Reed's Congressional Medal in the Hall of Fame exhibit.
Williams has a copy of “Selected Papers of Dr. Carlos J. Finlay” that belonged to Carter, and which contains marginal notes by him. One note pertains to mosquitoes acquired from Finlay by Lazear. Williams offers to lend the book to Hench before returning it to Carter's son.
Hench discusses details concerning the upcoming publication of his Reed lecture for Alpha Omega Alpha in the society's magazine, the "Pharos."
Trout informs Hench that an account of Cooke's yellow fever experiences might be published.
Dart informs Hench that a Reed exhibit will be prepared for the International Congress of Tropical Diseases using items from the Army Medical Library and Museum. Hench may then add items of his own when he arrives in Washington. Dart has been unable to find an English translation of Carlos J. Finlay's works.
Lyons discusses the Reed exhibit being prepared for the Hall of Fame.
Hench returns Benitoa's photographs. He informs Benitoa of Moran's status as a yellow fever volunteer.
Hench asks for aerial photographs of Havana and Quemados, Cuba.
Hench thanks Phillips for helping him to acquire copies of aerial photographs, and requests the name and address of the man who took the original photographs.
Hench requests aerial photographs of Havana and Quemados, Cuba. He encloses a check and reprints of some of his articles on Reed and yellow fever.
Hench discusses the upcoming Hall of Fame event.
Brill discusses details concerning the publication of Hench's Alpha Omega Alpha lecture by the society.
Hench requests enlargements of the aerial photographs which Chavez obtained. He would also like to borrow the negatives.
Hench sends a photograph of the remains of Camp Lazear Building No. 1, to be included in the publication of Hench's Alpha Omega Alpha lecture by the society.
Lyons requests information on Camp Lazear Building No. 1 for the Hall of Fame exhibit on Reed.
Hench provides Lyons with information on Camp Lazear Building No. 1, to be used in a Hall of Fame exhibit on Reed.
Hench informs Dart that he will bring Reed materials for exhibit at the International Congress of Tropical Medicine. He appreciates the ongoing search for an English translation of Carlos J. Finlay's work.
Hench sends McCoy a memorandum on his recent trip to Cuba. Hench inquires if McCoy could arrange for Hench to use Wood's diary in the Library of Congress, and seeks further information from him concerning McCoy's opinions that Wood was the primary supporter of Reed's work in Cuba.
Hench asks Clemons to have Hench's Reed material ready for him to pick up from Alderman Library. Clemons may copy any of the material for his records.
Lyons sends Hench the captions for the copies of Reed items to be exhibited at the Hall of Fame. She asks that he proofread them so that the program can be prepared.
Hench hopes that Blossom Reed will attend his talk honoring Walter Reed at the International Congress of Tropical Medicine.
Contains the articles entitled, "Dr. Philip Hench Discusses Reed for Historical Society "and "Mr. and Mrs. Galban Entertain at Buffet Supper ".
Hench replies to Lyons' letter and suggests editorial changes. He will arrive in New York on May 20th for the Hall of Fame event.
Dart sends Hench a copy of the exhibit folder and tentative program of the International Congress of Tropical Medicine.
Sawyer tells Hench that he is writing to Strode in an attempt to trace a missing book belonging to Rodriguez Leon. He sends Hench a copy of this letter. Sawyer remembers receiving another reprint from Agramonte, but does not remember this missing book. He promises to make every effort to either find or replace the publication.
Sawyer writes Strode in an attempt to trace a missing books belonging to Agramonte Rodriquez Leon.
McCoy thanks Hench for detailing his latest trip to Cuba. He informs Hench that Wood's daughter will not allow him to study her father's papers until she has had time to arrange them. He confirms the account of the Sternberg-Wood incidents as described in Hagedorn's biography of Leonard Wood.
Hench discusses Cuban attitudes toward the “Reed versus Finlay” debate, and describes his reaction to a threatened protest by the Cuban delegation. Hench was careful to include Finlay items in his exhibit and slide show, and to praise Finlay in his lecture.
Valderrama y Pena promises to copy items related to Cuban and American yellow fever experiments for Hench. He asserts that in June of 1900 nobody except Finlay and his assistant Delgado believed that mosquitoes transmitted yellow fever.
Lyons informs Hench that she has tried to recognize Finlay as fully as possible in the Hall of Fame event, but insists that the event honors Reed, not Finlay.
Hanberry sends Hench some news clippings concerning his participation in the yellow fever experiments.
Lyons is glad that Hench enjoyed attending the Hall of Fame Reed ceremony. She will return his material and send him a photograph showing Lawrence and Blossom Reed unveiling Walter Reed's bust.
Lyons returns material on loan from Hench for the Hall of Fame ceremony. She also sends copies of other material which might prove useful for Hench's book.
Lyons returns material on loan from Hench for the Hall of Fame ceremony. She also sends copies of other material which might prove useful for Hench's book.
Standley informs Hench that there were no additional photographs taken during the International Tropical Medicine Congress. He compliments Hench for his address on Reed.
Hench appreciates Keefer's compliments on his article. He informs Keefer that the Cuban government has set aside funds to memorialize Camp Lazear.
Christian discusses his personal relationships with a number of the yellow fever investigators. He notes that it was not highly unusual for a student to complete the University of Virginia medical course in one year, as Reed did.
Jennings is responding to a request by Hench for aerial photographs of Cuba. Hench's letter has been forwarded to the U.S. Army General Staff because of policy regarding foreign areas.
Hench sends Christian a copy of the Hall of Fame program and informs him that the Cuban government has set aside funds to memorialize Camp Lazear.
Lyons sends Hench a copy of the photograph of Lawrence and Blossom Reed unveiling the Walter Reed bust.
Hench has edited the manuscript and selected photographs for the publication of his Washington, D.C. lecture.
The Bettmann Archive requests that Hench return original documents related to yellow fever.
McFarland has been unable to obtain the aerial photograph that Hench requested, but will ask Pan American Airways to take one for him.
Hench suggests that Bettmann have an assistant look over old magazines for yellow fever illustrations, for Hench has found many valuable ones in these sources.
Hench is sending Hanberry some photographs and returning Hanberry's news clippings.
Hench describes the photographs that were taken at the Reed memorial event at the International Congress on Tropical Medicine. He notes that Lawrence Reed and Truby were misidentified in one photo.
Jennings informs Hench that the Cuban defense ministry has granted approval of the sale of aerial photographs of Cuba to Hench.
The Walter Reed Memorial Association Board expresses regret to [Laura Armistead Carter] Stitt upon the death of her husband, Board member E.R. Stitt. The Board reviews the plan to place a plaque in the building where Reed died and sets a tentative date for Hench and Truby to install the plaque. Board members agree to raise monthly support of Mrs. Reed by $50.00.
Kean extends sympathy to [Laura Armistead Carter] Stitt on behalf of the Board of Managers of the Walter Reed Memorial Association on the occasion of the death of her husband.
Hench writes that he is still working to memorialize Camp Lazear, but cannot proceed until he knows the Cubans will support upkeep of the site. Hench will be coming to Cuba and would like to meet with Carbonell regarding this matter.
Hench explains his discovery of the remains of Camp Lazear and his desire to honor Finlay and the U.S. Army Yellow Fever Commission by memorializing the site. He describes his plans for developing the site into a museum, park, and health clinic. Hench expresses appreciation for the Cuban appropriation of funds for the project, and offers $1000 for the immediate preservation of Building No. 1.
Hench discusses further plans for the preservation of Camp Lazear. He inquires if it would be possible for Nogueira to bring Finlay's diaries to America with him so that he can microfilm them.
Hench discusses efforts to discover the date and circumstances of the Americans' visit to Finlay to acquire mosquitoes for research use. To this end, he requests permission to borrow Carter's book of Finlay's collected works that contains a marginal note on this subject.
Hench outlines his plans for the memorialization of Camp Lazear. He hopes the Ignacio Rojas daybook will be deposited in the Camp Lazear museum, if it is built.
Colete informs Hench that he and others visited various Cuban government offices, and that they believe the work to preserve Camp Lazear will begin soon. The government will not accept Hench's offer of $1000 for immediate preservation efforts on Building No. 1.
Cardenas informs Hench that he and others visited the public works department, and that they believe the work to preserve Camp Lazear will begin soon. It will not be necessary to accept Hench's offer of $1000 for immediate preservation efforts on Building No. 1.
Hench offers his yellow fever materials for use in a proposed museum.
Hench discusses efforts to preserve Camp Lazear.
This is a plan for a proposed Cuban-American Memorial at the site of Camp Lazear. Specified are building locations and orientation to the surrounding area.
The collection finding aid does not list all of the items that are housed in this file.
This document describes items related to yellow fever in detail; including letters, reports, medical charts, medals, artifacts, books, photographs, interview transcripts, magazines, and sketches.
This document describes items related to yellow fever in detail; including letters, reports, medical charts, medals, artifacts, books, photographs, interview transcripts, magazines, and sketches.
Moran informs Hench that he has decided not to publish his memoirs because he feels it would further antagonize Cuba. He offers his opinion on the political and cultural situation in Cuba, especially as it pertains to the preservation of Camp Lazear. Finally, he makes clear his position in the Reed-Finlay debate concerning credit for conquering yellow fever.
Siler informs Hench that the Walter Reed Memorial Association has approved increasing the monthly payments made to Emilie Lawrence Reed.
Hench comments on Emilie Lawrence Reed's pension increase.
Hench sends Jacobson information regarding Reed's early career. He also refers him to Laura Wood's book.
Siler informs Hench that Ireland is in the hospital. The Reed Memorial Association plans to place plaques on the building where Reed died at the next meeting of the group, which Hench will attend.
Siler informs Hench that Ireland is in the hospital. The Reed Memorial Association plans to place plaques on the building where Reed died at the next meeting of the group, which Hench will attend.
Johnson requests permission to use a reproduction of Cornwell's painting “Conquerors of Yellow Fever” for an article he is writing on yellow fever.
Hench gives Jacobson permission to publish Hench's letter outlining Reed's early career as an addendum to his article.
Hench is concerned that there is only one copy of Moran's yellow fever manuscript, and so urges Moran to send it to him to have copies made. Hench would like to have a copy of Moran's manuscript to compare with his notes, and as a basis to formulate questions for Moran.
Hench begs Moran to allow him to read his manuscript “My Date with Walter Reed and Yellow Jack” while Moran is still alive so that he can discuss it with him. He promises to keep it in confidence. Hench discusses the ongoing Camp Lazear memorialization campaign.
Jacobson writes that he would be delighted to receive photographs of Reed's Brooklyn Hospital diplomas for inclusion in an article and in an exhibit at the hospital.
Hench thanks Lyons for her praise of his arthritis research. He has not progressed far on his Reed book, but finds the yellow fever research a wonderful hobby and plans to finish the book.
Bustinza seeks photographs of Reed and Lazear from Hench, for a book he is writing.
Hench is sorry to hear of Emilie Lawrence Reed's worsening health. He assures Blossom Reed that the Reed Memorial Association payments made to her mother will continue to be paid to her.
Sawyer congratulates Hench on his success in arthritis research and informs him that Gorgas may be nominated for the Hall of Fame.
Siler does not think Hench should attend the Reed Memorial Association meeting if his health does not approve.
Hench doubts that he will be able to attend the Reed Memorial Association meeting, but sends suggestions regarding Association business for his colleagues to consider. He recommends that Blossom Reed continue to receive Emilie Lawrence Reed's monthly pension after the latter's death. Hench informs Siler that the Cuban government has abandoned plans to preserve Camp Lazear and refused Hench's funds to temporarily protect Building No. 1. He suggests that the Association approach contacts in the U.S. War or Defense Departments to see if diplomatic or military channels might open the way for temporary preservation of the building.
Jacobson informs Hench that his article on Reed's residency at Brooklyn Hospital will be released soon. He discusses the illustrations used in the article.
Siler agrees with Hench that Emilie Lawrence Reed's pension should be transferred to Blossom Reed. Siler requests Hench's opinion regarding the wording of the plaque to be placed on the building where Reed died. Siler regrets that the plans for the Camp Lazear preservation have fallen through, but suggests that General Bliss may be able to help with the matter.
Siler encloses minutes of the Walter Reed Memorial Association and asks Hench to review them.
The minutes include a treasurer's report, a resolution to transfer a monthly allowance to Blossom Reed upon the death of her mother, a continuation of the $50 increase to Emilie L. Reed, discussion of a plaque to commemorate the location of Reed's death, and comments on the protection of Building No. 1.
Siler regrets that Hench is unable to attend the annual meeting of the Walter Reed Memorial Association. He discusses his visit with Bliss and his efforts to preserve Building No. 1. Siler informs Hench about his plans to have a plaque placed on the wall of a building where Reed had died.
Siler requests that Hench send a number of reprints of his paper, "Conquerors of Yellow Fever," to the commanding officer of the Army Medical Center.
Hench compliments Jacobson on his Reed paper. Hench inquires if Jacobson saw any records indicating that Reed examined yellow fever cases in New York.
Hench writes that he is looking forward to examining Leonard Wood's diaries.
Jacobson informs Hench that he does not believe Reed examined yellow fever cases in Brooklyn during his internship. There are no records of any yellow fever outbreaks during this time period.
Borrell invites Moran to attend a lecture honoring Finlay at the Havana Rotary Club.
Hart discusses his trip to Havana, where he received the National Order of Merit of Carlos Finlay award. He regrets to report that Building No. 1 is dilapidated, and he believes that the Cuban government has not done anything to preserve the site of the former Camp Lazear.
Rojas inquires whether Philip Hench is still investigating the yellow fever story. She has heard about Hench's discovery of a new arthritis treatment, and would like to know more about it. Rojas discusses her and Lydia's work.
This resolution establishes a Walter Reed Commemoration Commission.
This resolution establishes a Walter Reed Commemoration Commission.
Hench provides biographical information about some of the men involved with the yellow fever experiments. He stresses the importance of celebrating the 50th anniversary of Reed's work.
Wallach informs Hench about the introduction of a joint congressional resolution to honor Reed and his work. Wallach hopes to receive Hench's help in mobilizing various groups who have an interest that this resolution be passed.
Soper suggests wording for the proposed Reed plaque.
Siler discusses suggestions to change the inscription on a plaque memorializing Reed's place of death. He discusses a resolution introduced in Congress to honor the memory of Reed. Siler informs Hench of Osborne Wood's death.
Siler regrets that Hench was unable to attend the annual meeting of the Walter Reed Association. Kean told Siler that Hench approves of the modification of the inscription on the plaque to memorialize Reed's place of death.
Wood thanks Hench for his letter about the yellow fever survivors. He notes that it will be useful for a project to commemorate the 50th anniversary of Reed's work.
Hench will send Siler a large number of reprints of his paper on Reed, to be distributed at military medical facilities. He suggests small changes in the inscription for the plaque memorializing Reed's place of death. Hench is delighted that a bill has been introduced in Congress to honor Reed.
Hench informs Lawrence Reed about Wallach's involvement in the passage of a bill honoring Walter Reed. Hench questions Wallach's motivations for such action. He requests Reed's opinion in the matter.
Hench discusses his upcoming travel plans.
Lawrence Reed informs Hench that he was interviewed by Wallach. He appreciates his efforts to memorialize his father's work by supporting the passage of a bill in Congress. He is unsure of Wallach's motives in supporting this bill.
Hench agrees with Soper concerning the proposed changes to the inscription of the memorial plaque, to be placed at the site where Reed died. He notes that the "Saturday Evening Post" rejected an article on Reed.
Hench suggests a Reed memorial which would have long-range value to the public rather than a short-term publicity campaign. He discusses Camp Lazear and Building No. 1, and his efforts to have this site memorialized. Hench informs Wallach of the work of the Walter Reed Memorial Association, and other attempts to publicize Reed's work.
Hench informs Maguire that this is the 50th anniversary of the conquest of yellow fever by Reed and his colleagues. He hopes that a suitable article might be prepared for some magazine. Since he does not have time to write an article, he inquires whether Maguire would be interested in taking up the task.
Wallach is grateful for Hench's suggestions. He feels that influential circles should exercise their power. Wallach would like to discuss Hench's proposals further.
Siler does not have any recent information concerning the status of the bill in Congress honoring Reed. He offers his opinion as to how any funding should be spent. The final wording of the plaque memorializing the site of Reed's death has been agreed upon.
Hench encourages Siler to stay in contact with Wallach. He feels that Wallach's activities should be guided by the Walter Reed Memorial Association.
Siler describes his preparations to have the plaque memorializing Reed's death unveiled. He has not heard from Wallach and does not know the present status of the bill and the allocation of the funding. He offers his opinion on how any government funding should be spent.
Hench encourages Wallach to contact Siler, the secretary of the Walter Reed Memorial Association. Hench notes that there is a general feeling any funding should be spent on something more long-term than a publicity campaign.
The plaque honoring Reed will soon be installed at Fort McNair. He will send Hench a photo of the plaque after its installation. Siler has not heard from Wallach since his original visit to Washington.
Wallach requests that Hench put him in contact with policy-making officials of some of the important pharmaceutical companies.
Carey plans an article on Reed and yellow fever research. He wants to know what triggered Hench's interest in Reed's work. Carey inquires what kind of plans have been made for the preservation of Building No. 1 at Camp Lazear.
Paul provides the names and addresses of Filiberto Ramirez Corria and Carlos Ramirez Corria.
Carey details the 50th anniversary of the yellow fever experiments.
Carey requests Hench's permission to use an illustration in an article he is writing. He also requests a photograph of Camp Lazear Building No. 1 for the same article.
Hench sends Carey reprints of his articles on the yellow fever story. He provides a detailed account of his involvement in researching the story and his attempts to preserve Camp Lazear.
Carey sends Hench copies of two Associated Press stories on Walter Reed and yellow fever that he has written. He discusses the interviews and research he has done for the stories, requests a photograph of Building No. 1, and expresses hope that the second article, which discusses preservation of the building, will help to generate support for that effort.
Carey describes the history of Camp Lazear Building No. 1; as well as the efforts of Hench to preserve the structure.
Blossom Reed informs Hench that her mother, Emilie Lawrence Reed, has died.
The Henches send condolences to Blossom Reed on the death of her mother, and assure her that the Walter Reed Memorial Association will continue paying Emilie Lawrence Reed's subsidy to Blossom.
The Henches send condolences to Lawrence and Landon Reed on the death of Emilie Lawrence Reed, and inform them that the Walter Reed Memorial Association will continue paying Emilie Reed's subsidy to Blossom Reed.
Blossom Reed thanks Hench for his expression of sympathy on her mother's death, and expresses regret that he could not serve as a pallbearer.
Lawrence Reed thanks Hench for his expression of sympathy on his mother's death, and expresses regret that Hench could not serve as a pallbearer. He describes the funeral.
Lawrence Reed thanks Kean for his expression of sympathy upon Emilie Lawrence Reed's death.
Hench informs Kellogg of Emilie Lawrence Reed's death.
Hench informs Graham of Emilie Lawrence Reed's death, and suggests that President Truman and Surgeon General Bliss send condolences to Lawrence Reed.
Mrs. Griswold sends Hench $50.00 for the Reed Memorial Association, in memory of Emilie Lawrence Reed.
Carey sends Hench a copy of his yellow fever article. He informs Hench that the publication of the second story has been postponed.
Graham thanks Hench for informing him of Emilie Lawrence Reed's death. Graham has notified the White House and Surgeon General Bliss.
Hench inquires if the memorial plaque has been placed on the building where Walter Reed died. Hench regrets that he could not attend Emilie Lawrence Reed's funeral to serve as a pallbearer.
Hench inquires about the project Wallach had proposed. Hench had suggested that Wallach enlist the help of the Walter Reed Memorial Association.
Hench expresses regret that he was unable to attend Emilie Lawrence Reed's funeral.
Hench expresses regret that he was unable to attend Emilie Lawrence Reed's funeral, but hopes that Blossom Reed will now have time to rest. He informs her that he would be glad to receive and preserve any material of Emilie and Walter Reed's that she might come across in housecleaning, and that the University of Virginia, the Mayo Clinic and the Library of Congress have expressed interest in being permanent guardians of the Reed materials.
Blossom Reed describes her financial troubles and considers selling her mother's paintings in order to keep her home. She alludes to writings of her mother's that would be of interest to Hench.
Siler informs Hench that the plaque commemorating the room where Walter Reed died has been placed at Fort McNair. He discusses the subsidy paid to Blossom Reed by the Walter Reed Memorial Association.
Hench would like to have a photograph of the plaque placed on the building where Walter Reed died. Hench tells Siler that he has heard from Sidney Wallach again.
Siler believes that the project to publicize Reed's work, proposed by Sidney Wallach, would be a waste of money and only benefit Wallach's company. Siler informs Hench that Kean has been ill.
Hench is concerned about Kean's condition and prospective surgery, and would like more information because he believes a different surgical procedure is more appropriate.
Hench informs Blossom Reed that he is making inquiries about the annuity to be paid her by the Walter Reed Memorial Association and discusses the possibility of using some of the fund's principal.
Lawrence Reed informs Hench that Blossom Reed has been hospitalized. He discusses Blossom's financial difficulties and offers his opinions on the subject. He writes at length about Blossom's history of mental problems.
Hench thanks Lawrence Reed for informing him about Blossom Reed's illness, and notes that her last letter to him suggested that she was under a strain.
Siler informs Hench that Kean has died.
Hench is distressed by the news of Kean's death and feels as though he has lost his own father.
Hench requests that Siler keep Hench's letters regarding Kean's medical treatment confidential.
Hench informs Siler that he has heard from Blossom Reed, who described her financial distress and seemed somewhat incoherent. Hench suggests that it would be a comfort to her if the Walter Reed Memorial Association could let her know that the annuity will continue. He also mentions the possibility of using some of the principal of the trust to help Blossom keep her home.
Siler describes Kean's medical condition up to his death and notes that there was a beautiful service followed by burial at Monticello. He discusses Blossom Reed's health and financial situation.
Siler provides more details concerning Kean's medical condition before his death. Siler will confer with Lawrence Reed about Blossom's house in Pennsylvania, but believes it has been rented, and that she is to live with Lawrence after her discharge from the hospital.
Wallach sends Hench correspondence between Wallach and Siler concerning a proposed commemorative program for Walter Reed. He asks Hench to use his influence with the Reed Memorial Association to arrange a meeting to discuss the project.
Siler tells Wallach that the death of Kean, who was President of the Walter Reed Memorial Association, makes it impossible for him at the present time to state when the Association can have a conference with him concerning a commemorative program for Reed.
Wallach sends his condolences for the death of Kean. He is dismayed at waiting until the end of November to discuss a commemorative program for Reed and offers to visit Washington to discuss the subject.
Hench thanks Siler for the information about Kean and Blossom Reed. Hench will be unable to attend the Reed Memorial Association meeting this year.
Siler informs Hench that members of the Reed Memorial Association will meet with Sidney Wallach to discuss his proposed publicity campaign. He regrets that Hench will be unable to attend the Association meeting, and offers to change the date to accommodate him.
Wallach sends Hench a copy of a letter he has written to Siler at Hench's suggestion.
Wallach describes plans for a national and possibly international Walter Reed commemorative publicity campaign under the auspices of the Reed Memorial Association, and stresses the importance of the campaign in light of communism.
Siler inquires if Hench might be able to attend a meeting of the Reed Memorial Association on his return home from Europe after receiving the Nobel Prize.
Hench informs Siler that it will be impossible for him to attend the upcoming meeting of the Reed Memorial Association. However, he hopes to attend again in the future.
This memorandum records the minutes from the annual meeting of the Walter Reed Memorial Association. Included is a discussion of Blossom Reed's situation and the ongoing effort to publicize Reed's work.
Siler informs members of the Association about the date of the annual meeting.
Siler informs Hench that he has been elected vice-president of the Reed Memorial Association, and hopes that he will accept. The former vice president, Ireland, has been hospitalized for several months.
Hench discusses Lydia's arthritis. He discusses the stalled effort to preserve Building No. 1 at Camp Lazear and asks if Rojas knows of any way to break the impasse. He assures her that plans for the memorial will in no way intrude on the nearby Rojas family home.
Hench is delighted that the Cuban government honored Hart. He details his attempts to preserve and memorialize Building No. 1 at Camp Lazear, and asks if Hart encountered anyone in Cuba who might be able to help.
Hart believes that the only way the Camp Lazear site will be preserved is if the Americans provide funds. However, he is willing to make overtures to his friends in Cuba.
This outline lists chapter titles and provides rough descriptions of their content.
Bean inquires if any plans have been made for a celebration of the centennial of Walter Reed's birth. If not, Bean will propose the idea to people at his alma mater, the University of Virginia.
Hench informs Siler that he is pleased to accept the vice-presidency of the Walter Reed Memorial Association. Hench discusses the recent deaths of Kean and Moran.
Siler sends Hench photographs of the plaque placed on the building where Reed died. He congratulates Hench for being awarded the Nobel prize and hopes that he will be able to attend this year's Walter Reed Memorial Association meeting.
Hench agrees that Bean should suggest that the University of Virginia commemorate the centennial of Reed's birth, and offers to help in any way possible.
Bean informs Hench that he will discuss a commemoration of the centennial of Reed's birth with colleagues at the University of Virginia.
Hench discusses the photographs of the plaque placed on the building where Reed died.
Hench thanks Mrs. Griswold for her contribution to the Reed Memorial Association and informs her that most of the association's funds are used to support Reed's daughter.
Hench thanks Mrs. Griswold for her contribution to the Reed Memorial Association and informs her that most of the association's funds are used to support Reed's daughter.
Hench makes detailed criticisms of Standlee's manuscript on Walter Reed. His remarks are prefaced by a thorough account of his own Reed research.
Alexander, writing on behalf of "The Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences," requests that Hench review a book on yellow fever, by George Strode, for the journal.
Hench requests photographs of Walter Reed and the people and places associated with the yellow fever experiments. He also seeks photographs of the Nobel Prize ceremonies.
Mayer sends Hench a photograph of the Carlos J. Finlay Memorial in Panama City.
Hench thanks Mayer for the photograph of the Carlos J. Finlay Memorial in Panama City.
Hench is delighted to hear of the new source of Reed-Gorgas material that Lyons has discovered. He regrets that he was not able to attend the Hall of Fame event for Gorgas, but would like a program.
Spies informs Hench that the University of Havana would like him to attend the International Congress on Nutrition and Metabolism.
Hench continues his critique of Standlee's manuscript on Walter Reed, making detailed observations based on his research into the yellow fever experiments.
Tate thanks Hench for his citation of Kelly's Reed biography. Tate criticizes the accuracy of Kelly's account of the yellow fever experiments.
Hench requests more information as to why Worden seeks certain photographs.
Hench requests brochures for the hotel.
Worden informs Hench the photographs will be used in connection with a plan by the Army to honor Walter Reed on the upcoming centennial of his birth. He adds that "The Washington Post" is preparing an article, and hopes that Hench will consider contributing to it.
Narbona sends Hench information on the Hotel Varadero International.
Hench refers Tate to an upcoming history of Walter Reed Hospital, by Mary Standlee, which will include a chapter on yellow fever.
Hench honors Walter Reed's memory on the occasion of the centennial of his birth, writing that Lawrence Reed's father left his family a priceless heritage.
Hench pays homage to Walter Reed on his 100th birthday.
Hench informs Blossom of a celebration at the Bellevue Medical Center honoring her father. Blossom has compared Hench to her father, for which he is deeply honored.
Bellevue Medical Center, at New York University, plans to celebrate the centenary of Reed's birth. Since Hench is unable to attend, Wheldon requests that Hench send a message to be read during the ceremony.
Leikind is seeking information on Reed for a paper he is to present and recollects that Hench was interested in the subject.
Hench suggests that Reed's family be invited to New York University's celebration of the centennial of Reed's birth. Hench argues that Wheldon is mistaken as to the year in which Reed received a degree from New York University College of Medicine.
Whelden apologizes for listing Reed's graduation date incorrectly and informs Hench that Lawrence Reed has been invited to the ceremonies celebrating the centennial of his father's birth.
Gibson informs Hench that he is planning a biography of Sternberg. He learned about Hench's interest in Reed from a recent newspaper article, and would like access any Reed-Sternberg material from Hench's collection. Gibson also mentions having published a biography on Gorgas.
Eckman sends Hench a letter from Morris Leikind, who is seeking information on Reed for a paper he is writing.
Hench sends a message honoring the memory of Reed on the 100th anniversary of his birth, to be read at the New York University College of Medicine celebration.
Hench inquires whether the celebration honoring Reed took place, since he did not receive the promised information. He also wonders whether the Washington Post wrote an article on Reed, since the newspaper never contacted him.
McEwen thanks Hench for the detailed information regarding Reed's diplomas and the dates of his time in college. He informs Hench that Reed's children are unable to attend the University's events celebrating the centennial of their father's birth.
Hench reserves a room at Havana's Hotel Nacional. He has been invited to participate in a medical congress in Havana.
Hench describes his interest in Reed's work and sends Leikind reprints of his articles on Reed.
Hench hopes that the telegram sent for New York University's commemoration of the centennial of Reed's birth was satisfactory. He offers to send a photograph of Reed's Bellevue medical diploma to McEwen.
Ennis confirms Hench's room reservation at Havana's Hotel Nacional de Cuba.
Hench provides Gibson, who is publishing a biography of Sternberg, an overview of his Reed research. Hench offers his opinion of the relationship between Sternberg and Reed. Hench lists several important parts of the yellow fever story that remain in doubt and hopes that either he or Gibson might find the answers.
Hench discusses his upcoming trips and inquires about the date of the next meeting of the Walter Reed Memorial Association.
Gibson discusses his research on Sternberg. He thinks that Sternberg, along with Gorgas, was at first skeptical about the mosquito theory. However, he reconsidered that view before Reed went to Cuba. Like Hench, Gibson has not seen any confidential notes between Sternberg and Reed concerning the Yellow Fever Board.
Siler informs Hench that nothing special is coming up at the annual meeting of the Walter Reed Memorial Association. Since Hench will be unavailable this time, he hopes to see him at next year's meeting.
Worden informs Hench about the Washington, D.C., Virginia, and New York University College of Medicine activities commemorating the centennial of Reed's birth. The Washington Post carried an article featuring Cornwell's painting and a photograph of Blossom Reed.
Lopez recommends that the Hench's stay at the Casa La Rosa, in Varadero, Cuba.
McEwen comments on Hench's telegram message for the New York University College of Medicine ceremony honoring Walter Reed.
Hemphill is publishing an article on Walter Reed's years in Virginia and seeks photographs, as well as corrections to the manuscript, from Hench.
McEwen would like to have a copy of Reed's New York University-Bellevue medical Center diploma. He provides replies to the questions Hench had posed concerning Reed's medical education and experience in New York.
Hench writes that he enjoyed reading the article about Reed and refers to photographs that might be appropriate. Hench notes that he knows little of Reed's early life and refers Hemphill to Laura Wood's book.
Hemphill thanks Hench for his comments on the manuscript about Reed's years in Virginia. He would like copies of Hench's photographs of Reed's University of Virginia medical diploma and of his birthplace.
Hench informs Lawrence and Blossom Reed that he is receiving numerous requests for his Reed materials. He notes that he would like to develop a policy regarding photographs and proper credit; in this matter he requests Lawrence Reed's opinion.
Blossom Reed explains why Hench is receiving numerous requests for information about her father: she mentioned in an interview Hench's extensive collection of Reed material.
Lawrence Reed suggests that Hench should use whatever caption he wishes, since he is the custodian of his father's papers.
Hench requests to use a certain caption for photographs from his Reed collection.
This documents records the deliberations of the Reed Memorial Association. Special attention is paid to the centennial of Reed's birth.
Hench will send Hemphill a copy of Reed's medical diploma and a photograph of his birthplace. These will be used in an article published by the Virginia State University.
Hench sends two photographs to Hemphill, for use in an article by the Virginia State Library. He hopes to receive some copies of the article when it is printed, so that they can be distributed among Reed family members and friends.
Warthen requests permission to borrow some of Reed's personal items for the next annual meeting of the Richmond Academy of Medicine.
Hench suggests a list of Reed items, which can be used for a Walter Reed Exhibit during the next meeting of the History of Medicine Section of the Richmond Academy of Science.
Spies asks for a copy of Hench's speech so it can be translated into Spanish. He does not believe that Hench will need a passport or visa to enter Cuba.
Watson requests that Ennis provide top-quality service for the Hench's when they visit the Hotel Nacional, in Havana, Cuba.
Love thanks Griswold for her monetary gift to the Walter Reed Memorial Association.
Spies urgently requests a copy of Hench's speech so that it can be translated into Spanish.
Spies invites Hench to a luncheon at the Hotel Nacional, in Havana.
Hench is discouraged by the Cuban government's lack of response to the Camp Lazear memorial. The government will not permit Hench to donate money to the site because it is a Cuban national monument, but the government has not allocated any money itself.
Hench informs Rojas that he is coming to Cuba in about five months for a medical congress. He asks her advice about hotels and indicates that he would like to see her.
Rojas informs Hench that she has read of the Cuban government's plans to make the Camp Lazear memorial another monument to Finlay, and wonders if Hench has abandoned his plans for the memorial or is still working with the government. She offers her help and hopes his ideas will be carried out.
Rojas informs Hench that she has read of the Cuban government's plans to make the Camp Lazear memorial another monument to Finlay, and wonders if Hench has abandoned his plans for the memorial or is still working with the government. She offers her help and hopes his ideas will be carried out.
Rojas writes that she is glad to know Hench is coming to Havana because there are matters she wishes to discuss with him. She provides information about Cuban hotels and informs him that she will soon be in New York.
Rojas writes that she is glad to know Hench is coming to Havana because there are matters she wishes to discuss with him. She provides information on Cuban hotels and informs him that she will soon be in New York.
Rath, director of the National Trust for Historic Preservation, has noted Hench's interest in preserving the structure in which the yellow fever experiments occurred. The Trust does not have funds, but would be glad to offer support and publicize his project.
Hench writes Rath that he would appreciate any help that the National Trust for Historic Preservation could provide in preserving Camp Lazear. He describes his attempts to enlist the support of the Cuban government and the Rockefeller Foundation.
Hench informs Love that he will not be able to attend the Walter Reed Memorial Association meeting. He writes that he is going to make one more effort [to memorialize Camp Lazear] when he returns to Cuba in several months.
Rath hopes that the National Council for Historic Sites and Buildings will be able to help in Hench's efforts to memorialize Camp Lazear.
Love informs Hench that he was missed at the Walter Reed Memorial Association meeting. He read Hench's letter to Standlee, in which he questioned the reliability of her information, but does not think anyone will be able to convince her that Reed deserves all the recognition he has received.
Rath informs Hench that his attempt to preserve Building No. 1 lies outside the purview of the National Council for Historic Sites and Buildings because of the Cuban government's involvement. He suggests raising funds through a medical fraternity, possibly with the sanction of the American Medical Association or the Walter Reed Memorial Association.
Warthen informs Hench that the Richmond Academy of Medicine will not be able to provide financial aid for the preservation of Building No. 1. He also regrets that it will not be possible to exhibit any of the Reed items at the annual history section meeting, but appreciates Hench's offer to lend copies of some of the originals and states which items he would like.
Hench thanks Blossom Reed for the Christmas gift of two books owned and signed by her father. He thinks the librarian at the Mayo Clinic will want to put them on display. He informs her that he is returning to Cuba and hopes to work on the preservation of Building No. 1.
Hench is sending Lawrence Reed a copy of the “Virginia Cavalcade,” which has an article about Walter Reed.
The collection finding aid does not list all of the items that are housed in this file.
[Hench] outlines remarks to be made upon his acceptance of “The Order of Finlay.” He speaks highly of Finlay and states that one of his most valued possessions is an original copy of Finlay's first paper on yellow fever and mosquitoes.
This is Hench's speech, made on his acceptance of “The Order of Finlay.” He speaks highly of Finlay and states that one of his most valued possessions is an original copy of Finlay's first paper on yellow fever and mosquitoes.
This is Hench's speech, made on his acceptance of “The Order of Finlay.” He speaks highly of Finlay and states that one of his most valued possessions is an original copy of Finlay's first paper on yellow fever and mosquitoes.
This interview transcription includes questions posed to Hench by a Cuban newspaper and Hench's answers. Hench expresses appreciation for receiving the Order of Finlay. He explains his thoughts on preserving Camp Lazear and emphasizes the cooperation that took place among people of different countries and different religions in discovering the cause of yellow fever. He also discusses his interest in hormones, particularly cortisone, hydrocortisone, and corticotropin.
This interview transcription includes questions posed to Hench by a Cuban newspaper and Hench's answers. Hench expresses appreciation for receiving the Order of Finlay. He explains his thoughts on preserving Camp Lazear and emphasizes the cooperation that took place among people of different countries and different religions in discovering the cause of yellow fever. He also discusses his interest in hormones, particularly cortisone, hydrocortisone, and corticotropin.
Clark inquires if Hench has any information on the "Apache girl," called Susie, who was abandoned by an Apache raiding party under Geronimo. She was subsequently taken in by Reed and trained as a servant. Clark notes that Susie eventually left the Reeds and returned to Oklahoma, where she taught English to Apaches.
Hench is concerned about his responsibilities connected with the Congress on Nutrition and Vitaminology in Havana. He has received conflicting information regarding dates and paper submissions.
Lappage informs Hench that there will be receptions on January 23 and January 24.
Hench informs Lappage that he has completed his reading copy for the Congress on Nutrition and Vitaminology lecture, but that it requires editing before publication.
Lappage requests that Hench edit the final draft of his speech and mail it to her.
Spies regrets that the speech preparation has been so demanding on Hench. He believes Hench needs a good rest while he is in Cuba, and notes that there are only several short functions he need attend.
Lappage informs Hench there will be no discussion of his paper, no occasion for informal remarks, and no facilities for showing his film. His bibliography can be whatever length he deems suitable.
Siler discusses the possibility of establishing a permanent exhibit of Walter Reed material, as well as the pros and cons of placing it at the Walter Reed Medical Center or the Army Medical Museum. Hench would be of great help in selecting material to be used in an exhibit. He hopes Hench's Cuba trip will result in the Cuban government furnishing funds for the preservation of Building No. 1.
Hemphill will send Hench additional copies of the “Virginia Cavalcade.”
Hench's speech, for the Congress on Nutrition and Vitaminology, discusses nutrition and the importance of the enrichment of flour.
Hench's speech, for the Congress on Nutrition and Vitaminology, discusses nutrition and the importance of the enrichment of flour.
Carbonell describes Hench's investigations into the yellow fever experiments and the actual location of Camp Lazear. He praises Hench as a physician and a friend while advocating the support of Hench's plans by the Cuban government.
The collection finding aid does not list all of the items that are housed in this file.
In this speech, to the Rotary Club of Havana, [Hench] mentions his marriage, his admiration of those involved in the yellow fever experiments, and some of the people he has met through his yellow fever research.
The speaker mentions Hench's discovery of cortisone, his Nobel Prize, and the Order of Finlay award.
The collection finding aid does not list all of the items that are housed in this file.
Hench thanks Andreu for the Order of Finlay, and asks for a copy of Andreu's speech. He is delighted to know that there is a plan to memorialize Camp Lazear, and hopes that he will be able to attend the ceremony.
The collection finding aid does not list all of the items that are housed in this file.
Hench informs Spies that Hench's paper from the recent Havana conference has been revised and edited. He thanks Spies for the hospitality shown him in Havana, expresses his pride in receiving the Finlay medal, and asks Spies' help in acquiring a translation of Andreu's remarks made at the medal ceremony.
Hench thanks Lopez for the courtesies shown to the him during the recent Havana congress. Hench enjoyed the meeting very much, even though vitamins and nutrition are not his field.
Hench thanks Rodriguez for the copy of his book on Finlay. Hench will have a translation made, and is sure he will find the information useful for his own research.
Lazier thanks Hench for his note discussing the Lazear family, and will use the information in future research.
Blossom Reed describes her financial problems in trying to keep her home. She explains to Hench that she will not supply information about Susie to Clark because she hopes to have Susie's story published for her own financial gain.
The collection finding aid does not list all of the items that are housed in this file.
Lopez thanks Hench for his contributions to the recent Havana conference. He was pleased to learn about Hench's work with cortisone, and also appreciated Hench's thoughtfulness in presenting slides in both Spanish and English.
Castillo thanks Hench for participating in the Conference on Vitamins and Nutrition in Havana. [See 04420009, 04420012 for English and Spanish versions of Castillo's speech.]
In an introduction to Hench's presentation at a Havana conference, [Castillo] gives an overview of Hench's Nobel prize winning research on arthritis and cortisone. See Spanish original.
In an introduction to Hench's presentation at a Havana conference, Castillo provides an overview of Hench's Nobel prize winning research on arthritis and cortisone. See English translation.
Hench promises to review Reed's letters to see whether he ever mentioned Susie, an Apache household servant. He will send a copy of Clark's letter to Reed's family, who may remember her.
Clark thanks Hench for attempting to locate information about Susie, the Apache girl who was a domestic servant in Reed's household.
Hench will inform Clark that Blossom plans to write a story about the Apache woman who worked in her parent's household. Hench offers to put her into contact with one of the editors of the Saturday Evening Post. He reports that the Cuban government seems prepared to do something about Camp Lazear, and he will send Blossom copies of the plans.
The collection finding aid does not list all of the items that are housed in this file.
Clemons thanks Hench for a copy of an article on Walter Reed by James H. Bailey. He is impressed by the author's range of knowledge.
Hench informs Clark that Blossom is writing a story about Susie, the Apache girl who worked in her father's household. He shares confidential information about Blossom's financial hardship, and says that he believes Reed's daughter should have the rights to this story, which Clark has been interested in publishing himself.
Hench thanks Andreu for the honor of being elected a corresponding member of the Sociedad Cubana de Salubridad Publica.
Bean sends Hench a copy of his talk on Reed. He would like to send copies to members of the Reed family. The publication of this talk stimulated considerable correspondence, and he is happy to have helped to keep Reed's name before the public.
Truby discusses his health problems. He comments on Standlee's history of Walter Reed Hospital. Truby suggests that it should be reviewed by some of the senior officers at the hospital.
The collection finding aid does not list all of the items that are housed in this file.
Hench suggests that Bean send copies of his talk about Reed to various interested persons.
Bullock inquires if Malagon knows of any organizations in Cuba that are concerned with the preservation of historical monuments, and whether there are any provisions in Cuban law for the protection of such sites. Bullock mentions Hench's interest in the preservation of Building No. 1 at Camp Lazear.
Hench asks Rose and Forbes, whom he visited ten years ago, for the correct middle name of Wallace Forbes, so that it may be placed on the Camp Lazear memorial tablet. He also inquires as to the whereabouts of Wallace Forbes.
Hench doubts that the dedication of Camp Lazear will take place in September 1952. He does not think that the Cuban government will be able to pay travel expenses for the attendees, and suggests ways that the U.S. Army or government might pay for the Reeds and Truby to attend. Hench thinks it would be appropriate for the United States to have an official representative at the dedication, and suggests that Love approach the Surgeon General about this.
The collection finding aid does not list all of the items that are housed in this file.
Hench is sorry to hear of the death of Gen. Ireland. He won't be able to attend the Hench family reunion. Hench inquires if George Carroll is still alive.
Truby reports on his health and comments on attempts to have Ames included as a member of the Reed yellow fever board, which Truby insists is not historically accurate. He notes that Hench is still working for the preservation of Building No. 1 at Camp Lazear.
Hench thanks Cage for informing him that Ida Kissinger has died.
Blossom Reed thanks Hench for the photograph and clipping. She sends him rough copies of her invitation from the Cuban government to attend the Lazear Memorial, and of her reply declining to attend.
Hench is delighted with Blossom Reed's diplomatic reply to the Cuban invitation, in which she promoted her father and mentioned Reed's high regard for Finlay. He informs her that the park will be called Camp Lazear, and that this is the first time the Cuban government has honored Reed and his associates.
Hench informs Lawrence Reed that Blossom Reed has already replied to the Cuban invitation to attend the Camp Lazear dedication. Hench requests that he send a communique expressing the appreciation of the Reed family.
Lawrence Reed informs Hench that he has received three invitations from the Cuban government to attend the dedication of Camp Lazear. However, he has declined the invitations. He hopes that Hench has a wonderful time in Havana.
Hench requests permission from the Mayo Clinic Committee on Trips to attend the dedication of Camp Lazear, explaining his involvement with the preservation efforts. He has been invited by the Cuban government to speak at the ceremony.
The Medical Graduate Committee approves a request to place a wreath on Finlay's memorial, and the Committee on Trips approves Hench's request to attend the dedication of Camp Lazear.
Hench suggests that Smith publish a short news item in "The Journal of the American Medical Association" about the upcoming dedication ceremony of Camp Lazear. He lists the names of Cuban officials involved in the project. Hench confesses his fear that the site will be called “Parque Finlay” instead of Camp Lazear.
Hench expresses his condolences to Mrs. Cooke on the death of her husband. He informs her of the upcoming Camp Lazear dedication and asks for a photograph of her husband, whose name will appear on the memorial tablet.
Exposito invites Hench to attend and speak at the dedication ceremony for Camp Lazear.
Smith informs Hench that he will contact Cuban officials in order to get information about the dedication of Camp Lazear, and to stimulate recognition of American interest in this activity.
Hench inquires whether the Medical School of Jefferson College or the Medical Alumni Association would be interested in placing a wreath under the medallion of Finlay during the dedication ceremony of Camp Lazear. Finlay graduated from Jefferson Medical College in 1855.
Hench accepts Exposito's invitation to attend the ceremonies at the Finca San Jose, site of Camp Lazear.
Hench inquires whether the Medical School of Harvard University might wish to have a representative place a wreath under the medallion of Wood during the dedication ceremonies of Camp Lazear. Wood graduated from Harvard Medical School in the late 1880s.
Hench inquires whether a representative of the Medical School of the University of Virginia would like to place a wreath under Reed's medallion during the dedication of Camp Lazear. Reed graduated from the University of Virginia Medical School in 1869.
Hench inquires whether a representative of the Bellevue Medical Center would like to place a wreath under Reed's medallion during the dedication ceremonies of Camp Lazear. Reed graduated from Bellevue Medical College in 1870.
Hench inquires if a representative of the College of Physicians and Surgeons would like to place a wreath under the medallions of Agramonte, Lazear and Sternberg during the dedication ceremonies of Camp Lazear. All three were graduates of the College of Physicians and Surgeons.
Hench inquires if a representative of the University of Maryland Medical School would like to place a wreath under Carroll's medallion during the dedication ceremonies at Camp Lazear. Carroll graduated from the Medical School of the University of Maryland in 1891.
Hench suggests to Bauer that a representative of the American Medical Association place a wreath either beneath the medallion of Finlay at Camp Lazear or on Finlay's grave during the dedication ceremonies of Camp Lazear.
Hench describes the upcoming Camp Lazear dedication. He suggests that Carey, of the Associated Press, notify his Havana correspondent to obtain preliminary information for press coverage.
Hench describes the upcoming Camp Lazear dedication and encourages the ambassador to attend, in support of Cuban-American friendship. He sends him background information explaining the delicacy of the situation and refers to the Finlay-Reed controversy.
Hench looks forward to renewing his friendship with Ramos, whom he assigned a central role in the preservation of Camp Lazear. Hench also hopes that Ramos' suggestion of a public health facility on the site might be carried out, and pledges his support in this effort.
Hench hopes that Strode, or one of his Rockefeller Foundation associates, will attend the Camp Lazear dedication. In his speech Hench plans to credit Finlay with the mosquito theory and Reed with its proof.
Bauer regrets that he cannot attend the Camp Lazear dedication but will suggest that the American Medical Association be represented there.
McEwen approves of Hench's idea of having a Bellevue Medical School representative at the Camp Lazear dedication. He will contact an alumnus in Havana to attend, and also send a wire on the occasion.
Hench suggests to Halverson that a representative of the American Public Health Association place one or two wreaths during the dedication ceremonies of Camp Lazear, or send a message if no one attends. If Halverson has not received an invitation, Hench would be glad to suggest discreetly that he be invited.
Beaulac, of the American Embassy in Havana, informs Hench that he will attend the dedication of Camp Lazear. He would be pleased to host a reception as well.
Lippard, of the University of Virginia Medical School, requests that Hench make arrangements to place a wreath in memory of Virginia alumni Reed, Moran, and Kean at the Camp Lazear dedication.
Hench informs Lippard that he will arrange to place a wreath representing the University of Virginia Medical School in memory of Reed, Moran, and Kean at the Camp Lazear dedication. He will try to purchase orange and blue ribbons, as Lippard has instructed.
Rappleye has arranged for a representative of Columbia University Medical School to place wreaths in memory of alumni Lazear, Agramonte, and Sternberg at the Camp Lazear dedication. He thanks Hench for the suggestion.
Smith informs Hench that a representative from the American Medical Association will attend the Camp Lazear dedication and present a wreath.
Warren, of the Rockefeller Foundation, replies to Hench's inquiry about Reed's formula for the development of yellow fever. He states that Reed's fundamental conclusions are still accepted, but he does think it possible that some of Finlay's yellow fever cases may have been produced as a result of his experiments.
Carey appreciated Hench's tip regarding the Camp Lazear dedication and has written a story for the Associated Press, which he encloses. He asks that Hench inform him about any new developments in cortisone and ACTH.
Carey's article explains the significance of Camp Lazear, describes the memorial, and discusses Hench's role.
Halverson informs Hench that the American Public Health Association will not send a representative to the Camp Lazear dedication.
Bennett informs Hench that a representative of Jefferson Medical College will lay a wreath in memory of Finlay at the Camp Lazear dedication. Jefferson Medical College, Finlay's alma mater, is planning a celebration of the centennial of Finlay's graduation, in 1855.
Hench informs Rappleye, of Columbia University Medical School, that the Cubans are delighted that wreaths will be laid at the upcoming Camp Lazear dedication.
Hench informs Berry, of Harvard University Medical School, that the Cubans are delighted that a wreath in memory of Wood will be laid at the upcoming Camp Lazear dedication.
Lippard thanks Hench for representing the University of Virginia Medical School at the Camp Lazear dedication.
Hench reports to McEwen that the Cubans are delighted about the wreath in memory of Reed at the Camp Lazear dedication.
Berry, of Harvard Medical School, explains the background and significance of the upcoming Camp Lazear dedication, and requests that Caswell represent Harvard at the ceremony.
Rake informs Hench that Jefferson Medical College alumnus Leandro Tocantins will represent the school at the upcoming Camp Lazear dedication.
Tocantins informs Hench that he will represent Jefferson Medical College at the Camp Lazear dedication. Hench is invited to the Pan-American Medical Association meeting which will meet on December 5 to report on the events and to highlight the accomplishments of Jefferson alumnus Finlay.
Wylie has asked University of Maryland School of Medicine alumnus Jose Echeverria to represent the school at the Camp Lazear dedication. A wreath will be laid in memory of Maryland alumnus Carroll.
Halverson, of the American Public Health Association, informs Hench that he is unable to attend the Camp Lazear dedication.
Hench is pleased that Beaulac, the American Ambassador to Cuba, will hold a reception following the Camp Lazear dedication. Hench forwards a copy of his remarks for the dedication so that Beaulac may be better informed about the history and persons associated with Camp Lazear.
Hench apologizes to Lippard, of the University of Virginia School of Medicine, that he forgot that Cooke also graduated from Virginia. He will add Cooke's name to the wreath for the Camp Lazear dedication.
Lippard inquires if Cooke should be included on the wreath representing the University of Virginia School of Medicine at the Camp Lazear dedication. Cooke, who died recently, was also a Virginia alumnus.
Hench was glad to hear from Wylie that the University of Maryland School of Medicine alumnus, Echeverria, will represent the school at the Camp Lazear dedication.
Hench is glad that Jefferson Medical College alumnus Tocantins will represent the school at the Camp Lazear dedication, honoring fellow alumnus Finlay.
Berry hopes that Caswell will be able to represent Harvard at the Camp Lazear dedication, but is sending official greetings from Harvard to Hench, to convey to the Cubans, in case Caswell cannot attend. On the same page, a note from Berry to Hench congratulates him on skillfully planning this event.
Ramos approves of Hench's idea of adding a public health facility to the memorial. He also discusses friends who are currently at the Mayo Clinic.
This notice specifies the time and place of the meeting and the business to be discussed.
The collection finding aid does not list all of the items that are housed in this file.
In this speech, delivered at the dedication of Camp Lazear, Hench stresses the Cuban-American cooperation underlying the conquest of yellow fever. He discusses the Havana Yellow Fever Commission of 1879 and the choice of the Finca San Jose as an experimental site because of its yellow fever immunity. He describes Finlay's mosquito hypothesis and experiments, and the lack of support for his theory. Hench then outlines the work of Lazear and the Reed Commission, quotes Reed and Finlay, and concludes with praise for both the Cubans and Americans. See English original.
In this speech, delivered at the dedication of Camp Lazear, Hench stresses the Cuban-American cooperation underlying the conquest of yellow fever. He discusses the Havana Yellow Fever Commission of 1879 and the choice of the Finca San Jose as an experimental site because of its yellow fever immunity. He describes Finlay's mosquito hypothesis and experiments, and the lack of support for his theory. Hench then outlines the work of Lazear and the Reed Commission, quotes Reed and Finlay, and concludes with praise for both the Cubans and Americans. See Spanish translation.
In this draft, Hench discusses the Cuban-American cooperation underlying the conquest of yellow fever. He mentions the Havana Yellow Fever Commission of 1879 and the choice of the Finca San Jose as an experimental site because of its yellow fever immunity. He describes Finlay's mosquito hypothesis and experiments, and the initial lack of support for his theory. Finally, Hench outlines the work of Lazear and the Reed Commission, quotes Reed and Finlay, and concludes with praise for both the Cubans and Americans. [See 04435001 and 04435013 for a shorter draft, in Spanish and English, of the speech.]
The collection finding aid does not list all of the items that are housed in this file.
Hench lists photographs taken during the dedication ceremonies of Camp Lazear, including scenes of speeches, laying of wreaths, and presentation of awards.
Hench offers to send Smith information for a story on Camp Lazear.
Cassidy informs Hench that she would like to publish a piece about Walter Reed, the recent dedication ceremony in Cuba, and Hench's continued interest in the story. She inquires if he would be willing to lend manuscripts or reprints that might furnish background material.
Smith requests that Hench send him more information regarding Camp Lazear.
Wylie sends Hench a copy of the letter sent to him by Echeverria, indicating how much Echeverria enjoyed taking part in the Camp Lazear exercises.
Echeverria briefly describes to Wylie the memorial park at Camp Lazear, the ceremony associated with the dedication, and his pleasure at being able to take part in the ceremony.
Hench has returned from the dedication ceremony of Camp Lazear and offers to send Smith clippings and photographs of the dedication.
Smith accepts Hench's offer to document the Camp Lazear dedication as if he were the correspondent for the “Journal of the American Medical Association.” He inquires if Hench knows of someone in Cuba who would be willing to be a correspondent for the journal.
Baker is sending Hench clippings of two articles that appeared in “Excelsior.” He regrets that the reporter published the articles without allowing Rojas and Baker check them, but thinks that the reporter explained cortisone use fairly well.
Hench is sending Caswell two photographs of the Camp Lazear dedication taken with his own camera. Hench will make any desired prints for Caswell once he gets the film from Nogueira.
Hench suggests that Smith invite Nogueira to be the Cuban correspondent for the “Journal of the American Medical Association.” He praises Nogueira for fulfilling his promises in a timely fashion, knowing everyone in Cuban political life, and for his knowledge of medicine.
Rojas requests that Hench send her some photographs of the Camp Lazear dedication. She also invites him to come to San Jose for a rest.
Smith informs Hench that he can wait until the end of January for the Camp Lazear article and would like a photograph from the event.
The collection finding aid does not list all of the items that are housed in this file.
This telegram relates a loving message of best wishes.
This list includes representatives from universities and institutions paying tribute at the Camp Lazear dedication ceremony. Also included are the names of the honorees.
This list includes the names of the representatives from various universities and institutions present at the Camp Lazear dedication ceremony. It also indicates where the floral tributes were placed and whom they honored.
Nogueira, the Marianao Director of Sanitation, certifies that Hench will fumigate Building No. 1 at Camp Lazear for termites.
The American ambassador requests Hench's presence at a reception.
This receipt lists the cost of the floral tributes for each organization represented at the Camp Lazear dedication ceremony.
This card was created to accompany a floral wreath presented in honor of Finlay, Reed, and associates.
The card was created to accompany a floral wreath presented in honor of Finlay, Delgado, Reed and associates.
This card was created to accompany a floral wreath presented in honor of Finlay.
This card was created to accompany a floral wreath presented in honor of Wood.
This card was created to accompany a floral wreath presented in honor of Reed.
This card was created to accompany a floral wreath presented in honor of Carroll.
This card was created to accompany a floral wreath presented in honor of Agramonte.
This card was created to accompany a floral wreath presented in honor of Lazear.
This card was created to accompany a floral wreath presented in honor of the American, Cuban and Spanish soldiers.
This card was created to accompany a floral wreath presented in honor of Sternberg.
This card was created to accompany a floral wreath presented in honor of Reed, Moran, Cooke and Kean.
This card was created to accompany a floral wreath presented in honor of Walter Reed.
This card was created to accompany a floral wreath presented in honor of Finlay, Delgado, Reed and associates.
This plan shows the seating arrangement for the Camp Lazear dedication banquet.
Official Cuban invitation to the Camp Lazear dedication identifies Building No. 1 as the site of Finlay's discoveries. The invitation includes a program of events, including Hench's speech.
This is an official invitation to the Camp Lazear dedication. It includes a program of events.
Hench explains the difficult socio-political situation in Cuba. He focuses on the confusion surrounding his invitation to receive the Order of Finlay, his difficulties with the Cuban press, and financial irregularities regarding the Camp Lazear fund.
Hench writes about the progress on the Camp Lazear memorial park and states that the park and remains of Building No. 1 are to be dedicated in September.
Hench informs his friends that the dedication of Camp Lazear has been postponed until December 3, 1952, which is Finlay's birthday and “Physicians' Day” in Havana. He is still concerned that the praise for Finlay might overshadow the doctors and volunteers who worked at Camp Lazear.
Hench informs Spies that the dedication of Camp Lazear will be held on Finlay's birthday and “Physicians' Day” in Cuba. He has made his concerns known to Nogueira that Finlay will dominate the affair and that Camp Lazear will be renamed “Parque Finlay.” He suggests Spies visit Camp Lazear when in Cuba to see how the work is progressing.
Hench writes that still has faith in Nogueira, but thinks the American Embassy in Cuba and the Surgeon General should become involved if it is discovered that the Cubans plan to dedicate Camp Lazear and Building No. 1 with new names.
Hench asks Love to check into the [Cuban] situation, since Siler is ill.
Hench stresses the importance of the final name for the Camp Lazear site. He also thinks it is important that the Army medical department and the State Department have representatives at the ceremony. Hench requests that Love contact Siler and Lawrence Reed to find out if they plan to attend the ceremony.
Hench informs Armstrong about the Camp Lazear memorial and his concern about the park and Building No. 1 being named after Finlay. Hench believes that the Army Medical Corps and the State Department should participate in the dedication. He encloses an extensive report on the impending memorialization of Camp Lazear and the participation of the U.S. Army and State Department in the ceremony.
Hench reports to Army Surgeon General [Armstrong] on the impending memorialization of Camp Lazear and the participation of the U.S. Army and State Department in the ceremony. Additional items covered include the tentative date for the dedication, the correct names of the volunteers, the name to be given the memorial, American representatives at the dedication, financial support of the current project, and future improvement of the project by American financial support.
Armstrong suggests that Streit, Commanding General of the Walter Reed Army Medical Center and the Walter Reed Army Hospital, would be the ideal choice to represent the U.S. government at the Camp Lazear dedication ceremonies. He praises Hench's unremitting interest and zeal.
Armstrong informs Hench he will be unable to attend the Camp Lazear dedication, but that he thinks Streit is a more appropriate representative anyway. Furthermore, Lawrence Reed, Blossom Reed and Truby will all be unable to attend as well. He mentions the possibility of financial assistance for representatives, but notes that aid for the memorial would require an act of Congress.
Hench requests that Siler send him the names and addresses of the officers of the Walter Reed Memorial Association. Hench wants to send the names to Nogueira in the hopes that they will be invited, or at least notified, about the dedication of Camp Lazear.
Hench informs Armstrong that he has not heard from Nogueira. Hench hopes that Armstrong can come to the dedication of Camp Lazear.
Siler informs Hench that he requested that Love send him the names and addresses of the officers of the Walter Reed Memorial Association. He inquires if Hench is going to the dedication of Camp Lazear and hopes that he will be in Washington so there can be a meeting of the Association.
Hench informs Siler that he has not heard from Nogueira for over a month and is concerned the park will be dedicated with a different name. He regrets that he will be unable to attend the dedication or a fall meeting of the Walter Reed Memorial Association as he has used up all his vacation and meeting time. He does intend to have a report on the Camp Lazear dedication to present to the Association.
Armstrong informs Hench that James Hanberry's middle name is “Leonard.” He regrets that he will be unable to attend the dedication of Camp Lazear, but is sure that Streit would be happy to attend if it does not conflict with prior commitments.
Hench writes to Armstrong that he has just received a cable from Nogueira informing him that the dedication of Camp Lazear has been postponed until December 3, 1952. Hench is concerned that Finlay will overshadow the U.S. Army Yellow Fever Commission because December 3 is Finlay's birthday and "Physicians' Day" in Cuba.
Fransway, Armstrong's secretary, informs Hench that Armstrong will be unable to attend the dedication of Camp Lazear. However, Streit will be available for the ceremony.
Hench regrets that Armstrong cannot attend the dedication of Camp Lazear, but is glad that Streit will be in attendance. He will pass on further news from the Cubans when it is available.
Siler regrets the difficulty Hench has had with the Cubans and hopes Finlay doesn't receive all the credit. He solicits Hench's opinion in regards to increasing Blossom Reed's pension.
Hench regrets that Dean and perhaps Pinto will not be mentioned at the dedication ceremony. However, he is delighted that Kean, Truby, Sternberg and Ames will be honored. Hench approves the recommendation to increase the pension for Blossom Reed.
Siler thanks Hench for approving the increased pension for Blossom Reed. He mentions the death of Cooke.
Hench requests that Love and Siler contact the editors of two military journals and encourage them to cover the dedication of Camp Lazear.
Hench thinks that Camp Lazear will be called “Parque Finlay,” which he regrets. He is very distressed after seeing photographs which show that Building No. 1 is being repaired extensively rather than enclosed and preserved. He feels the building will be a replica and not a restoration. He mentions the recent death of Cooke.
Siler is glad Hench will be able to attend the Camp Lazear dedication. He and Love agree with Hench's suggestion to encourage American publications to carry a news item about the dedication.
Hench is delighted to know that Streit has accepted the Cuban invitation to come to the Camp Lazear dedication. He warns Streit that the preservation of Camp Lazear has been a politically sensitive issue. Hench thinks it is important that the Americans are appreciative, but also truthful, about what happened at Camp Lazear. He laments that Building No. 1 has been almost completely torn down in the process of repairing it.
Siler informs Hench that he and Love have both received invitations to the Camp Lazear dedication, but regrets that he will be unable to attend.
Hench regrets that he will be unable to attend the meeting of the Walter Reed Memorial Association. However, he will report to the Association on the Camp Lazear dedication.
Hench makes clear that the Camp Lazear dedication is a significant affair because it is the first time the Cubans have honored Reed. He informs Streit that the Mayo Foundation is placing a wreath beneath the medallion of Finlay and suggests that the Surgeon General might like to do the same.
Hench writes that he will represent the Mayo Foundation at the Camp Lazear dedication. He discusses which groups should present wreaths at the dedication. He has just heard from Nogueira that the park is still called "Camp Lazear" and that Building No. 1 will also retain its name.
Streit likes Hench's idea of having various medical schools and clinics place wreaths beneath the bust of Finlay. He has discussed this with Armstrong, Love, and Siler.
Siler informs Hench that the Walter Reed Memorial Association has authorized funds for a wreath to be placed at Reed's medallion while the Surgeon General commissioned a wreath for Finlay.
Streit inquires if Hench thinks it would be more suitable to place the wreath from the Walter Reed Memorial Association under Finlay's plaque. He has had remarks dictated for possible use in Havana and would appreciate Hench's suggestions.
Hench says Cubans approve of wreath laying. He suggests the Army place one for Finlay. The University of Virginia is placing one in honor of Reed, but the University of Maryland has not responded in regards to Carroll.
Streit states that the Army will provide a wreath for Carroll as well as for Finlay, while the Walter Reed Memorial Association will provide one for Reed.
Streit is keenly disappointed that he is unable to attend the Camp Lazear dedication because of bad weather.
The collection finding aid does not list all of the items that are housed in this file.
Carbonell informs Hench that, largely through the efforts of Colete, the Cuban government has approved $50,000 for the preservation of Camp Lazear. However, he is unsure how the money will be used.
Hench regrets that he and his wife missed Carbonell's visit when they were in Cuba. He will send Carbonell a copy of the Cuban government's plans for Camp Lazear.
Hench is concerned that the Camp Lazear memorial will be named for Finlay rather than Lazear. He requests that Carbonell discreetly contact Nogueira about the matter.
Carbonell responds to Hench's letter expressing apprehension that the Cuban government will name the Camp Lazear monument after Finlay.
Hench thanks Carbonell for his understanding regarding the naming of the Camp Lazear memorial. He assures Carbonell that the Americans will be grateful no matter what is done.
Carbonell Ponce reassures Hench that the monument will be named the “Monument of Camp Lazear” and that the caseta will remain “Building No. 1.” He has suggested to Nogueira that Hench be acknowledged as the author of the idea of the monument as well as the finder of the caseta.
Carbonell Ponce's drawing shows the placement of Building No. 1, tree, flag, wall, and bronze pictures of participants at the Camp Lazear monument.
Hench is grateful for Carbonell's help, and requests that no recognition be accorded to Hench for his role in preserving Camp Lazear at this time. Hench does not wish to detract from those being memorialized.
Hench describes his research on Reed and his association with the preservation of Camp Lazear. He informs Mandel, a U.S. Customs official, that he will be transporting wood to the United States from Building No. 1, and inquires about the proper way to prepare and ship it.
Quinn informs Hench that the wood from Building No. 1 may have to be fumigated for termites before shipment to the United States. He provides details about duty rate and clearing customs.
Hench thanks Quinn, a U.S. Customs official, for information about shipping wood from Building No.1 to the United States.
Quinn instructs Hench on the best way to ship boards and lumber salvaged from the remains of Building No. 1 from Cuba to the United States.
The collection finding aid does not list all of the items that are housed in this file.
Hench discusses the rediscovery of Camp Lazear and his desire to erect a Cuban-American Memorial in honor of both Finlay and Reed on the site. He requests permission to personally pay for the construction of a suitable cover to protect Building No. 1.
Hench sends Nogueira the data on persons associated in various ways with the work of the U.S. Army Yellow Fever Board. He inquires whether a date has been set for the dedication of Camp Lazear. Hench suggests names of people who should be invited. Hench discusses the socio-political ramifications surrounding the naming of the site.
Hench informs Nogueira that the U.S. State Department and the Surgeon General's Office would like to receive an official invitation in order to send a representative to the dedication of Camp Lazear. There remain only two survivors from the experiments: Hanberry and Cooke.
Hench is anxious to hear about the plans for the dedication of Camp Lazear. He wants to have American representatives invited and sends the names of the officers of the Walter Reed Memorial Association.
Hench provides the correct spellings of Cooke and Hanberry. Cooke is in ill health and will not be able to travel to Cuba for the dedication of Camp Lazear.
Hench expresses concern about the planned repairs to Building No. 1. He is worried that little of the original building will remain if the repairs are too extensive. Hench had envisioned that the Americans and Cubans could raise enough money to enclose Building No. 1 in a larger structure in order to protect it from the elements. Hench urges Nogueira to save as much of the discarded lumber as possible because souvenirs could be made of the remnants.
Nogueira sends Hench photographs of Building No. 1. The dedication of Camp Lazear will be on December 3, 1952, and he is going to send out the invitations soon. Nogueira wants Hench to attend the Science Academy Session following the dedication, which will be dedicated solely to the work of the Yellow Fever Commission, and for which he will be the principal speaker. He promises to save some of the original wood from Building No. 1 for Hench.
Hench secures a copy of Sternberg's "Report on the Etiology and Prevention of Yellow Fever ", and will present it to Nogueira. He wants to know whether he will be invited to the dedication ceremony.
Nogueira sends Hench a list of names to be engraved on memorial plaques for the dedication of Camp Lazear. He explains why some were included and others excluded.
Hench is unable to attend but approves Nogueira's decisions.
Hench generally approves of the selection of names to be honored on a plaque at the dedication of Camp Lazear. He asks to have a phrase clarified from Nogueira's last letter concerning the qualifications necessary to receive the Finlay Award.
Hench informs Nogueira of Cooke's death. Hanberry is now the only surviving volunteer.
Hench inquires when the official invitations will be sent out for the dedication of Camp Lazear and suggests the names of additional individuals who should receive an invitation.
Hench suggests additional individuals to be invited to the dedication of Camp Lazear. He expresses concern about the restoration work on Building No. 1, fearing that it is replication instead of restoration. Hench requests further details about his involvement during the dedication ceremony and Science Academy Session.
Nogueira proposes the Finlay award for Cooke posthumously, and notes that other individuals are being considered for the honor as well. He lists the names of persons receiving an official invitation to attend the dedication of Camp Lazear and describes Hench's role during the ceremony. Hench is to forward a copy of his speech so that it can be translated into Spanish for the Cuban media.
Hench is pleased to hear that Cooke and Hanberry will receive the Order of Finlay and suggests that Truby and Reed's son might be considered for the honor as well. He promises to provide Nogueira with a Spanish translation of his speech.
Jessie Ames writes that she is planning to attend the dedication ceremony at Camp Lazear. She provides Nogueira with a list of names of her three children so that they can receive invitations for the event.
Hench informs Nogueira that Ames' widow would like to attend the dedication ceremony of Camp Lazear.
Nogueira informs Hench that all invitations have gone out for the dedication of Camp Lazear. The official program will be sent out at a later date. He explains Hench's role during the dedication event and his attendance at a meeting of the Cuban Academy of Science. He assures Hench that the renovation of Building No. 1 is going well.
Hench discusses travel preparations for his trip to the dedication of Camp Lazear. Hanberry is hesitant to attend because of financial difficulties. Hench includes a list of names of dignitaries who should receive invitations to the ceremony.
Hench acknowledges receipt of invitations. Hanberry claims that he is unable to travel to Cuba.
Nogueira discusses preparations for the dedication of Camp Lazear. He informs Hench that the President of Cuba will participate in the ceremony. Nogueira hints that family members of the Yellow Fever Board members will receive the Finlay Medal from the Cuban government.
Hench receives permission to lay a wreath beneath Finlay's medallion as a representative of the Mayo Foundation.
Hench discusses his travel plans to Cuba. He informs Nogueira that several representatives of U.S. medical schools want to place wreaths during the dedication ceremony of Camp Lazear.
Jefferson Medical College, from which Finlay graduated, will send a representative to the dedication of Camp Lazear. Hench discusses other preparations for the ceremony.
Hench thanks Nogueira for his hospitality during his stay in Cuba. Hench is trying to salvage parts of Building No. 1 and requests Nogueira's assistance.
Hench informs Phillips about his interest in the fight against yellow fever, his discovery of the original site of Camp Lazear, and the Cuban government's plan to make Camp Lazear into a memorial park to honor all of those connected with the conquest of yellow fever. Hench requests that she make discreet inquiries to learn whether Camp Lazear will retain its name or will be called “Parque Finlay”.
Hench writes that he is anxious to find the service of a Cuban photographer to document the dedication of Camp Lazear.
Phillips informs Hench that the park on the site of Camp Lazear will be called “Campamento Lazear.” Building No. 1 will be called “Caseta No. 1” only, with no reference to Reed. A photographer will be available to take pictures during the dedication ceremony at Camp Lazear. The President of Cuba will speak at the end of the ceremony.
The collection finding aid does not list all of the items that are housed in this file.
Hench arranges to meet with Rath and General Grant, of the National Trust for Historic Preservation, to discuss the preservation of Camp Lazear.
Rath invites Hench to lunch with himself and General Grant to discuss the preservation of Camp Lazear.
Hench informs Rath of renewed efforts by the Cubans to preserve Camp Lazear, but still believes American help will improve the situation. He requests advice on preserving another Cuban building, whose owners will not entrust its care to the Cuban government.
Hench will arrive late in Washington, and contact Rath when he arrives so that they can meet.
Rath informs Hench that a meeting with General Grant is possible on Monday, February 25.
Hench attempts to finalize plans for a meeting with Rath and General Grant.
Rath hopes that General Grant can join them for lunch on Monday, February 25.
Hench writes that he enjoyed meeting with Rath and General Grant.
Rath thanks Hench for providing him with a clear picture of the Camp Lazear situation. He sends Hench a copy of his letter to Maria Teresa Rojas.
Rath discusses his recent lunch with Hench, and provides Rojas with information about the National Trust for Historic Preservation. He has been unable to obtain information about preservation activities in Cuba, but will continue to search.
Hench has written to Rojas and Cabrera. He hopes that they invite Rath to visit, and offers to help if they do so.
Hench informs Rath that Rojas and Cabrera have invited Rath to visit their farm. Hench writes that the two women are especially concerned about their property due to the recent revolution in Cuba.
Rath has accepted the invitation of Rojas and Cabrera to visit in order to advise them on preservation of their Finca San Jose. He believes that the recent Cuban revolution makes it unlikely that the government would be hospitable to initiating legislation to form a Cuban National Trust.
Hench assures Rath that he should visit Rojas and Cabrera despite the unpromising political climate, because he believes the women need advice now.
Rath sends Hench a copy of his letter to Rojas and Cabrera. He looks forward to his visit with them.
Rath informs Rojas of his travel arrangements and sends a photograph so that she will recognize him.
Rath sends Hench a copy of his report to the National Trust on his visit to the Rojas San Jose farm, and will write-up the full story for Hench as soon as he has time.
Rath describes the Rojas family estate and the adjoining Camp Lazear in terms of their historic significance. He discusses preservation difficulties in Cuba, and outlines Rojas' suggestion that Building No. 1 be taken down and rebuilt on her San Jose property. Rojas would like both properties to be taken over by the American National Trust, and for the Trust to help in setting up a Cuban-American foundation to preserve the property.
Rath informs Hench that the National Trust for Historic Preservation does not deem it possible to take ownership of the Quinta San Jose, as Rojas would prefer, but will cooperate with preservation efforts. He thinks any preservation association must be chartered in Cuba, but might have strong American representation.
Rath lists his travel expenses for the trip to the Finca San Jose.
Hench is delighted that Rath visited the Finca San Jose and is sure his advice will be helpful to Rojas. He sends a check for Rath's expenses.
Rodriguez Leon had hoped to see the Hench's this winter for the award of the Finlay Medal to Hench.
The Hench's will be in Havana in January for a conference, and hope to see her while they are there.
Hench enjoyed his visit with Rodriguez Leon and her husband, and is amused that she congratulated him on the Finlay Medal before he knew he was to receive it. He will keep her informed on Camp Lazear preservation efforts.
Hench is disturbed that plans for the memorial park at Camp Lazear still use Finlay's name in connection with Building No. 1. He requests information regarding newspaper reports about Camp Lazear.
Hench requests information regarding newspaper reports about the Camp Lazear dedication.
Hench informs Rodriguez Leon that he has accepted an invitation to speak at the Camp Lazear dedication, in December. Although Hench is not entirely satisfied with the plans, he thinks it is a step in the right direction.
Hench hopes he will be able to see Rojas and Cabrera when he is in Havana. He sends her a copy of his letter to Nogueira, and hopes she might help Nogueira arrange appointments for Hench related to the Camp Lazear preservation.
The Hench's enjoyed their visit with Rojas and Cabrera. Hench is meeting with Rath and Grant of the National Trust next week, and will show them pictures of the San Jose property.
Hench expresses concern about the recent Cuban revolution. He describes his visit with Rath and Grant of the National Trust, and informs Rojas that he suggested to Rath that he visit the Finca San Jose in order to advise her and Cabrera on preservation efforts.
Hench sends Rojas copies of Cuban plans for the Camp Lazear memorial. He hopes she will agree to have Rath, of the National Trust for Historic Preservation, visit the San Jose property so that he may offer preservation advice.
Rojas informs Hench that nothing can be predicted in relation to the preservation of Camp Lazear because the political situation is unstable. She discusses visiting with Rath so that he might advise them on the preservation of the San Jose property which has historical links to Camp Lazear. Rojas believes the San Jose property may be of interest to both the United States and Cuba for this reason.
Rojas informs Hench that nothing can be predicted in relation to the preservation of Camp Lazear because the political situation is unstable. She discusses visiting with Rath so that he might advise them on the preservation of the San Jose property which has historical links to Camp Lazear. Rojas believes the San Jose property may be of interest to both the United States and Cuba for this reason.
Hench writes that he is glad Rojas will permit Rath to visit the Finca San Jose to offer advice on preservation.
Rath suggests a schedule for his visit to the Finca San Jose, and hopes to offer Rojas advice on preservation of the property.
Rojas believes the new Cuban administration will, in time, be beneficial for the preservation of Camp Lazear. Rojas also believes that Rath will offer worthwhile advice on the preservation of the Finca San Jose.
Rojas thanks Hench for arranging Rath's visit and is sure he will be able to advise her on preserving the Finca San Jose. Rath felt that the restoration of Building No. 1 would be very expensive. Saladrigas informed her that the Cuban government would not add to the $25,000 supplied by the previous administration. Rojas discusses the political situation involving Nogueira and the present government.
Rojas thanks Hench for arranging Rath's visit and is sure he will be able to advise them on preserving the Finca San Jose. Rath felt that the restoration of Building No. 1 would be very expensive, and Saladrigas informed her that the Cuban government would not add to the $25,000 supplied by the previous administration. Rojas discusses the political situation involving Nogueira and the present government.
Rojas sends Hench photographs of the Camp Lazear work. She has heard that the mayor of Marianao is involved with the project.
Rojas sends Hench photographs of the Camp Lazear work. She has heard that the mayor of Marianao is involved in the project.
Hench sends Rojas enclosures to review concerning the history of yellow fever.
Hench requests information about the naming of the Camp Lazear memorial. He plans to send her copies of Kelly's book on Reed, the Sternberg biography, and Senate Document 822. Hench advises her to get a copy of Carlos E. Finlay's book about his father.
Rojas describes her travels in Europe and refers to correspondence between Hench and Nogueira.
Rojas describes her travels in Europe and refers to correspondence between Hench and Nogueira.
Hench expresses his concerns about the naming of the Camp Lazear memorial and the renovation of Building No. 1. He notes that the date of the dedication has been changed. Hench asks Rojas to review the material he sent and offers her advice. He provides family news.
Hench expresses his concerns about the naming of the Camp Lazear memorial and the renovation of Building No. 1. He requests that Rojas speak with Nogueira about the project.
The collection finding aid does not list all of the items that are housed in this file.
Hench provides a detailed account of the restoration and the dedication of Camp Lazear, as well as the social events following the ceremony. In two addendums he describes the Reed-Finlay controversy, Cuban newspaper articles on the dedication, and the political maneuvering involved in establishing the memorial.
Blossom describes a fire at her house and offers her opinion on the Cuban response to her father.
The collection finding aid does not list all of the items that are housed in this file.
Hench thanks Saladrigas for his hospitality when Hench was in Cuba for the Camp Lazear dedication. He requests a copy of Saladrigas' speech given at the ceremony. He suggests more could be done at the memorial site, including a public health center.
Hench thanks Recio for his courtesies, including paying Hench's hotel bill, when Hench was in Cuba for the Camp Lazear dedication. He requests a copy of Recio's speech given at the ceremony. Hench suggests enclosing Building No. 1 and using part of the structure as a pubic health center.
Hench requests that Rojas and Cabrera give a copy of an article by Agramonte to Nogueira. He comments on a recent interview he gave.
Hench appreciates the flowers Schumann prepared and the kindness she showed him while he was in Cuba. He will send her several documents concerning Camp Lazear and the Nobel Festival.
Hench requests that Nogueira send him information regarding the Camp Lazear dedication. He wonders if Kean could receive the Finlay decoration posthumously. He also discusses a posthumous decoration for Carroll.
Hutchison appreciates the message from Batista as well as the Cuban cigar from Hench.
Streit needs documentation for the Camp Lazear flowers before funds can be allocated. Streit regrets his inability to attend the ceremony.
Recio' speech details the experiments of the Yellow Fever Commission at Camp Lazear and praises Finlay for first proposing the mosquito theory. He describes Hench's research and the actions taken by the Board of Patrons in creating the memorial.
Hench thanks Secretary of State Acheson for the help his department provided in regards to the Camp Lazear dedication.
Hench explains to Secretary of State Acheson the work of Finlay and the Yellow Fever Commission, the Finlay-Reed controversy, the rediscovery and eventual memorialization of Camp Lazear, and the significance of Ambassador Beaulac's actions in facilitating American participation at the dedication.
Hench writes that he was touched by the tribute that the Cuban government paid to the Yellow Fever Board members by the establishment of the Camp Lazear memorial. He hopes that it will constitute a symbol of Cuban-American cooperation.
Hench thanks Batista for the dinner party following the Camp Lazear dedication. He stresses that the establishment of the Camp Lazear monument has given pleasure to many Americans. He hopes that the site can become a living memorial by the addition of a public health center.
Hench writes about the Camp Lazear dedication. He hopes that the ceremony will help ease Cuban-American tensions surrounding the Reed-Finlay debate.
Hench describes the Camp Lazear dedication ceremony and informs Wylie who laid a wreath on his behalf. He requests reimbursement for the cost of the wreath.
Hench is sending Smith information about the Camp Lazear dedication that he can forward to one of the writers for the "Journal of the American Medical Association."
Hench is sending Streit a report on the Camp Lazear dedication, and would appreciate reimbursement for the flowers. He regrets that Streit was not able to attend.
Hench commends Berry on his choice of Caswell to represent the Harvard Medical School at the Camp Lazear dedication. He is sending Berry some material from the ceremony and will send pictures if desired. He would like to be reimbursed for the wreath honoring Leonard Wood.
Hench informs Tocantins that his presence as a representative of the Jefferson Medical College at the Camp Lazear dedication was appreciated. He is sending him a letter and photographs related to the ceremony.
Hench informs Lippard that Crain was the representative of the University of Virginia at the Camp Lazear dedication. He requests that he send the enclosed information about the ceremony to someone at the University of Virginia since Lippard has just become dean at the Yale Medical School. He requests reimbursement for the wreath.
Hench is sending McEwen a report on the Camp Lazear dedication. Hench placed the wreath from Bellevue Medical Center in honor of Reed and would appreciate reimbursement. He can send a photograph if desired.
Hench is sending Rappleye information about the Camp Lazear dedication. Hench informs him that de Castro laid three wreaths as Rappleye instructed. He would appreciate reimbursement for the wreaths and can send photographs if Rappleye wishes.
Hench thanks Phillips for her cooperation in regards to the articles about the Camp Lazear dedication in the "Havana Post."
Hench informs Siler that Elmore represented the Walter Reed Memorial Association at the Camp Lazear dedication.
Hench informs Rodriguez Exposito that he has been asked to give an illustrated speech about the dedication of Camp Lazear for the Mayo Clinic. He would like to obtain two photographs de Castro laying Lazear's wreath.
Hench requests Carrier's help in obtaining two photographs to use in an illustrated speech about the Camp Lazear dedication, at the Mayo Clinic.
Nogueira answers questions posed by Hench in regards to the Camp Lazear dedication. He will mail Hench the films from the event.
Beaulac is sending Hench the seating plan of the dinner, which followed the Camp Lazear dedication, along with an extra set of photographs of the Camp Lazear ceremony.
Siler enjoyed reading Hench's report on the Camp Lazear dedication. He is sorry that Streit, who has been in the hospital, could not attend the ceremony. The monthly payment to Blossom Reed has been increased to $100.
Armstrong thanks Hench for his report on the Camp Lazear dedication. He appreciated Beaulac designating Mason and Lampner to place the wreaths in his name.
Tate believes that Warner has tried to take credit that belongs to others in the yellow fever experiments. He regrets that Pinto and Stark were not mentioned at the Camp Lazear dedication.
Warner's article describes her role in the yellow fever experiments and how to best care for yellow fever patients. An autograph note follows the text and calls the piece a "pure fabrication as to her part."
The collection finding aid does not list all of the items that are housed in this file.
Hench is sending Cassidy a description of the Camp Lazear dedication and a copy of the speech he gave.
Hench is sending Beaulac his memorandum on the dedication of Camp Lazear. He hopes the American Embassy will be called on to participate in other ceremonies at Camp Lazear.
Tocantins thanks Hench for the items he sent regarding the Camp Lazear ceremony. He encloses an English version of his remarks at the ceremony and mentions a thesis about Finlay by a graduate student at Villanova.
Tocantins notes Finlay's connection with Jefferson Medical College.
Beaulac writes that the Embassy and the U.S. government should be grateful to Hench for all that he has done.
Lippard informs Hench that he is sending the information about the Camp Lazear dedication to Hunter, his successor at the University of Virginia. He is suggesting that the material be used for the next Medical Alumni News Letter and then placed in the library.
Cassidy would like details on how Hench became interested in Camp Lazear.
Nogueira reports that he will continue searching for wood from Building No. 1, but thinks the pieces are lost.
Hunter thanks Hench for the part he played in the Camp Lazear dedication.
Hench writes that Carbonell has been interested in the yellow fever story and helpful in a meeting with the vice-president of Cuba. Hench would like Nogueira to send a piece of Building No. 1 to Carbonell.
Hench gives Carbonell advice to pass on to his wife's son about a medical fellowship in the U.S. Hench suggests Carbonell contact Nogueira and request a piece of wood from Building No. 1.
Berry requests Hench's opinion in regards to posthumously recognizing Maass and Ames.
Berry answers Gridley's questions concerning the annual meetings and membership in the Walter Reed Society.
Hench writes that the Cubans asked him to help them determine the relative contributions of the Americans involved in the yellow fever work. He agrees with Tate that Warner has misrepresented her role in the experiments.
Soper has proposed to the Delta Omega Public Health Fraternity that a volume including articles by Finlay, Reed, and Gorgas be published. He believes that such a work would help alleviate nationalistic tensions.
Hench agrees with Soper that it would be beneficial to re-publish some of the most important yellow fever articles by Finlay, Reed, et al. He inquires about English translations of Finlay's articles.
Hench informs Berry that Maass was an experimental case of yellow fever, but that Ames did not have experimental yellow fever. Furthermore, it is not certain that he had yellow fever at all. Hench suggests that if Ames meets the criteria for a Walter Reed Society award, he would also favor honoring Hanberry, Kissinger, Moran, and Jernegan.
Hench is interested in the proper preservation of the Finca San Jose.
Hench discusses the discovery and dedication of Camp Lazear.
Tocantins is sending Hench reprints of a paper concerning Finlay and their visit to Cuba. He is appreciative of Hench's help.
Reed informs Hench that she has seven books of her father's which she wishes to sell. She inquires about book dealers who might be interested.
Hench informs Blossom Reed that he will be happy to help her with the sale of her father's books. He discusses what makes books and autographs valuable.
Blossom Reed is sending eight books that belonged to her father to Hench. She offers them to Hench for a very modest sum as she would rather he have them than anyone else.
The collection finding aid does not list all of the items that are housed in this file.
Nogueira hopes that the Cuban government will agree to have medals made in honor of the people celebrated at the Camp Lazear dedication.
Cassidy asks Hench critique the attached article on the Camp Lazear dedication.
Cassidy's article briefly tells the story of the yellow fever experiments, the discovery by Hench of the correct location of Camp Lazear, and the eventual dedication of the site.
The collection finding aid does not list all of the items that are housed in this file.
Hench discusses the awarding of Finlay Medals to various yellow fever experiment participants.
Hench's secretary informs Blossom Reed that her father's books have safely arrived.
Hench informs Blossom Reed of his efforts to determine the value of her father's books.
Hench informs Benjamin that Blossom Reed is trying sell some books autographed by her father, Walter Reed.
Hench requests as good a price as possible for the books that Blossom Reed is trying to sell. He discusses Blossom Reed's financial problems.
Keys does not think that most of Reed's books offered for sale are valuable, except for one written by Holmes. He offers to contact book dealers for pricing information. However, Keys feels that Reed's autograph should increase the value of a book.
This document lists books, formerly owned by Walter Reed, which Blossom Reed is attempting to sell.
Benjamin is withdrawing her offer of $10 for each of the signed Walter Reed books. She has consulted two book-dealers who also refused to make an offer. She suggests he buy them himself.
Hench's secretary informs Blossom Reed that Hench has made more attempts to get a good price for her father's books but has been unsuccessful. He will buy them himself for $10 per volume if he is unable to find a better offer.
Cabrera informs Hench that she has asked the Minister of State to award him the decoration of Carlos Manuel de Cespedes.
Rojas writes that she would like Hench to receive the Grand Cross of Finlay. She comments on the recent political unrest in Cuba.
The collection finding aid does not list all of the items that are housed in this file.
Hench appreciates Cabrera and Rojas nominating him for the Grand Cross of Finlay and the decoration of Carlos Manuel de Cespedes
The collection finding aid does not list all of the items that are housed in this file.
Guell informs Hench that he has been elevated to the rank of Gran Oficial within the Orden Nacional de Merito Carlos Manuel de Cespedes.
Spies is pleased that the Cubans are giving Hench the Order of Carlos Manuel de Cespedes award.
Hench informs Harvey that he and his family have been watching the television program "You Are There," which presented a show on the conquest of yellow fever. He would like to borrow the film to show to others if possible.
This document records a decision to republish the reports of Reed, Finlay, and others relating to the transmission of yellow fever via mosquitos. The minutes also list payments made to Blossom Reed and to various florists for Ireland's funeral flowers and for a wreath presented at the Camp Lazear dedication.
The collection finding aid does not list all of the items that are housed in this file.
Cabrera congratulates him on his nomination for the decoration of Carlos Manuel de Cespedes. She has read his description of the rescue at sea of the Greenville.
DeCoursey has heard that Hench is writing a book on Reed and that he owns Building No. 1, in Cuba. He informs Hench that Reed was Curator of the Medical Museum from 1893 to 1902.
DeCoursey has heard that Hench is writing a book on Reed and that he owns Building No. 1, in Cuba. He informs Hench that Reed was Curator of the Medical Museum from 1893 to 1902.
Harvey informs Hench that she has no control over the release of the "You Are There" film dealing with yellow fever. However, she recommends whom he should contact.
Harvey requests that Croasdale give special consideration to Hench's request for the film of the "You Are There" television program, which documented the conquest of yellow fever.
Hench thanks Rojas and Cabrera for helping him to receive another honor in Cuba.
Hench informs Spies that he has heard that he, Hench, has been nominated for the decoration of Carlos Manuel de Cespedes.
Spies inquires if Hench has received his Finlay Medal yet. He writes that he is Hench's Cuban representative and hopes that Hench is his representative at the Mayo Foundation.
Hench informs DeCoursey he is writing a book on Reed and yellow fever. He inquires if it would be too late to write up the dedication ceremony for a medical journal.
Hench had hoped to write a formal report on the dedication of Camp Lazear, but asks Siler to accept his earlier informal description of the ceremony until he can write a report and illustrate it with photos.
DeCoursey informs Hench that the "The Military Surgeon" is interested in doing an article on the Camp Lazear dedication. He congratulates Hench on his efforts to collect Reed memorabilia and hopes that Hench keeps the Medical Museum in mind if he ever disposes of any of the material.
Hench informs Spies that he was presented the Finlay Medal in a small ceremony. He comments on the possibility of receiving the Cespedes Medal. It pleases him because he believes one is for his work in cortisone and the other because of his interest in yellow fever.
Spies informs Hench that he was recommended for the Carlos Manuel de Cespedes medal. He is sure that Hench will receive it as it has already been voted upon.
Siler appreciates Hench's report on the Camp Lazear dedication and notes that the report will be of great value to the Walter Reed Memorial Association.
Rojas informs Hench that he can receive the medal anytime he comes to Havana.
Hench inquires about his Finlay medal and an upcoming nutrition conference.
Roldan requests Hench's book on yellow fever - if there is one. He would also like some biographical information on Hench.
Hench inquires about the possibility of receiving a World War II medal which he believes everyone in the army received.
Hench explains why he has not yet written his book on yellow fever. The delay is the result of the discovery of the Lazear notebook and his desire to learn more about Finlay.
Hench is sending Roldan his two articles on the conquest of yellow fever as well as a reprint on cortisone. He informs Roldan he received the Finlay Medal.
Armstrong writes in regard to the Armed Forces Medical Library making a microfilm copy of Finlay's books which are at the Havana Academy of Sciences Library in Cuba. He encloses his letter to Jose A. Presno regarding the microfilms, and Hench's involvement.
Armstrong is aware of the existence of diaries by Finlay in the Academy of Sciences Library in Havana. He asks if a microfilm copy could be made for placement in the Armed Forces Medical Library in Washington. He writes Presno that he has asked Hench to act as his representative.
The President of Cuba has awarded Hench the “Orden Nacional de Merito Carlos J. Finlay.”
The collection finding aid does not list all of the items that are housed in this file.
Nogueira describes a ceremony held in Marianao, Cuba, on the anniversary of Finlay's birthday. Medals were awarded to those involved with the yellow fever experiments and to their families.
Hench wants the Cubans to present the Finlay Medals to the American recipients.
Hench tries to arrange a meeting with Presno to discuss microfilming Finlay's daybooks.
Hench writes Nogueira about his upcoming visit to Cuba, thanks him for the decoration he recently received, and enlists his aid in persuading Presno to consent to the microfilming of Finlay's daybooks.
Hench discusses his promotion regarding the Finlay Medal and how much the Finlay Medals will mean to the Reed, Lazear, Truby, and Carroll families.
Truby discusses his health, a disagreement with Standlee over her book, and his ability to recollect Reed and members of his Board.
Roldan is working on a biography of Finlay that will demonstrate Finlay's major role in the discovery of the cause of yellow fever.
Hench writes Nogueira to make sure that Truby receives his Finlay Medal and to inquire about microfilming Finlay's diaries during his upcoming visit to Cuba.
Hench writes Truby that he believes Nogueira is making arrangements to get the Finlay Medal to Truby.
Hench writes Truby that they share a tendency to be perfectionists who are very sensitive to criticism, but assures Truby that he remains well respected in Washington, D. C.
The collection finding aid does not list all of the items that are housed in this file.
Siler offers to defray the cost of sending the Finlay Medals to their recipients by enclosing a check for that purpose.
Siler thanks Hench for providing a check to enable delivery of the Finlay Medals, but informs him that the Walter Reed Memorial Association wishes to fund this objective.
Nogueira thanks Siler for a check covering the expenses of the Finlay Medals.
Tate states he was merely a clerk of the main hospital, but that his reporter instincts kept him looking for the story in the yellow fever experiments. He also expresses his hope that Hench will give appropriate recognition to Lazear, Ames, Lambert and Finlay.
Includes the article, "Brigadier General Albert E. Truby, Former LAH Commander, Dies Here "
Hench thanks Nogueira for thinking of Cooke's widow, inquires about the decision regarding microfilming Finlay's day books, and discusses bringing the recipients of the Finlay Medals to Washington, D.C. to receive their medals from Nogueira personally.
Truby informs Hench that Albert E. Truby has been hospitalized with a heart attack.
Hench plans on sending a questionnaire to Tate and will ask him to try to identify buildings in photographs taken at Camp Lazear, Camp Columbia, and Pinar del Rio.
Truby informs Hench that Albert E. Truby has passed away.
The Henches express their sympathy to Bonnie Truby regarding the death of her husband and describe what his friendship has meant to them.
The collection finding aid does not list all of the items that are housed in this file.
Reed enthusiastically describes the ceremony to award the Finlay Medals and expresses regret that Hench could not attend.
Siler informs Hench that Cornelia Knox Kean has died and will be buried in Arlington National Cemetery.
Concheso invites Hench to the Cuban Embassy on April 29, 1954 to receive his Finlay Decoration.
Concheso invites Hench to the Cuban Embassy on April 29, 1954 to receive his Finlay Decoration.
Truby thanks Concheso for the Finlay Medal awarded to her late husband, and adds that her daughter will accept the medal for her father.
Bonnie thanks Hench for all the work he did to get her husband, Albert E. Truby, awarded the Finlay Medal. She encloses a telegram and her response to the Cuban Ambassador.
Hench informs the Cuban Ambassador that he is recovering from viral pneumonia and cannot attend the presentation of the Finlay Medals in Washington, D.C.
Two articles: "Cuba Honors Yellow Fever Test Heroes "from The Washington Post and "Blossom Reed is Decorated by Cuban Government "from an unknown paper.
The collection finding aid does not list all of the items that are housed in this file.
The collection finding aid does not list all of the items that are housed in this file.
Reed discusses the presentation of the Finlay Medals at the Cuban Embassy in Washington, D.C.
Reed describes the presentation of the Finlay Medals at the Cuban Embassy in Washington, D.C. and explains that because he is in the Army, he cannot obtain his medal until he receives Congressional approval.
The collection finding aid does not list all of the items that are housed in this file.
Rodriguez condemns a proposed presentation that claims Beauperthuy, not Finlay, first suggested the mosquito transmitted yellow fever.
The collection finding aid does not list all of the items that are housed in this file.
Tate responds to a series of questions from Hench concerning his recollections about Camp Columbia and the yellow fever experiments.
Hench supplies over one hundred detailed questions to Tate.
Tate gives detailed answers to the questions asked by Hench, including information about the main characters involved in the yellow fever experiments, details on the army nurses, and rumors around the camp.
Tate is surprised at the length of the questionnaire from Hench but will answer the questions to the best of his ability.
Hench sends Lawrence Reed a list of questions regarding the specific characteristics of his father.
Hench tries to locate the cemetery where Lazear and other American soldiers were temporarily buried in Cuba.
Hench tries to locate the cemetery where Lazear and other American soldiers were temporarily buried in Cuba.
Woodward writes about a French delegation preparing a resolution to propose that a French doctor originally theorized that mosquitoes transmitted yellow fever. In the interest of Cuban and American relations, Woodward wants Hench to provide details on Finlay's contributions.
Hench states that Finlay and Reed were the two men who made the greatest contribution to mankind in the conquest of yellow fever. Other men only published interesting ideas.
Woodward informs Hench that the Cubans successfully passed a resolution giving Finlay the sole credit for discovering the transmitting agent of yellow fever. He also states it is unfortunate that no credit was given to those who were able to prove Finlay's theory. He encloses a letter from Harold M. Randall.
Randall clarifies that it was the Venezuelans, not the French, who tried to get Beauperthuy credit for discovering that the mosquito transmitted yellow fever. The XIV International Congress of the History of Medicine passed a resolution in favor of Finlay.
The collection finding aid does not list all of the items that are housed in this file.
The collection finding aid does not list all of the items that are housed in this file.
Nogeuria finds plans that mark the location of the American cemetery. He also is starting to form a Lazear Camp Friend's Association.
The collection finding aid does not list all of the items that are housed in this file.
Rodriquez Exposito fights for the truth in the Finlay - Beauperthuy controversy.
[Tate] describes Ames involvement in the yellow fever experiments. Ames applied the mosquitoes, diagnosed the yellow fever patients, and provided exceptional medical care. Ames, fluent in Spanish, was able to persuade the Spanish volunteers to stay and undergo treatment.
[Tate] explains that Andrus was exceedingly ill and Lambert, in an act of bravery, broke quarantine to fetch Ames.
[Tate] thinks it is a shame that worthy men such as Finlay, Ames, and Lambert were not included in the Yellow Fever Roll of Honor.
[Tate] gives a brief account of Lambert's achievements as a sailor and nurse.
Tate finds fault with Howard's play about yellow fever.
In this outline, Hench lists and describes sites associated with the conquerors of yellow fever located in and near Havana. One list arranges the sites in chronological sequence, the other in geographical sequence.
The collection finding aid does not list all of the items that are housed in this file.
[Hench] discusses his experiences in visiting sites where outstanding medical developments took place or where famous individuals lived or are buried. He includes an account of the yellow fever experiments. The speech was given at the New Fellows Banquet at the Mayo Foundation House.
The collection finding aid does not list all of the items that are housed in this file.
Hench gives a history of yellow fever and the investigation done by Finlay.
The collection finding aid does not list all of the items that are housed in this file.
Hench gives an account of the Lazear family since the death of Jesse W. Lazear. Hench discusses a rift in the Lazear family.
The collection finding aid does not list all of the items that are housed in this file.
This report details yellow fever outbreaks throughout the world up until 1954. A distinction is made between “Human Yellow Fever” and “Jungle Yellow Fever.”
The collection finding aid does not list all of the items that are housed in this file.
Tate testifies to the work done by Lambert as a nurse during the yellow fever experiments, and feels that Lambert should be recognized for his service. He also encloses a letter from Barratt O'Hara.
O'Hara asks Tate for a notarized statement that proves that Lambert participated in the yellow fever experiment with Reed.
Hench requests from the Academy of Sciences the microfilm of Finlay's daybooks written during the yellow fever investigation. He indicates that he would not be able to complete his book without knowing the contents of these daybooks.
Nogueira outlines the history of yellow fever and the many resultant casualties. He then describes the work of Finlay and the Yellow Fever Commission. He is critical of Sternberg's initial dismissal of the mosquito as the source of yellow fever.
The collection finding aid does not list all of the items that are housed in this file.
Hench is concerned about the status of Camp Lazear, and wants anything done that would expedite its becoming a museum.
The collection finding aid does not list all of the items that are housed in this file.
Lambert finds fault with the movie Yellow Jack, and criticizes Carroll and Agramonte while praising Ames.
The collection finding aid does not list all of the items that are housed in this file.
Tate updates Hench on Lambert's bill in Congress.
Tate's evidence was instrumental in getting Lambert's bill passed through the House.
The author does not believe that Ames was ever officially transferred to the Board. However, he does think that no one could have done the work of caring for the yellow fever patients as well as Ames.
Hench concludes that Lambert's fight for Ames was really a fight for himself. Hench states that the original yellow fever bill should not be changed.
Hench wants to help Lambert in securing recognition for Lambert and Ames in their yellow fever work.
The collection finding aid does not list all of the items that are housed in this file.
Lambert believes he deserves recognition for the medical care he gave to the yellow fever patients.
Lambert needs help securing recognition for Ames' service regarding his medical care of the yellow fever volunteers.
Tate defends Lambert's claim to recognition and acknowledges that Lambert believes Ames to be a great man.
The collection finding aid does not list all of the items that are housed in this file.
Hench wants to testify before the Committee on Armed Services regarding Lambert's inclusion on the Roll of Honor. He asserts Lambert deserves honor, but it should be distinct from the Roll of Honor.
Russell appreciates Hench's letter regarding Lambert's inclusion in the Roll of Honor. He is unable to predict when the bill will be up for consideration.
The collection finding aid does not list all of the items that are housed in this file.
McNinch wants Hench to prepare a list of people whom Hench would like included in his proposal to the Senate.
This map shows the location of Jesse Lazear's grave site.
Tate feels awkward about the action being taken to prevent Lambert's bill from being approved.
Hench informs Ames that he is trying to get her husband recognition for his medical care of the yellow fever volunteers.
Lambert wants help to get a bill introduced to honor Ames. Lambert is willing to renounce his claim for recognition if he fails to prove to the Senate committee the importance of Ames.
Ames mentions Lambert's devotion to her husband and would like to see Proposition 1 and Proposition 4 passed.
The collection finding aid does not list all of the items that are housed in this file.
Hench submits propositions to the Senate Committee on Armed Services regarding how to recognize the contributions of Lazear, Lambert, and Ames.
The collection finding aid does not list all of the items that are housed in this file.
Hench is disappointed the Lambert bill passed before he could meet with the committee. He is sure the next Congress will pass a resolution regarding Ames' contribution. He states that Lambert has made indiscretions and distortions in presenting the yellow fever story.
The collection finding aid does not list all of the items that are housed in this file.
Hench inquires if the army has any information about Hanberry's desertion from the army.
The bill contained a provision to honor Gustaf Lambert's role in the yellow fever experiments.
Cunningham comments on Reed's essay about her father and provides a few of her own memories about Walter Reed. She includes a transcription of a letter written to her by Emilie Lawrence Reed.
Reed pays tribute to her father, Walter Reed, in this essay. She describes her home in the Blue Ridge Mountains, their gardens, and her father's devotion to his family and to medicine.
In this manuscript, Emilie L. Reed recounts her memories of a Chiricahua girl named To-Echa-Da who had been adopted by Emilie L. and Walter Reed in the 1870s. Presented to Philip Showalter Hench by Blossom Reed in 1960.
The issue contains the articles, "Tribute Paid to Walter Reed "and "Deathbed Aide Recalls 'Yellow Jack' Drama "
Letter concerns Lawrence Reed's health and the showing of the television episode, "The Conquest of Yellow Fever "from the series, You Are There .
This brief sketch gives details into Walter Reed's early military career out west.
Reed reminisces about her father and includes letters written by her father to her mother. [Hench] notes inconsistencies with her transcriptions and the originals in the margins.
Hench gives suggestions of publishers for Reed's manuscript. He also lists errors in her manuscript.
This manuscript discusses Walter Reed's yellow fever experiments in Cuba and provides letters written by Reed.
The paper cutter was presented to Emilie L. Reed and was made with wood taken from the door sill of the building in which Walter Reed was born in Belroi, Virginia.
In this outline, Hench lists and describes sites associated with the conquerors of yellow fever located in and near Havana. One list arranges the sites in chronological sequence, the other in geographical sequence.
The memorandum relates to the widows and children of James Carroll and Jesse W. Lazear. [Courtesy of the United States National Archives]
Includes a comic book narrative of the yellow fever experiments called, "Yellow Jack: How the Cause of Yellow Fever was Discovered ", from the 1941 #1 issue of True Comics .
Correspondence relates to the location of William C. Gorgas's death.
Inscribed to Philip Showalter Hench by Blossom Reed, March 14, 1960.
The file contains three copies of this filmstrip produced for the Health Heroes Series , by the Metropolitan Life Insurance Company.
The corkscrew is engraved with the name "Walter Reed". The Christmas card is from Blossom Reed and relates to the corkscrew.
May only be viewed on exhibit or in the presence of collections librarian or staff.
May only be viewed on exhibit or in the presence of collections librarian or staff.
Stamps of names of individuals and or families associated with yellow fever experiments [presumably used by Philip Showalter Hench to stamp documents and correspondence].
This gold medal was awarded posthumously to Walter Reed by an act of the United States Congress in recognition of his work with yellow fever. Each of the surviving members (as of 1929) of the U.S. Army Yellow Fever Board and the experiment volunteers received one such medal.
May only be viewed on exhibit or in the presence of collections librarian or staff.
The scrapbook contains notes concerning Blossom's memories of her father and childhood and clippings detailing various housekeeping tips.
The scrapbook is entitled, "Walter Reed, U.S.A. Perfume of Heroic Deeds."
Series V. Maps primarily consists of maps and floor plans that Philip Showalter Hench created or collected while researching the yellow fever experiments. Items in this series date from around 1846 to around 1960 with the bulk of the items dating from 1899 to 1951. The maps and floor plans often include annotations and illustrate a wide range of locations including, but not limited to the following:
A note by Philip Showalter Hench is attached to the map.
Map of Rojas farm with notes by Philip Showalter Hench.
This map shows the area around Camp Columbia, Cuba.
This is a highly detailed map of Havana, Cuba.
Series VI. Alphabetical files primarily consists of materials that Philip Showalter Hench created or collected while researching the yellow fever experiments. Items in this series date from around 1860 to around 1966 with the bulk of the items dating from 1940 to 1956. All of these items have been arranged thematically into biographical files. Each file contains materials created by or relating to people who were either involved with the yellow fever experiments or aided Philip Showalter Hench in his research of the subject. These people include, but are not limited to: John J. Moran, Carlos E. Finlay, Laura Wood Roper, Mabel Lazear, Clara Maas, John R. Kissinger, Roger Post Ames, James C. Carroll, and Carlos J. Finlay. The files are arranged alphabetically by the last names of the individuals listed on the files and it is unclear whether the overall arrangement was made by Hench or by staff members at the University of Virginia. The biographical files contain a wide range of different materials that pertain to the individuals listed on the files. These materials include, but are not limited to the following:
In addition to the materials that Hench created or collected during his lifetime, the biographical files in Series VI. also contain items that were added by staff at the University of Virginia Library during the late 1960s and early 1970s.
The collection finding aid does not list all of the items that are housed in this file.
This document outlines Agramonte's career; from April 18, 1898 to June 15, 1903.
This document provides a brief overview of Agramonte in terms of his family, public offices in the U.S., professional memberships, and original articles published.
This document, primarily in Spanish, provides an overview of Agramonte in terms of his family, work history, professional conferences attended, professional memberships, and original articles published, from 1894-1926.
The correspondence concerns Agramonte's belief that he had been injured by Hemmeter's book on James Carroll.
The collection finding aid does not list all of the items that are housed in this file.
Hench mentions the lack of cooperation by Cuban doctors in memorializing Camp Lazear. He notes that he has been able to obtain research materials from the Reed and Lazear families, but little from the Carroll family, and he is pleased that Rodriguez Leon has assembled her father's papers.
Hench writes that he is looking forward to examining Agramonte's papers. Hench wants the original records in order to reveal the true story behind the yellow fever experiments.
Hench writes about returning Agramonte's papers to her and informing Kean, Truby and Lawrence Reed about important points which the papers clarify. He informs her about his success in lobbying the Cuban government for funds to preserve Building No. 1.
Rodriguez Leon congratulates Hench on his campaign to preserve Building No. 1. She mentions that Finlay supporters were disturbed by Truman's speech.
Rodriguez Leon would like her father's papers returned to her because she has promised them for a permanent exhibit. She believes that the data shows her father, Agramonte, was in Havana at the time of Lazear's death. Also, Rodriguez Leon lists papers that belonged to her father, Aristides Agramonte, that are on loan to Hench.
Hench discusses conflicting evidence concerning Agramonte's presence in Cuba at the time of Lazear's death, and offers his own opinion.
Rodriguez Leon has learned from her husband that he was able to retrieve her father's documents from the post office.
The collection finding aid does not list all of the items that are housed in this file.
Hench requests to borrow Roger Ames' papers and photographs for the purposes of his research.
Mrs. Ames will send Hench the data concerning her husband. She includes a list of pamphlets in her possession regarding yellow fever.
Mrs. Ames lists pamphlets in her possession regarding yellow fever.
Jessie Ames will send Hench some of her husband's papers. She thinks the success of the yellow fever experiments depended on her husband and that he was not immune while he was nursing the volunteers. She was hurt by Kean and Ireland's lack of support for her husband being honored.
This list describes the documents sent by Jessie Ames to Hench concerning her husband, Roger Post Ames. Included in the list are titles and brief descriptions of special orders, letters, photographs, reports, and reprints.
Hench appreciates the list of documents Jessie Ames sent to him. He poses specific questions about her husband's role in the yellow fever experiments and inquires about old fever charts and carbon copies of various letters.
Ames answers Hench's questions concerning her husband's role at Camp Lazear.
Hench informs Ames that he has been called-up for active duty. He poses numerous questions about the material she has sent to him. He expresses his desire to paint an accurate portrayal of Ames' contribution to the yellow fever experiments.
Jessie Ames informs Hench that she plans to send more documents to Hench.
Jessie Ames answers Hench's questions concerning her husband's role in the yellow fever experiments. She suggests that Hench contact her sister-in-law for further information on Ames. She states that it is difficult for her to examine the past, but feels that she should as a duty to her children.
Hench appreciates Jessie Ames' answers to his numerous questions about Roger Ames. He requests that she donate some of the original fever charts for an planned exhibition at a Cuban museum.
Hench describes his research on the conquest of yellow fever. He is anxious to learn as much as possible about Ames' contribution.
Morris writes about her brother, Roger Post Ames, and his involvement with the yellow fever experiments. She describes his association with Lazear and his work in Cuba.
Jessie Ames writes that Hench may keep the fever charts as soon as she gets them back and can send them to him. She thinks the War Department does not have a complete dossier on her husband, and attributes this to carelessness.
Hench thanks Ames for her willingness to contribute the yellow fever charts. He assures her that he has arranged his yellow fever files so that if anything happens to him, the collection would be preserved for posterity.
Hench describes the difficulties he has encountered in memorializing Camp Lazear. He discusses where he believes his collection should eventually be stored, citing the Mayo Foundation, the University of Virginia's Alderman Library, and the National Archives. He does not want the items to be in Cuba.
Ames comments on the recent deaths of Emilie Lawrence Reed and Kean. She thinks it would be better to exhibit the yellow fever materials at the Mayo Clinic rather than in Charlottesville.
Hench informs Ames that Camp Lazear will be dedicated in December 1952.
This report supports Ames' inclusion in the Act, approved February 28, 1929, to recognize the public service rendered and disabilities incurred as voluntary subjects for inoculation during the yellow fever investigations in Cuba.
This biography focuses on the reasons why Ames should be included with the Yellow Fever Board and the volunteer soldiers in the Roll of Honor.
Bridges provides the military record of Roger Post Ames.
The collection finding aid does not list all of the items that are housed in this file.
Andrus appreciates Hench's input concerning the manuscript Andrus wrote about his own experience as a volunteer in the yellow fever experiments. He discusses the manuscript, entitled “The Tale of a Guinea Pig.” and encloses a copy.
Andrus describes his role as a volunteer in the yellow fever experiments.
Andrus writes that some of the enlisted men thought it highly unlikely that Lazear would have allowed a stray mosquito to bite him. It was known that Carroll was inoculated by mosquito-bite, but not clear if that was the cause of Carroll's disease as he also had been in the epidemic zone. He looks forward to Hench's comments on his manuscript.
Andrus informs Hench that his manuscript, which detailed his role in the yellow fever experiments, was rejected by Hearst publications.
Andrus suggests corrections to Truby's manuscript.
Andrus appreciates Hench's comments and offer to review another draft of his manuscript, which he encloses. Andrus would like to see the manuscript published before his death.
In a second draft of his manuscript, Andrus describes the yellow fever experiments and discusses his participation as a volunteer.
Andrus informs Truby that he is altering some details in his manuscript so that it better accords with Truby's account. Andrus identifies people in photographs, makes references to World War II, and writes about Ames and Agramonte.
Hench thinks that the original records and fever charts still exist, but does not know where they are. He encourages Andrus to rewrite his story to emphasize his own role in the experiments.
Andrus speculates on the location of the original yellow fever charts. He recalls that Reed was quite sick before arriving at Columbia Barracks, in November 1900.
Andrus speculates on the location of the original yellow fever charts. He recalls that Reed was quite sick before arriving at Columbia Barracks, in November 1900.
These notes compare Truby's designation of locations on the Columbia Barracks Post Hospital map with comments by Andrus.
The collection finding aid does not list all of the items that are housed in this file.
Hench requests permission to examine the material concerning her late father-in-law, James Carroll. He hopes to meet with her during his next trip to Washington, D.C.
Mrs. Carroll informs Hench that she is unable to go through the records of James Carroll. She will be unavailable to meet with Hench the next time he is in Washington, D.C.
Mrs. Carroll informs Hench that unless he has the written consent from the daughters of the late James Carroll, he will not be permitted to examine any papers.
Hench thanks Mrs. Carroll for allowing him to examine James Carroll's papers. He requests permission to make copies of additional material.
Hench informs Mrs. Carroll that she is to receive the Finlay medal from the Cuban Embassy in Washington, D.C.
Mrs. Carroll describes the presentation of the Finlay medal at the Cuban Embassy. She discusses the behavior of her sisters-in-law before the ceremony. She does not want her sisters-in-law to know that Hench has examined James Carroll's papers.
Hench wants to meet Mrs. Carroll and show her photographs of the dedication of Camp Lazear. He also would like to make copies of some of James Carroll's manuscripts.
Mrs. Carroll is unable to meet with Hench, she is ill and lives with relatives in Maryland. All of James Carroll's papers are stored for safe-keeping. She is anxious to come to an agreement about the papers with her sisters-in-laws because she claims to be fed up with the whole business.
Hench explains to MacDonald why he would like to gain access to James Carroll's papers.
Hench requests permission to meet with Mrs. Carroll and to have some manuscripts of her late father-in-law copied. Hench explains that he wants to give James Carroll due credit in his planned book.
Mrs. Carroll claims that Hench never returned the papers she loaned to him two years ago. She has lost all interest in the Carroll affair and does not wish to have further contact with Hench regarding the matter. She comments on the credit given to Reed.
Hench requests a meeting with Mrs. Carroll. He would like access to parts of the James Carroll collection, held by her husband.
Hench describes his continuous attempts to contact her husband, George Carroll, and his lack of success.
The collection finding aid does not list all of the items that are housed in this file.
Hench asks Cooke to identify people in a photograph taken at Camp Lazear. He includes a letter from Truby to Hench in which Truby identifies the people.
Truby identifies the men in a photograph taken at Camp Lazear.
Cooke attempts to identify people in the group photograph that Hench believes was taken at Camp Lazear.
Hench requests Cooke's help in identifying photographs taken at Pinar del Rio. Hench is interested because Haskins, a prisoner at Pinar del Rio, died of yellow fever, but his cell-mates escaped the disease. This impressed Reed with the possibilities of the mosquito theory.
Cooke regrets that he is unable to help Hench identify the persons and buildings in the 1908 photographs from Pinar del Rio.
The collection finding aid does not list all of the items that are housed in this file.
This obituary, which appeared in the "Journal of the American Medical Association," discusses the career of England - an original yellow fever experiment volunteer.
The collection finding aid does not list all of the items that are housed in this file.
The collection finding aid does not list all of the items that are housed in this file.
Hench is trying to locate correspondence between L.O. Howard and the yellow fever investigators at various U.S. government agencies. He inquires if Lucy Howard has any of her father's papers at the family home.
Howard informs Hench that she cannot find any correspondence between her father and Lazear.
Howard informs Hench that she has found important letters written by Reed and Kelly and will send him copies.
Hench informs Howard that he has a large file of letters between her father and Reed and Carroll but is still searching for more, especially between Howard and Lazear.
The collection finding aid does not list all of the items that are housed in this file.
Kellogg feels it is essential that Hench see the preliminary sketches before Cornwell begins the work on canvas.
Kellogg thanks Hench for providing so much information for Cornwell's painting. He will discuss changes in the painting with Cornwell.
[Kellogg] discusses his meeting with Hench, as well as proposed changes to the Cornwell painting based on Hench's suggestions. He includes a list of questions for Truby concerning details that will appear in the painting.
Kellogg discusses his conversation with Cornwell and the changes that are planned for the yellow fever painting. Hench may take the preliminary sketches to Cuba with him if he likes.
Hench sends Kellogg photographs to be used by Cornwell for changes to the yellow fever painting. He discusses Clara Maass, the Cubans' representation of Finlay's work, and a need for two versions of the painting to please both Americans and Cubans.
Hench comments on Truby's suggestions regarding the Cornwell yellow fever painting.
Kellogg discusses the Cornwell painting in progress, proposed changes to the painting, and the possibility of producing a second painting to appease critics in Cuba.
Gomez requests information that he can use to show the Cuban government the part that Wyeth Company is playing in publicizing Finlay's work.
Hench requests copies of Mabel Lazear's photographs and discusses Agramonte's daughter. He recommends taking sketches of the "Cuban versions" of the painting rather than the originals to Cuba with him.
Kellogg discusses his efforts to assuage critics in Cuba. He will send Hench photographs of the preliminary "Cuban versions" of Cornwell's painting.
Kellogg thanks Hench for the letter, from Agramonte's daughter, in which she criticized the preliminary sketches of Cornwell's painting.
Kellogg thanks Agramonte's daughter for her comments on the Cornwell sketches and describes planned changes to the painting.
Hench thinks Kellogg handled the Cuban situation well. He comments on the Finlay supporters in Cuba. Hench discusses the Cornwell painting in progress and the suggestions Kellogg has received from various men concerning the painting.
Kellogg reports on his visit with Andrus and notes suggestions Andrus made for the Cornwell painting.
Kellogg discusses the depiction of soldier volunteers in the Cornwell painting. He will test reactions to the painting in Cuba before distributing it.
Kean criticizes the sketches for the Cornwell painting and discusses the anti-Reed sentiment in Cuba.
Hench offers more suggestions for the Cornwell painting.
Cornwell thanks Hench for the data on foods affecting migraines, and for his interest in the yellow fever painting.
Kellogg gives Hench information on the upcoming unveiling of the Cornwell painting.
Kellogg will invite Ireland to the unveiling of the Cornwell painting. He discusses Hench's speech for the event.
Kellogg discusses Hench's travel expenses and the guest list for the unveiling of the Cornwell painting.
Hench discusses his speech for the upcoming unveiling of the Cornwell portrait and suggests guests to be invited by Kellogg.
Hench discusses his speech for the upcoming unveiling of the Cornwell portrait and requests more details on the event and on the painting.
Hench is anxious about speaking at the upcoming unveiling of the Cornwell painting. He presses Kellogg for details about the event and the painting.
Kellogg supplies Hench with details on the upcoming unveiling of the Cornwell painting. He discusses Law's introduction of Hench, the guest list, Hench's speech, the planned order of proceedings, and the painting.
Hench discusses the ethics of having his yellow fever talk reprinted and distributed by the Wyeth Company. A note by Hewitt on the second page states that he sees no ethical problems with publication.
Kellogg discusses the publication of Hench's remarks on the Cornwell painting in medical journals. The Wyeth Company will provide color inserts of the painting for publication.
Hench requests that Cornwell omit the mustache from Moran's image in the yellow fever painting.
Kellogg informs Hench that the Moran figure in Cornwell's painting has already been completed with a mustache. Plates of the painting have also already been made. He discusses the publication of an article on the painting.
Hench discusses the planned publication of his speech and reproductions of the Cornwell painting in "Hygeia" and the "New York Sunday Mirror."
Truby approves of the finished Cornwell painting and is surprised to have been included in it.
Kean approves of the finished Cornwell painting. He comments on the various figures depicted in the work.
Cumming approves of the finished Cornwell painting, "Conquerors of Yellow Fever."
Gomez discusses the reactions of Cuban doctors to the Cornwell painting, "Conquerors of Yellow Fever".
Carlos E. Finlay expresses his dissatisfaction with Cornwell's painting, "Conquerors of Yellow Fever."
Jaime approves of Cornwell's painting, "Conquerors of Yellow Fever."
Mabel Lazear expresses her approval of Cornwell's painting, "Conquerors of Yellow Fever," and requests more copies. She mentions her preoccupation with war preparations.
Cooke approves of Cornwell's painting, "Conquerors of Yellow Fever," and requests more copies.
Hench discusses changes to Cornwell's "Conquerors of Yellow Fever" painting that would improve its historical accuracy.
Hench responds to Carlos E. Finlay's criticism of Cornwell's "Conquerors of Yellow Fever" painting.
Hench thanks Kellogg for the reaction letters, from both Cubans and Americans, to the painting. He discusses the sentiments in these letters.
Carlos E. Finlay apologizes for his earlier criticism of the Cornwell painting. He is glad that the contributions of his father, Carlos J. Finlay, and the Yellow Fever Board are being brought together.
Kellogg discusses identification of the figures in Cornwell's painting for an upcoming "Hygeia" article that will feature a copy of the painting.
Hench discusses identification of the figures in Cornwell's painting for an upcoming "Hygeia" article that will feature a copy of the painting. He presents a strong argument for including Ames.
In a numbered list, Hench names and identifies the figures in the Cornwell yellow fever painting.
Hench discusses the Cornwell painting and an upcoming "Hygeia" article based on his speech at the unveiling. He thinks it appropriate for Moran to be depicted in a military uniform in the painting.
Kellogg discusses the inclusion of Ames in the Cornwell painting. He has contacted Kean regarding this matter.
Kellogg informs Kean of the final decisions made in identifying the figures in the Cornwell painting. He informs Kean that Carlos E. Finlay has altered his earlier judgement of the painting.
Kellogg thanks Finlay for his letter and assures him that his opinion was welcomed. He discusses the possibility of a second yellow fever painting.
Kellogg sends Hench copies of correspondence with Carlos E. Finlay. He discusses Cubans' attitudes toward the work of Carlos J. Finlay and the possibility of a "Cuban version" of the Cornwell painting.
Hench discusses Cuban attitudes towards Finlay and the identification of figures in the Cornwell painting.
Agramonte's daughter expresses her approval of the finished Cornwell painting and requests reproductions.
Kellogg discusses the painting of McDowell, which is being planned by Wyeth, and describes Rankin's criticism of the Cornwell yellow fever painting.
Artigas praises the Cornwell painting for honoring the work of Finlay. He discusses Cuban publicity pieces for the painting and the planned public exhibition of a reproduction.
Hench thanks Kellogg for the acknowledgement included in the journal article on the Cornwell painting. However, he suggests a few changes to the acknowledgement.
Kellogg has received favorable comments on the Cornwell painting from Cumming and Kahn. Kahn, a friend of Carlos E. Finlay, reported Finlay's approval.
Kellogg discusses the favorable reaction to the Cornwell yellow fever painting. He has sent a proof and copies to Agramonte's daughter.
Hutchison thanks Kellogg for the print of the Cornwell painting, which will be placed in the Lazear Building.
Hench thanks Law for the two oil sketches of the “Cuban version” of the yellow fever painting.
Law is glad that Hench likes the two oil sketches of the "Cuban version" of Cornwell's yellow fever painting.
Kellogg discusses the display of the "Cuban version" sketches of Cornwell's yellow fever painting, in Cuba.
Agramonte's daughter thanks Kellogg for the print of Cornwell's painting.
Hench describes the display of the Cornwell paintings at the Mayo Clinic. He would be pleased to attend future unveilings of other paintings in the series. Hench mentions the publication of his yellow fever article in the Mayo Clinic Proceedings.
The collection finding aid does not list all of the items that are housed in this file.
Kellogg assures Hench that he will still be involved with the "Pioneers of American Medicine Series," despite the fact that he no longer with Wyeth. He and Cornwell received an award from the National Art Director's Club. He expresses concern about Kean.
Hench congratulates Kellogg on his award from the National Art Director's Club. He expresses regret that Cornwell's remarks at the unveiling of the yellow fever painting were never recorded. He mentions the books of Laura Wood, Hume and Truby.
The collection finding aid does not list all of the items that are housed in this file.
Moran notifies Kissinger that they are going to receive the Finlay Medal from the Cuban Government in Washington, D.C. He provides further detailed information concerning the upcoming event and hopes that Kissinger will be able to attend. This letter was forwarded to Hench.
Kissinger complains about the conflicting stories concerning the yellow fever experiments. He discusses his willingness to participate in the human experiments.
Hench informs Kissinger about his plans to purchase the site of Camp Lazear and the remains of Building No. 1. He discusses his correspondence with Kean and Truby and his intention to find incontrovertible evidence concerning the yellow fever story.
Hench requests Kissinger's help in identifying persons and buildings in two photographs.
Ida Kissinger sends her husband's identifications of the persons in a photograph. She discusses their health problems.
Kissinger describes the yellow fever experiments and comments on the men involved. He also describes the experience of suffering from yellow fever and the treatment for the disease. Kissinger remarks on inaccuracies in the play "Yellow Jack." He maintains that he volunteered before Moran.
Kissinger responds to questions regarding the yellow fever experiments. He asserts that he volunteered before Moran.
The article relates to John R. Kissinger.
The collection finding aid does not list all of the items that are housed in this file.
Kean comments on the attempt to add Ames to the Yellow Fever Roll of Honor.
Kean comments on Lambert's possible inclusion on the Yellow Fever Roll of Honor.
Lambert corrects a draft of an interview of Lambert by Hench - conducted on June 21, 1946. He also tries to advance his case for being included in the Yellow Fever Roll of Honor.
Hench has recently found four photographs in trunks belonging to the daughter-in-law of James Carroll. He would like Lambert's help in identifying buildings and people in the photographs.
Lambert describes some of the buildings and landscape in the photographs Hench sent him. He notes that the group picture was not taken while he was there.
Lambert describes buildings at Columbia Barracks, and recollects about the people involved and their roles in the yellow fever experiments.
Lambert informs Truby that the woman who worked with Warner in caring for Lazear and Carroll died shortly after returning to the U.S.
Lambert informs Truby that he has tried to gain recognition as a nurse for the experimental yellow fever cases. He explains the reasons why he thinks he should be included.
Lambert thanks Truby for allowing to read his manuscript. He speaks highly of Ames and provides information about Lazear's funeral.
[Lambert] answers twenty-one questions dealing with the yellow fever experiments at Camp Lazear. He describes how he assisted with the care of the patients, the work of female nurses, his involvement with the sanitary work, and an incident in which he broke quarantine to get Ames' help with his patient, Andrus.
Hench interviews Lambert regarding his participation in the care of the yellow fever patients at Camp Lazear. He poses questions concerning buildings at the site as well as people involved in the yellow fever experiments. Lambert believes that Ames should be included on the Roll of Honor.
The collection finding aid does not list all of the items that are housed in this file.
This envelope, printed by Lutheran Memorial Hospital, features a drawing of a proposed Clara Maass commemorative stamp.
This is a commemorative first day cover, which features the Clara Maass postage stamp and a drawing of Lutheran Memorial Hospital.
The collection finding aid does not list all of the items that are housed in this file.
McPherson describes two photographs; one shows Dorsey McPherson and Cruse in New Mexico, while the other shows them years later in Washington, D.C. They are the two surviving officers of Fort Apache.
The collection finding aid does not list all of the items that are housed in this file.
This partial manuscript of Moran's autobiography describes his early life, military career, service as a sanitary inspector under Gorgas in Panama, marriage, and business ventures. He discusses his relationship with Hench and their search for the actual site of Camp Lazear, as well as the difficulties stemming from the Reed-Finlay controversy. The section of the draft covering the yellow fever experiments is missing.
The collection finding aid does not list all of the items that are housed in this file.
The collection finding aid does not list all of the items that are housed in this file.
Lynch requests that Butler meet with Hench to discuss Pinto's recognition for his service in the yellow fever experiments. Lynch adds a note to Hench stating that Butler wishes to meet with him.
Lynch sends Hench a photograph of Pinto.
Pinto has read Hemmeter's article on Carroll and is distressed by the developing disagreement over the recognition of Carroll's yellow fever work.
The collection finding aid does not list all of the items that are housed in this file.
Gorgas suggests that Finlay and Carter be nominated for the Nobel Prize. In the postscript, Gorgas writes an autograph note for Carter.
This article, which appeared in the "Military Surgeon," is a biographical sketch of Stark. Truby, a friend of Stark, adds his own evaluation to illustrate his talents and character.
The collection finding aid does not list all of the items that are housed in this file.
Hench responds to Wood's letter, in which she informed him of her project to write the story of Walter Reed for children. He discusses his two chief discoveries: that Lazear probably was bitten deliberately and secretly, and the location of Camp Lazear. He is sending her two of his manuscripts and offers copies of some of his material. He suggests she contact Emilie Lawrence Reed.
Hench has selected the items which he thinks will help Wood to write her book on Reed. He offers to read her manuscript when she has finished writing.
Wood is delighted with the material Hench has sent her for her book on Reed. She comments on the differences between the stories of Kissinger and Moran. She is trying to piece together Reed's early career. She is grateful for his offer to review her manuscript.
Hench is pleased that the material he sent to Wood will be helpful. He comments on how to treat the Moran-Kissinger controversy regarding who volunteered first. Truby believes that Agramonte has written an article with errors, but Hench is not certain who is correct.
Wood describes the notebook she examined at the New York Academy of Medicine, which is alleged to be Reed's. She thinks it is not Reed's notebook, but does find it interesting that the writer caught mosquitoes near a yellow fever outbreak in Havana and dissected them in the lab. She wonders if it is Lazear's.
Wood thinks the notebook found at the New York Academy of Medicine may be a disappointment to Hench. She describes how Malloch acquired the notebook.
Notes by an unknown author on the notebook found at the New York Academy of Medicine discuss references to the yellow fever experiments.
Hench informs Malloch that he is very interested in the notebook which Wood examined at the New York Academy of Medicine. He wants to know how it came to the Academy and inquires about obtaining it through inter-library loan. He believes he would be able to identify the handwriting.
Hench informs Wood that the handwriting in the notebook has been identified as belonging to Lazear.
Hench writes that he is sending a copy of Kelly's book on Reed to Wood. He has heard from Mabel Lazear regarding the identification of her husband's handwriting in his notebook.
Hench informs Wood that he does not know Reed's whereabouts in 1893. He suggests she contact Wilson. He notes that his book does not focus on individuals to the extent that her work does.
Wood tells Hench where Reed was located in the early to mid-1870's. If she returns to New York, she will examine the Lazear notebook and asks if there is anything he would like her to ask Malloch.
Hench is delighted that Wood is correcting inaccuracies in Kelly's book. Malloch sent him a microfilm copy of the so-called Lazear notebook. He informs her that the notebook contains writing by both Lazear and Reed.
Hench informs Wood that the Surgeon General's library had no record of the Reed-Lazear notebook ever being catalogued. He suggests she visit Reed's family members for permission to use Walter Reed's letters.
Wood comments on Kelly's implication that Reed had difficulty getting Army approval to go to Johns Hopkins. She has been told that a medical officer in the Navy is also writing about Reed.
Hench is pleased Wood was able to visit the Reeds. He spent some time trying to locate Lazear's notebook in the Archives, but was unable to do so. He is still interested in her manuscript and offers to read it.
Wood is sending Hench the last third of her manuscript and asks for his comments. She questions why Reed would have needed information about the insect host theory from both Carter and Lazear. She comments on meeting Blossom Reed.
Hench comments on details in Wood's manuscript of her book on Reed. He reflects on the difficulties in planning his own book.
Wood thanks Hench for comments on her manuscript - responding to some of them - and discusses her work. She used Ashburn's history of the Army Medical Corps for some statistics. Wood insists that Hench write his book on Reed because she feels it will be definitive.
Hench is glad to have Wood's reference to the Ashburn history of the Army Medical Corps. He comments on an illustration that has been prepared for her book.
Wood returns material, which Hench had loaned to her, and discusses her manuscript. The publication delay permits her to do more research on Lazear. Wood comments on a Reed family legend that is almost certainly apocryphal.
Wood has received oral permission from Blossom Reed to examine copies of Walter Reed's letters, which are in Hench's possession.
Wood is pleased that Hench has found the Lazear materials. She agrees that she should obtain Blossom Reed's written permission in order to examine copies of Walter Reed's letters.
Hench is forwarding Blossom Reed's manuscript, which includes some Walter Reed letters. He comments that Walter Reed would be dismayed if he knew that Blossom was attempting to sell his personal letters.
Wood comments on Walter Reed's letters and on Blossom Reed's attempts to sell them. She will send Hench a completed manuscript of her book to examine if he has time.
Hench comments on Wood's manuscript. He hopes that she will acknowledge the Reeds in her foreword.
Wood discusses the upcoming publication of her book. Truby visited recently and gave her more information on the yellow fever experiments. She inquires if Hench knows who first volunteered for the experiments.
Hench discusses the controversy between Kissinger and Moran, which centers on who first volunteered for the yellow fever experiments. He feels the truth will never be known, and advises Wood not to reopen the matter.
The collection finding aid does not list all of the items that are housed in this file.
This typescript deals with Hench's discussion of the recently discovered notebook containing the lab notes of Lazear and Reed. Hench credited Laura Wood with the discovery. The speech was given before the American Association of Obstetricians, Gynecologists and Abdominal Surgeons.
Series VII. Truby-Kean-Hench primarily consists of materials relating to Albert E. Truby and Jefferson Randolph Kean that Philip Showalter Hench created or collected while researching the yellow fever experiments. Items in this series date from around 1879 to around 1960 with the bulk of the items dating from 1900 to 1954. These items include, but are not limited to the following:
In addition to the materials relating to Kean and Truby, Series VII. also includes the following:
Materials in this series are generally arranged in chronological order regardless of their format and subject matter.
This document discusses the diagnosis and treatment of yellow fever in Cuba.
Kean recounts Reed's sickness, death, and funeral.
Gorgas writes about yellow fever cases in Panama, as well as sanitary efforts and political maneuvering.
Gorgas writes about his administration of sanitary affairs in the Canal Zone and political machinations.
Gorgas seeks support for his yellow fever work in Panama.
Gorgas writes about the use of pyrethrum in the Canal Zone for the treatment of yellow fever and plague.
Gorgas recommends King as superintendent of Yellowstone Park. He discusses the functions and administration of the Sanitary Department.
Gorgas offers his opinion on the organization of the Sanitary Department in the Canal Zone. He also comments on his candidacy for the office of Surgeon General.
Gorgas writes about the management of the Sanitary Department. He comments on his relationship with his superior officers in the government.
Gorgas seeks advice on candidates for the Chief of Laboratory. He reports on the state of disease in Panama, noting a small pox outbreak and the absence of yellow fever since May.
Gorgas writes about a planned increase in the Canal Zone medical force, and encloses correspondence recommending physician Alexander Murray for service in Panama.
Bushnell recommends physician Alexander Murray to Gorgas for service in Panama and explains Murray's difficult circumstances owing to his wife's illness.
Gorgas informs Bushnell that his medical staff is full at present, but that he will consider adding physician Alexander Murray if there is an increase in staffing.
Gorgas writes about his reconciliation with Magoon, remarking that Magoon will probably recommend him as his successor in Panama. He also comments on the state of disease in Panama, noting that pneumonia remains primary problem.
Gorgas discusses career and salary issues and concerns. Gorgas supports James Carroll for the Nobel Prize.
Kean argues that Carroll deserves more recognition for his service. The last page includes Kelly's reply, dated September 10, 1906. Kelly writes that he will help to secure cooperation of Congressmen and write an article in support of Congressional action on behalf of the survivors and their families.
Gorgas refers to his previous letter soliciting suggestions for the Chief of Laboratory. He offers additional names from which to choose. He mentions other departmental news, including the use of drugs and chemical compounds.
[Gorgas] writes about political maneuverings for staff appointments and promotions, and recognition for James Carroll.
Ramos writes about the yellow fever work in Cuba. He encloses a table showing charting fatalities from yellow fever smallpox.
This table charts deaths from smallpox and yellow fever in Havana, from 1870-1879.
Kean sends Magoon the report of the Chief Sanitary Officer of Cuba for the past year and comments extensively on sanitation and the yellow fever.
[Morejos?] writes about mosquito eradication and other sanitary measures in various Cuban locations.
Kean cites a lack of support for sanitary measures by the Cuban authorities, and an increase in the incidence of yellow fever. He requests assignment of another medical officer to his staff.
The Provisional Governor of Cuba grants Kean's request for another medical officer.
Gorgas is convinced that mosquito eradication is the only method to keep yellow fever from developing into an epidemic.
Guiteras disputes Gorgas' theories about immunity to yellow fever and eradication of the disease.
Kean suggests that a case of yellow fever was contracted not in Santiago di Cuba but in Daiquiri.
Thomason discusses a yellow fever patient, Manuel Casas.
Guiteras discusses his hesitancy to publicize yellow fever cases.
Kean protests against the American quarantine of all Cuban ports.
Guiteras reports to Kean regarding the possible yellow fever cases of Manuel Casas de la Mina and Jesus Torres.
Finlay outlines measures taken to ensure that a case of yellow fever, in Havana, does not develop into an epidemic.
Del Valle discusses yellow fever cases in Havana and sanitation measures.
The collection finding aid does not list all of the items that are housed in this file.
Finlay discusses sanitation measures taken in response to possible cases of yellow fever.
Lebredo discusses the diagnosis of a possible yellow fever case.
Finlay reports on recommendations for prophylactic measures against yellow fever in Felton.
[Kean] requests additional experiments using wire mesh as a mosquito control.
Guiteras writes that he will conduct further experiments using wire mesh and additional species of mosquitoes.
[Kean] informs Ellis about the military service of John R. Kissinger and gives details of Kissinger's participation in the yellow fever experiments. Included is a note by Truby. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Kean denies a rumor that he has been chosen to succeed General Torney. He informs Gorgas that the 10th Infantry has been ordered to Panama.
Kean requests Agramonte's photograph for a publication about the Yellow Fever Commission. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Agramonte informs Kean of Finlay's declining health. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Kean acknowledges that Agramonte should get proper credit for his yellow fever work. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Agramonte demands that Kean correct the injustice done to him regarding his unfair portrayal in the Yellow Fever Commission. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Kean states that Carroll was responsible for the injustice done to Agramonte. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Kean details the methods the Sanitary Inspectors used in Cuba to combat yellow fever. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Kean discusses the sanitation efforts used to prevent yellow fever in Cuba from 1906 to 1909. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
Miller informs Kean that he is unable to supply a list of commissioned officers in Allentown.
[Kean] questions Birmingham about the organization of the Ambulance Corps in France.
Gorgas informs Kean that he has already appointed officers for the Ambulance Corps in France. Kean may fill other places when he arrives.
Kean discusses the command structure of the Ambulance Corps in France.
Gorgas discusses the manning of ambulance sections in France.
Gorgas relays further information about the manning of ambulance sections in France. He mentions a possible misunderstanding between the French and American authorities.
Kean describes disagreements within the command of the Ambulance Corps on how to organize the ambulance service in France.
Gorgas describes to Kean further communication difficulties in constituting the Ambulance Corps in France.
Kean provides a detailed description of Ambulance Corps problems; including supply, accommodation, and pay difficulties.
Gorgas writes that he will comply with Kean's requests concerning the organization of the ambulance service in the United States.
Kean discusses logistical issues concerning supplies, assignments, and personnel in the Ambulance Corps.
Gorgas reports to Kean that he will be receiving reinforcements shortly.
Gorgas reports to Kean that Pershing recommends sending the remaining men at Allentown to France. Gorgas approves of Kean's administration.
Kean informs Gorgas of his transfer to post of Deputy Chief Surgeon of American Expeditionary Forces. He also describes command reorganizations and the status of ambulance service.
Gorgas informs Kean that he has had good reports from the Medical Department in France. Gorgas feels confident that Kean is leaving the Ambulance Corps in good order.
Kean seeks information on J.F. Binnie, an old acquaintance and a patient in Truby's hospital.
Truby relates Binnie's condition. He enjoyed his trip to Europe with the Keans in 1921. He discusses upcoming assignments to Panama or the Philippines.
Kean informs Emilie Lawrence Reed that his son Robert is graduating from MIT in chemistry. He discusses the role of Sternberg and Gorgas with the Yellow Fever Commission.
Marie Gorgas thanks Kean for his informative letter. She is currently collaborating with Hendrick on a biography of Gorgas.
Kean expresses his disapproval of the claims made by Marie Gorgas' in her biography of William Crawford Gorgas.
Kean writes to the editor in order to dispute the claims made by Marie Gorgas in her article on her husband. He requests that a letter of clarification be published in the journal.
Kean informs Emilie Lawrence Reed that he wrote to the editor of World's Work to dispute the claims made by Marie Gorgas as regards the Yellow Fever Commission.
Burton informs Kean that the piece published in World's Work, by Marie Gorgas, was an excerpt of her larger work in which Reed does receive credit.
Kean expresses doubt that the statements already published in the excerpts of Gorgas' biography can be corrected in the final publication without contradiction.
Hendrick agrees to publish Kean's letter, which challenged Marie Gorgas' account of her husband's yellow fever work, in the journal World's Work.
Kean informs Emilie Lawrence Reed that Hendrick will print a correction to an earlier article. This letter is written at the bottom of Hendrick's letter to Kean, dated April 16, 1924. Hendrick writes that the corrections will be made and regrets any offense given Emilie Lawrence Reed.
Kean informs McCaw that Hendrick has agreed to publish his rebuttal to Marie Gorgas' article.
Kean offers an explanation of how his rebuttal letter to Marie Gorgas' article came to be published in New York Times.
Howard responds favorably to Kean's letter published in the New York Times, and offers supporting evidence for Kean's claims in the form of quotations from a letter of Reed.
Hendrick informs Kean that he had planned to publish his rebuttal letter in the June issue of the World's Work, but withdrew it when he saw it published in the New York Times.
Kean mentions Howard's letter, which offers proof of Reed's awareness of the practical effects of his yellow fever experiments.
Kean informs Emilie Lawrence Reed that the manuscript of Gorgas' biography might be corrected to reflect Reed's role. He will retire to Washington this summer.
Howard encloses correspondence with L.H. Baekeland, who proposed sending a letter to the New York Times emphasizing Kean's role in mosquito eradication in Cuba in 1901.
Howard informs Baekeland that he does not wish to be involved in the controversy between Marie Gorgas and Kean.
Baekeland inquires if Howard objects to him writing a letter to the New York Times.
Baekland refers to the recent publication of a letter and Howard's response regarding Kean's role. He includes a direct quote from Howard's letter.
Kean refers to the Marie Gorgas and Hendrick biography of William Crawford Gorgas.
Marie Gorgas writes to Kean that she regrets his disapproval of her biography of William Crawford Gorgas. [Kean] appends a note chastising the authors of the biography for failing to correct errors called to their attention six months before publication.
Edsall requests Kissinger's address. A fund has been established in his name, Harvard University Medical School, which would provide a pension to Ida Kissinger upon John Kissinger's death.
Kean requests that Kissinger's address be given to the dean of Harvard Medical School.
Clark provides Edsall with Kissinger's address.
Richardson, Edsall's assistant, seeks confirmation that Kissinger was a volunteer in the yellow fever experiments.
Kean confirms that Kissinger was a volunteer in the yellow fever experiments.
Edsall thanks Kean for identifying Kissinger.
Kean offers his opinion on the accuracy of the Gorgas biography. He requests Birmingham's recollection of Gorgas' decision to retire.
Birmingham believes that Gorgas withdrew his request for retirement because of World War I, not because there was opposition to his retirement from other sources.
Black discusses the relationship between Gorgas and Ludlow.
Kean discusses the Gorgas biography and requests that his review of it be published.
Kean encloses a reprint of his review of the Gorgas biography for publication in "Science."
Howard informs Kean that he will forward his review of the Gorgas biography to the editor of "Science."
Kean thanks Howard for contacting "Science" on his behalf.
Howard informs Kean that his review of the Gorgas biography was reprinted, but not in "Science."
Howard expresses interest in Kean's review of the Gorgas biography. He comments on Hendrick's writing and factual accuracy.
Delaney congratulates Kean on his review of the Gorgas biography.
Strong congratulates Kean for his review of the Gorgas biography.
West thanks Kean for reprints of his review of the Gorgas biography.
Howard informs Kean that the editors of "Science" want him to write another review.
Cattell expresses interest in Kean's review of the Gorgas biography, but notes that "Science" does not publish reprints.
Walker congratulates Kean on his review of the Gorgas biography.
Kean declines to write new review of Gorgas biography for "Science."
Alderman, the President of the University of Virginia, congratulates Kean on his review of the Gorgas biography.
Amador congratulates Kean on his review of the Gorgas biography. He discusses his own plans to write a popular history of the yellow fever story for Panama.
Kean approves of Amador's idea for a popular history of yellow fever. He relates his recollections of the X.Y. yellow fever case.
Kean sends Cushing reprints of his review of the Gorgas biography.
Cushing congratulates Kean for his review of the Gorgas biography. An autograph note by Kean reveals sales statistics of both the Osler and Gorgas biographies.
McCaw sends Kean a critique of Mark Sullivan's article on Gorgas, and tells Kean that he believes Sullivan wants to present a truthful account of Gorgas' yellow fever work.
McCaw offers comments on Sullivan's draft chapter about Gorgas and yellow fever.
Patterson sends Kean a letter he has written to William Duffield Robinson, correcting a statement about Gorgas that Robinson made in a paper.
Patterson corrects Robinson's statement that Gorgas discovered the means of transmission for yellow fever.
Kean compliments Ravenel on his review of the Gorgas biography and presents his own view of the errors in the book.
Ravenel offers his opinions about Gorgas.
Kean discusses Gorgas and the yellow fever work in Cuba. Ireland responds in a note at the bottom of the letter.
Ravenel refers to an article by Russell concerning the sanitation campaign in Havana (1900). In an autograph note, [Kean] writes that Ravenel has misunderstood Russell.
Kean agrees that Russell should be unambiguous in his statements regarding Gorgas.
Ravenel informs Kean that he has written a review of a biography of Carter for "The American Journal of Public Health."
Kean makes corrections to Sullivan's manuscript for a book chapter on Gorgas, including a memorandum for Ireland concerning Gorgas' military record and honors.
Ravenel comments on factual errors in the Russell article about Gorgas' sanitation work.
Kean discusses Russell's article on Gorgas and comments on the errors in the Marie Gorgas biography of her husband. Included is an autograph note by Kean.
Alvare writes about Finlay and Camp Lazear.
Kean requests the addresses of Mabel Lazear and Jennie Carroll.
Kean provides his analysis of the date of the initiation of anti-mosquito efforts in Havana. He cites a report by William Crawford Gorgas, which was written in 1904.
Kean expresses his disappointment in the competition between Cuba and America regarding the credit for the yellow fever work. According to Kean, it was Reed who demonstrated Finlay's theory and Gorgas who applied it.
Siler comments on Kean's defense of Finlay.
LeRoy y Cassa defends Finlay against the claims of the Rockefeller Foundation and others. He refers to Marie Gorgas and Burton J. Hendrick's biography of William Crawford Gorgas.
Kean informs Agramonte that he would like to publish his recollections of the yellow fever experiments in "The Military Surgeon."
Kean thanks Lamb for information on Reed's last days.
Russell writes about current work on yellow fever, mentioning Dunn, Klotz, Beeuwkes, Noguchi and Carter. He discusses Carter's belief that yellow fever came to the Americas with slaves from West Africa.
Kean expresses his continued interest in the status of yellow fever investigations, experimentation on monkeys, and Carter's book on the history of yellow fever.
Kean mentions the dedication of Walter Reed's birthplace and ongoing yellow fever work. He offers his opinion on the Reed-Finlay debate.
Agramonte appreciates Kean's balanced report of the yellow fever work. He comments on current yellow fever work.
Sen. Tydings requests a copy of Kean's article.
Howard comments on Kean's account of the yellow fever experiments.
Kean thanks Howard for praising his speech on Walter Reed.
De Niedman offers his recollections of yellow fever work in Cuba, including investigations of Sanarelli's bacillus and sanitary measures undertaken.
Kean informs de Niedman that he will testify on behalf of a pension bill to recognize the work of the Yellow Fever Commission and volunteers, including Agramonte.
Kean sends Ireland a letter from Frank McCoy concerning Gen. Summerall's statements about the roles played by Sternberg and Wood in the work of the Yellow Fever Commission. On the bottom of the letter, Ireland adds an expression of interest and his initials.
McCoy comments on Gen. Summerall's statements about the roles of Sternberg and Wood with regard to the Yellow Fever Commission.
Kean provides Morin with a comprehensive review of the yellow fever experiments. He includes the names of the personnel, their birth places, their enlistment and discharge locations, and present addresses.
Kean informs Moran about efforts to enact pension bills for Yellow Fever Commission families and volunteers.
Russell refers to questions and a statement concerning yellow fever published in "The Tropical Diseases Bulletin," March 1928. He cites the work and writing of Carter as having proven yellow fever can be eliminated without knowing its causal organism.
Kean sends Agramonte a Congressional committee report on the yellow fever pension bill and gives his opinion in regards to compensation amounts. Kean also comments on the Rockefeller Foundation yellow fever work in West Africa.
Taylor sends Kean a booklet on Reed.
Kean thanks Taylor for the booklet on Reed.
Kean responds to Peabody's questions about the work of the Yellow Fever Commission, offering his view on the contributions of various men and commenting on illustrations Peabody has selected for his article.
Kean comments on photos to be used by Peabody in his article and supplies Moran's address. He has a high opinion of Moran.
Russell suggests that Peabody donate his papers related to his yellow fever research to the Johns Hopkins Hospital Library.
Kean asks Laura Carter if her father's papers indicate the dates he arrived at and departed from Cuba, in 1900.
Laura Carter provides Kean with the dates of Henry Carter's service in Cuba, in 1899 and 1900.
Beveridge, of the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, requests a reprint of Kean's speech, which was given at the dedication of Walter Reed's birthplace.
Kean sends a reprint of his speech, given at the dedication of Walter Reed's birthplace, to Beveridge.
Kean apologizes for not recalling that Lambert was the nurse who cared for him when he was sick with yellow fever. Kean tells Lambert he should be proud of his service in connection with the yellow fever experiments.
Kean relates news of the pension bill and notes the recognition of Agramonte's work in the bill.
Agramonte thanks Kean for news of the pension bill, and expresses appreciation for Ireland's influence.
Kean responds to Ames' inquiry about the pension bill and offers reasons why Roger Ames is not included.
Kean describes to Moran the attempts made to expand the list of people qualified for yellow fever pensions, and explains how the criteria were set.
Kean congratulates Emilie Lawrence Reed on the establishment of her annuity.
Kean seeks donations of artifacts or letters of Jesse Lazear for the Vanderbilt University Medical Museum.
Kean inquires about Agramonte's father and explains the delay of Agramonte's medal and pension, approved in February 1929.
Agramonte writes to Kean about his family, the pension delay, and his health.
The interview centers on Kean's reluctance to give credit to the work done by Roger Ames during the yellow fever experiments.
Kean informs Jessie Ames that physicians other than Roger Ames treated yellow fever patients at Camp Lazear.
Kean does not believe that Roger Ames had yellow fever, in 1901.
Hagedorn relates a conversation with General McCoy concerning Wood's announcement of the Yellow Fever Commission's findings, in 1900. He also comments on Gorgas' sanitary work in Havana.
The collection finding aid does not list all of the items that are housed in this file.
Truby's recounts his memories of the yellow fever experiments, and his anger with Agramonte for making what he feels are unjustified claims.
Kean congratulates McCoy on his appointment to Manchuria and comments on Hagedorn's biography of Leonard Wood.
Frances Agramonte gives Kean her new address and discusses her health.
Kean thanks Moran for sending him his immunity certificate signed by the Yellow Fever Board members. Kean comments on the political situation in Cuba.
Kean accepts Moran's offer to send him his yellow fever clinical chart and comments on conditions in Cuba and the U.S.
Truby writes to Kean concerning a bust of Reed.
This is an invoice to Kean for the return of a marble bust of Reed from the Smithsonian Institution to the Walter Reed Memorial Association.
Baker sends Kean his recollections of yellow fever work in Havana from 1898 to 1900.
Baker's recollections of yellow fever in Havana from 1898 to 1900 include a description of deaths among the American military officers.
Truby's memorandum and attached documents concern the marble bust of Walter Reed that was removed from the Smithsonian Institution and placed at the Walter Reed Army Hospital.
On behalf of the Walter Reed Memorial Association, Darnall requests that the Reed bust be kept in its present place at Walter Reed Hospital.
Dabney requests a copy of the Commanding Officer's letter acknowledging the Walter Reed Memorial Association's request to house the Reed bust at the hospital.
Truby comments on the text of the inscription displayed with the Reed bust.
Kean inquires about Truby's recollections of the circumstances of Lazear's contraction of yellow fever. He informs Truby that the Cubans intended to memorialize the room at Las Animas where Lazear was said to have been bitten. Kean informed them that this was not true.
Kean discusses the unjustified claims in the Gorgas biography by Burton Hendrick and Marie Gorgas, relates news of an old acquaintance and of his health, and expresses his sympathy for Cuban sensitivity about Finlay.
Truby provides his recollections of the yellow fever experiments, including Lazear's infection, Carroll's and Agramonte's claims, Dean's infection, Kean's leadership, and the memorial plaque for Lazear at Las Animas Hospital.
Kean thanks Truby for his kind words, and for supporting the "true" story of the yellow fever experiments.
Kean describes the centennial celebration of the Army Medical Library and his award of the Order of Finlay from the Cuban Government.
Truby writes to Kean concerning identification of the men in a photograph of the Detachment of the Hospital Corps at Camp Columbia, Cuba.
Kean's writes about his surgery for cataracts and provides news of friends and acquaintances.
Lampson solicits information about Gorgas for an upcoming book on the conquest of yellow fever.
Kean describes the 1900 Havana Finlay-Reed dinner, which celebrated the conclusive proof of Finlay's theory by Reed's work. He feels that Finlay has not received a fair share of the credit.
Hench discusses his interest in the story of the conquest of yellow fever and asks for Kean's involvement.
Kean discusses a future meeting with Hench, his relationship with Reed, and his experiences with the yellow fever experiments.
Hench expresses appreciation for Kean's collaboration in preparing the story of the yellow fever experiments.
Dabney provides Kean with a chronological listing of Reed's service in the U.S. Army Medical Corps.
Kean chronologically lists the events related to yellow fever in Cuba, for Hagedorn.
The collection finding aid does not list all of the items that are housed in this file.
Hench discusses various meetings he had in Cuba to acquire biographical information.
Kean discusses an upcoming meeting with Hench and the honoring of Moran and Kissinger by the Cuban government.
Kean mentions that his manuscripts related to Reed and yellow fever are at the University of Virginia.
Hench contacts Kean to arrange a meeting. He also encloses a list of questions and comments and requests some addresses.
Kean is eager to meet with Hench to discuss yellow fever work.
Hench is eager to hear more of Kean's recollections regarding his stay in Cuba and lists specific questions.
Kean is upset over efforts to get Poucher's name added to the Yellow Fever Roll of Honor.
Hench explains that he is trying to get Lazear his share of the credit.
Kean lists various Senate documents dealing with the yellow fever investigation. He offers his opinion on the role of Lambert.
Kean promises that he will assist Hench in his research. He suggests that Hench contact Truby for more information.
Hench requests permission to study Kean's diary in depth. He poses a large number of questions concerning yellow fever work.
Kean comments on Truby's manuscript about the yellow fever experiments. He complains that some "rank candidates" are lobbying to be included in the Roll of Honor.
Kean comments on Truby's paper about his service in Cuba. He feels that Truby's narration is of immense value and fears that most of Reed's papers are lost. He mentions that the University of Virginia is honoring Moran with a dinner.
Hench expresses great interest in reading Truby's paper. He requests the address of Emilie Lawrence Reed and Blossom Reed. He discusses the dinner honoring Moran at the University of Virginia, and he invites Kean to attend the dedication of the Lazear Memorial Building.
Kean responds in detail to Hench's letter concerning the yellow fever experiments. He sends his diary from late 1900 and a copy of a speech at the dedication of Walter Reed's birthplace.
Kean describes answering Hench's questions about the yellow fever experiments. Kean mentions that his wife is upset about his diary being sent through mail for Hench's research, and is afraid it might get lost. He reminisces about his stay in Cuba.
Kean compares the two methods of testing for yellow fever: mosquito bites and sleeping in the infected bedding. He claims that at the time of the experiments, the latter was considered more dangerous.
[Hench] informs Kean that he has found proof that a rental fee was paid by the U.S. military to use the Rojas family farm. He is thinking of purchasing Building No. 1 at Camp Lazear.
Kean reports that Reed requested $10,000 to conduct the yellow fever experiments. However, he is uncertain about where the financial records for the yellow fever study are being kept. He discusses an article written by Truby and encourages Hench to contact Thomas M. England, a former yellow fever volunteer.
Kean discusses his health and the dinner at the University of Virginia honoring Moran. He speaks about Finlay's mental condition during his later years. He also describes the dinner given in Havana celebrating the confirmation by the Yellow Fever Board of the Finlay theory.
Hench mentions Carlos E. Finlay's comments about his father during his later years. He describes in detail the dedication ceremony for the Jesse Lazear Building and mentions Mabel Lazear's opinion of her husband's work. He offers his opinion of Moran and Kissinger.
Hench discusses plans to finance and erect a memorial at the site of Camp Lazear. He describes it as a place where Finlay's concept was proven correct by the work of the U.S. Army. Hench includes sketches of the site.
Kean talks about Lazear's family and the location of his boyhood home. He also discusses the biography of Finlay.
Hench attempts to finish the Rheumatism Review, allowing little time for yellow fever research.
Kean answers Hench's questions regarding the yellow fever experiments.
The collection finding aid does not list all of the items that are housed in this file.
Hench poses questions regarding the yellow fever experiments because he knows that Kean had connections with Reed.
Truby suggests several corrections for Hench's article. He maintains that Kissinger volunteered before Moran and mentions his plans to work on his own paper. He invites Hench to visit him.
Truby informs Hench that he will send photographs under a separate cover. He appreciated Hench's comments on his manuscript, but he doesn't agree with all of his views about what happened in Cuba.
Kean comments on the controversy over Agramonte's role in the mosquito work. He answers, in detail, questions based on Hench's reading of Kean's diary. He emphasizes that Reed never told him Lazear's infection was experimental. He believes Lazear's careful records enabled Reed to understand the yellow fever incubation period.
Kean apologizes for a delay in returning to Hench a box of materials and an annotated list. He comments on information that was provided to Hench by Angles and on Hemmeter's article on Carroll. He gives information about where Lazear was buried in Cuba, and about the later transfer of his remains to the United States.
Hench explains Moran's and Kissinger's differing memories of the yellow fever experiments. He informs Truby that he wants to write an account that will glorify all concerned with the Yellow Fever Commission.
Truby provides detailed replies to the questions Hench posed about Truby's manuscript on the yellow fever experiments. He doubts the accuracy of Agramonte's accounts of the experiments.
Truby feels that he has provided Hench information in accordance with Kean's views and hopes they have provided Hench with better information than what he gathered in Cuba.
Angles explains why Cubans are fearful that Finlay will be robbed of his glory.
Hench explains the painting of Walter Reed proposed by the John Wyeth Company. He criticizes the dominant role of Finlay in their preliminary sketches and offers suggestions to improve upon the scene.
The collection finding aid does not list all of the items that are housed in this file.
Hench informs Truby that he is planning a trip to Havana, and so would like Truby and Kean to write letters of introduction to Ramos.
Kean discusses a book he is reading about Finlay. He agrees to write a letter to Ramos.
Kean discusses the layout of Camp Lazear. He thinks the location of Camp Lazear is settled by Rojas' daybook entries. He wrote to Dominguez and pointed out the errors in his book.
Kean assures Ramos that Hench is correct about the location of Camp Lazear, and gives a little of his own history in Cuba to indicate that he himself has knowledge of the places.
Truby supports Hench's efforts to establish a memorial at Camp Lazear.
[Hench] thanks Truby for his letter of support to the Cuban government. He finds fault with Truby's description of the location of the yellow fever ward as northwest of the hospital grounds.
Truby acknowledges his error in saying “northwest” instead of “southwest” in regard to the location of the yellow fever grounds.
Hench thanks Truby for making corrections in his letter to Ramos.
Kean disagrees with Hench's proposal for the yellow fever painting. He also describes Finlay as an honest man but lacking a truly scientific mind.
Hench wonders if Agramonte was with Lazear at his death because Carroll claimed that Agramonte had left three days earlier.
Truby confirms that Agramonte did not visit Lazear when he was sick nor did he attend the funeral.
Dominguez attempts to prove that Carlos Finlay discovered the method of transmission of yellow fever.
Kean asserts that Finlay was the discoverer of the transmission of yellow fever by mosquito and that Reed's demonstration of the theory led to its acceptance by the scientific world. He expresses a dislike for the grouping of men in the yellow fever painting.
Kellogg decides to give Cornwell artistic license over historical accuracy. He appreciates Kean's suggestions.
Angles is satisfied with the handling of the Finlay question.
Truby discusses the plan to commission a painting of the Yellow Fever Board, including Finlay. He will ask Andrus and England for verification of locations and hopes his letter to Ramos was sufficient.
In evaluating the Reed versus Finlay debate, Kean states that Reed converted a discredited hypothesis into an established doctrine.
Kean informs Truby that the inscription on the Reed bust has been removed due to objections by the Cubans. Kean offers his opinion of Dominguez' biography of Finlay.
Truby finds Agramonte's statements greatly exaggerated. He also faults the sketch proposed for the yellow fever painting.
Hench is anxious to discuss his questions with Kean.
Kean laments that the Ames family is trying to get Roger Post Ames included in the Yellow Fever Roll of Honor. He also discusses Camp Lazear.
Hench seeks assistance in locating maps of Camp Columbia and summarizes his discovery of the lost Camp Lazear.
Schnurr relays to Hench that Kissinger suffered a stroke and is unconscious.
Kean points out misinformation written in an article about Kissinger.
Hench expresses concerned about Kissinger's health.
Hench discusses the Kissinger interview, which was published in a Cleveland newspaper. He offers his opinion on the role played by Kissinger during the yellow fever experiments.
Kean writes that he regrets his treatment of Kissinger. Ireland gave him a good report of the address by Hench.
Kean hopes Hench will act as the guardian of the Yellow Fever Roll of Honor and will see that no other person be included by Congress.
Hench is thrilled to have the Reed contract and appreciates the Agramonte and Sternberg letters. He notes that soon he will be able to see the correspondence between the Yellow Fever Board and the Surgeon General. He mentions that Kissinger had a stroke.
Hench inquires into the health of Kissinger who suffered a debilitating stroke.
Kean discusses withholding some confidential material from Laura Wood Roper and recommends Kissinger enter a Veteran's Bureau Hospital.
Hench describes the Cornwell painting and explains that the tribute to Carroll's father is brief because there is little in the official records about his work.
Hench explains the Kissinger's situation and wants Kean to write them a note suggesting a veterans' hospital.
The collection finding aid does not list all of the items that are housed in this file.
Hench's interview deals with myriad topics, including: Moran and Kissinger, locations of hospitals and living quarters, the X.Y. case, Kean's case of yellow fever, and the discovery that someone had removed all the papers from Reed's desk after his death.
The collection finding aid does not list all of the items that are housed in this file.
Bullard reports about his experiences in Cuba during the yellow fever experiments.
Bullard describes his experiences in Cuba in connection with the yellow fever experiments.
The collection finding aid does not list all of the items that are housed in this file.
Kean agrees with Hench that Kissinger needs to be cared for in a veterans' hospital and recommends one in Indianapolis. He also encloses a copy of a letter he wrote to Ida E. Kissinger.
Kean recommends to Kissinger that her husband be moved to a veteran's hospital in Indianapolis.
Hench thanks Kean for writing the Kissingers.
Kean informs Hench of the improvement in Kissinger's health.
Kissinger plans to nurse her husband at home and thanks Kean for the information about the veteran's hospital.
Hench is relieved that Kissinger is doing better, and he provides information about the upcoming publication of his yellow fever paper.
Kean makes a correction for Hench's publication on the conquerors of yellow fever.
Pinto lauds Truby for his decision to write an autobiography. He comments on Agramonte's role in the yellow fever experiments.
Hench insists that in a historical painting, like the yellow fever painting, all figures should be identified. He suggests Carter and Ames be included.
Kean does not think Carter or Ames should be in the yellow fever painting. He suggests individuals on the Yellow Fever Roll of Honor.
Truby agrees that Cooke, Ames, and Jernegan should be included in the yellow fever painting.
Hench argues that Ames would be a good choice to include in the yellow fever painting.
Hench desires to clear up inconsistencies in Kean's statements regarding Henry Rose Carter's service in Cuba.
Truby points out historical inaccuracies found in the yellow fever painting.
Hench reports that Camp Lazear and the remains of Building No. 1 have been located. He has bought the building and hopes to raise money for a memorial. The Cuban government accepted his report. Hench has found Lazear's death certificate.
Kean informs Hench that Reed read his paper on the etiology of yellow fever at the Pan American Medical Congress in Havana, Feb 4-7, 1901. While Wood was convinced of the need to destroy mosquitoes, Gorgas was not and only began mosquito eradication at Wood's command.
Truby comments on Dean, Ames, Carroll and Agramonte. He feels his memory is sound, though he knows Hench has some skepticism. He offers his recollections of Carroll's infection and his attitude towards the mosquito theory.
Truby describes the interior of the living quarters at Camp Lazear and the problems they had with toads entering through the roof.
Kean discusses his health problems. Hendrick, in his Gorgas biography, made misstatements and did not correct them - it was Howard who advocated the use of kerosene to combat mosquitoes.
Kean expresses reservations about allowing Laura Wood Roper to view any contentious material in the Reed family letters.
Pinto informs Truby that his manuscript is well written and compatible with the facts.
Pinto remarks that Truby's manuscript is a nice contribution to yellow fever history. He congratulations Truby on becoming a grandpa and discusses his own family.
Kean explains how the letters b and v are used interchangeably in Spanish.
Kean discusses the publication of Truby's memoirs.
Kean states Carter was not in Cuba during the yellow fever experiments. He believes Truby's second manuscript is vastly improved.
Hench discusses who was present when Moran was bitten by a mosquito. He believes the experiments themselves were meticulously done, but the records were either poorly kept or poorly preserved.
Truby thinks Kean will be surprised by Pinto's remarks about Truby's manuscript.
Hench asks Reed for permission to show some of her father's letters to Wood.
Hench enjoys the second draft of Truby's manuscript.
Hench commends Truby on his wonderful manuscript.
Kean informs Hench that Truby's book will be published by the S.G.O. He also discusses various people who were or were not in Cuba during the yellow fever experiments.
Truby mentions the uniforms worn in Cuba and also asks to view a map of Cuba in 1899 to refresh his memory.
Kean enjoyed the “Hygeia” article and the reproduction of Cornwell's painting, of which he requests copies. He discusses some of the men on leave during the Yellow Fever Board experiments.
Hench discusses the credit given to Finlay for his ideas.
Pinto forwards his belief that Carroll tried to take credit for the mosquito theory after Lazear's death. He thinks Dean was bitten by a mosquito while in the ward.
Kean details his involvement in the National Memorial to Thomas Jefferson. Kean also discusses the publication of Truby's manuscript, his meeting with Carlos E. Finlay, and his understanding that Reed visited Carlos J. Finlay before any efforts were made to infect mosquitoes.
The collection finding aid does not list all of the items that are housed in this file.
Kean tells Truby about arrangements being made for the Jefferson Memorial and provides the information Truby requested concerning sanitary arrangements in Cuba.
Hench sends Truby suggestions for corrections or additions to Truby's manuscript on the story of the yellow fever experiments. He mentions several enclosures, which are not included with this document. An addendum from Hench to Truby on November 10, 1941 is included, as well as a transcription of a letter from James Carroll to his wife.
Nogueira informs Truby that he will contribute to a local history of Marianao, which is currently being written. He inquires about the locations of the mosquito experiments, where Lazear died, where Edmunds was confined, and the role of Cuban doctors in the Yellow Fever Commission's work.
Kean thinks that Gorgas did not begin organizing “mosquito brigades” on Feb 4, 1901, the date of Reed's lecture on yellow fever in Havana. He believes that Reed abandoned the B. Icteroides theory, in July of 1900, and was ready to investigate the mosquito theory by August 1.
Truby appreciates Hench's comments on the manuscript. He is sending photographs taken in Cuba. He has almost decided on the title for his book: Memoir of Walter Reed and the Great Yellow Fever Episode.
Hench informs Pinto that he has too many questions to ask and so would like to meet with him personally. He has found many contradictions and omissions in the various yellow fever accounts and is trying to unravel the twisted threads.
Hench will send Kean additional reprints of the Wyeth painting. He comments on the discovery, at the New York Academy of Medicine, of a notebook believed to belong to Lazear. He wonders if Carroll's son sold it to the Academy.
Kean is excited about the discovery of the notebook at the New York Academy of Medicine. He was immune to yellow fever - after having it in June of 1900 - so was not bitten as part of Lazear's experiments. He is pleased with the memoir of Andrus, and lauds him for submitting to inoculation as Reed had determined to inoculate himself if Andrus had not volunteered.
Truby responds to Hench's suggested corrections and additions to Truby's manuscript. He provides additional details, clarifies several points, and refers Hench to others who might be able to provide further information.
Kean makes a few suggestions on how to improve Truby's forward. He notes that he was on an inspection tour during Lazear's illness. He returned and thinks he saw Lazear the day before he died. He does not know when Reed heard of Lazear's death.
Truby comments on the notebook found at the New York Academy, stating that it could be Lazear's record from the laboratory. He knows the Board went to see Finlay in early July, and that they started to raise mosquitoes at once, because he saw them in glass jars. As such, he disputes Agramonte's date for the beginning of the mosquito work. Truby believes it was Lazear, not Agramonte, who induced Reed to meet with Finlay.
Nogueira would like to know the names of the eleven soldiers who were inoculated by Lazear. He also wants information about the non-immune camp for Americans in Quemados.
Pinto writes to Hench that he visited Truby, and thinks his work is good, but that he has slipped over time. He hopes that Truby completes his article soon.
Hench has received microfilm of the notebook found at the New York Academy of Medicine and has recognized Lazear's and Reed's handwriting. The contents include case reports of sick soldiers, electrozone experiment notes, observations of non-experimental and experimental yellow fever cases, and notes about mosquitoes. The notebook shows that Lazear was working with mosquitoes even before the Yellow Fever Board was created.
Kean makes comments on the contents of the notebook found at the New York Academy of Medicine. He had recommended Carroll for volunteer commission of major, but it didn't happen. He discusses very positively the career of Russell. He thinks Andrus could sell his memoir for a good price. He includes a memorandum listing papers he read about the life and work of Carroll in 1907, shortly after his death.
Kean questions whether Ames' self-diagnosis of yellow fever was correct, because earlier he had claimed to be immune.
This list includes sanitary reports, inspection reports and disease reports. Furthermore, there are numerous documents listed concerning Reed.
The collection finding aid does not list all of the items that are housed in this file.
Kean discusses the “warfare” against the mosquito.
Ashford, editor of the "Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine," expresses an interest in publishing Truby's book on the yellow fever experiments and informs him that Lazear's missing notebook is not to be found at the Academy library.
Hench informs Kean that Lazear's niece took him to the old family home where he found letters from Lazear to his mother and other personal items. Hench notes that he has also found Agramonte's leave of absence papers indicating he left Cuba several days before Lazear died.
Kean expresses appreciation to Mary and Philip Hench for an enjoyable evening. She informs them that Jefferson Randolph Kean is in the hospital but improving.
Kean thanks Hench for returning a letter from Truby. He clarifies the affiliation of Reed and other physicians involved in the yellow fever experiments as to Hospital Corps and Medical Corps, having noted an error in an earlier publication by Wyeth.
Truby tells Hench that he has received the galley proofs of his book and likes the appearance of the book and illustrations. He mentions having seen Finlay's book and thought it was beautifully done.
Kean sends Hench a copy of a letter he sent to Harold W. Jones, congratulates Hench on finding additional letters from Lazear, and mentions Andrus' book.
Kean comments on the Cornwell painting of the Reed Board and the distribution of proper credit between Reed and Finlay.
Truby suggests that Hench visit Russell in order to obtain more information. He notes that the urine entries in the New York Academy notebook are in Neate's handwriting.
Hench invites Truby to Rochester. Hench discusses the handwriting in the Lazear lab book, noting how much is attributed to Lazear and how much to Reed.
Kean commends Hench for his published article, expresses his pleasure in having read Roper's book on Reed, and sends news about Emilie Lawrence Reed's health. He also mentions the possibilities for publication of Truby's work and sends some newspaper clippings.
Hench tells Kean of an upcoming trip to see various people connected with the yellow fever experiments and of having recently seen Emilie Lawrence Reed. He recounts having given his yellow fever talk at a medical meeting and thanks Kean for his previous letter and the enclosed clippings.
Truby is not convinced that Hench's specialty is needed in the armed services at this time. He also tells Hench that he has heard of Andrus' death and credits Andrus with having provided a reliable account of the “events in Cuba.”
Kean informs Hench that he has discussed Lazear's lab book with Truby and notes areas where they differed and their final agreements. Kean and Truby agree that Ames' alleged case of yellow fever was an error in diagnosis.
Hench informs Kean that Jessie Ames sent Hench a certificate of Roger Ames' yellow fever infection as well as an army paper, which referred to Ames as “yellow fever immune.” He also discusses his own impending military service.
Hench informs Kean that he has received 22 fever charts from Jessie Ames. He requests clarification in regards to remarks on the back of Dean's fever chart.
Kean believes that the fever charts mentioned by Hench were probably copies of the originals. He doesn't remember much about his own illness with yellow fever except the headache and backache.
Kean writes that he has started his memoir. In a postscript, Kean explains Gorgas was excluded from the yellow fever painting because Gorgas did not initially believe in the mosquito theory.
Truby describes his meeting with Hench in Washington and his visit with Laura Wood Roper in Philadelphia. He mentions having heard favorable news from Harper's about possible publication of his manuscript and conveys news about his family.
Hench discusses the location of the original fever charts. He also comments on life in the army.
Kean sends Hench a copy of a letter Truby had sent to him regarding the introduction to the memoir he is writing.
Kean sends a copy of his introduction to Truby's memoir to Hench for his review.
Kean introduces Truby's Memoir on the yellow fever experiments, providing background information on the experiments themselves, as well as background on the author.
Truby informs Hench about the progress with his manuscript and credits Hench with having inspired him to write the memoirs.
Kean has been notified that he is to receive the Gorgas Medal for several accomplishments early in his career, including starting warfare on the mosquito in Cuba, initiating the legislation that created the Medical Reserve Corps, and for organizing the Base Hospitals in parent institutions.
Hench makes recommendations for some corrections and possible deletions from Truby's manuscript. He encourages him to take steps to have the book published sooner rather than later.
Truby responds to Hench's letter of November 24, 1942. He justifies what he has written in his manuscript and clarifies several points that Hench has raised.
Truby writes about the progress with his publisher on his book manuscript and responds further to Hench's suggestion that he may encounter some harsh remarks from literary critics.
The collection finding aid does not list all of the items that are housed in this file.
Kean states that his reference to Gorgas' Final Report should not diminish Gorgas' credibility and reputation.
Kean is concerned that he has wrongly portrayed Gorgas as slow in supporting Reed's findings.
Hench is anxious to see Truby's book. Hench then mentions that he read Finlay's book, which supports the Cuban perspective that the Americans only confirmed, not proved, the mosquito theory.
Kean comments on Wood's manuscript. He believes that Reed or Lazear would have volunteered to be inoculated before Carroll. Kean suggests that Lazear believed in the mosquito theory and was the first to try it on himself.
Kean finds that Wood's book is a well-written depiction of the yellow fever demonstration.
Truby writes of Lampson's novel on yellow fever. He believes that it distorts the truth and perpetuates false statements.
Hench congratulates Truby on the publication of his book.
Hench expresses delight with Truby's book, and considers Kean and himself as “godfathers” to this literary work.
Kean reports the death of a former participant in the yellow fever experiments. He is delighted with Truby's book and approves of Laura Wood's book on Reed. He offers his opinion on world politics and war shortages.
Lambert informs Truby of the death of Clyde West.
Kean complains that Lawrence Reed is not answering his letters. He comments on Laura Wood's new book on Reed. He is delighted with Truby's book and offers a suggestion to remedy a printing error.
Truby mentions the many complimentary letters about his book. He complains that he was not informed of an upcoming publication of Laura Wood's book on Reed, although he approves it. He reports that two more members of the Yellow Fever Roll of Honor have died.
Kean writes notes and memoranda about various yellow fever episodes.
Lambert recalls life at Military Hospital No. 1. He mentions Ames and Pinto, and comments on Truby's book.
Hench questions Kean about the yellow fever experiments at Camp Lazear.
The collection finding aid does not list all of the items that are housed in this file.
Kean describes Hench's visit to his house and admits that his memory is fading.
Hench promises to send Truby additional extracts from some of Reed's letters. Hench offers his opinion on people who are not fully backing the war effort.
Franck sends Kean a completed manuscript for Hench [not enclosed]. In a second letter on the same page, dated February 8, 1944, Kean writes to Hench that the manuscript is enclosed. He mentions a newspaper account of the launch of a ship named for James Carroll.
Truby writes about his health. He encourages Hench to get James Carroll's personal papers from Carroll's son. He discusses a nurse who served with him in Cuba.
Truby writes that the photographs of the yellow fever huts are authentic. He also states that the model of Camp Columbia by Yldefonso Perez is accurate and very well done.
Kean encloses a copy of a positive review of Truby's book and makes comments.
This review of Truby's book, Memoir of Walter Reed: The Yellow Fever Episode , is sent to Hench by Kean.
Hench describes receiving Reed's “New Year's Eve letter,” in which Reed described his thoughts on the transmission of yellow fever by mosquitoes.
Kean appreciates the copy of Reed's letter and photograph, although he is unable to identify anyone in the picture. He mentions a planned mural at a Cuban Military Hospital celebrating the conquest of yellow fever. After his death, his books will be donated to the University of Virginia.
Truby appreciates receiving the copy of a letter written by Walter Reed. He identifies persons in an old photograph. Truby asks for a copy of a different Walter Reed letter and comments on Kean's interview. He encloses a letter from Lawrence Reed complimenting Truby's book.
Lawrence Reed praises Truby's book on Walter Reed. He vividly remembers Truby's efforts to eradicate mosquito breeding sites.
Kean criticizes an article that claims Gorgas was ahead of his time when, in fact, he was slow to react to Reed's conclusions.
Kean discusses Finlay's mosquito theory and Reed's research.
Hench describes his visits with the Keans and Ramos. An exhibit of the Cornwall painting is planned in Cuba. He describes a mural by a Cuban artist entitled, “The Martyrs of the Conquest of Yellow Fever.”
In a letter of introduction to the Cuban Minister of Public Health and Sanitation, Hench requests assistance in protecting a building at the site of Camp Lazear. He discusses his plans to create a museum dedicated to the conquest of yellow fever.
Kean discusses Finlay's mosquito theory and Reed's experimentation. He comments on a planned mural depicting the story of yellow fever in Cuba.
Truby informs Hench that he does not want to become involved in the controversy of what others thought of Finlay's mosquito theory.
Kean relates a humorous anecdote about Wood. Kean goes on to discuss the problems of finding the exact moment when Guiteras was converted to the mosquito theory. He also discusses Pinto's role in the Yellow Fever Commission.
Special Orders #1 direct Truby, Presnell, and Schweiger to accompany the 1st U.S. Infantry to the United States. [Courtesy of the National Archives and Records Administration]
The collection finding aid does not list all of the items that are housed in this file.
Kean comments on his future travel plans. He extends an invitation to Hench to study his personal papers.
Lambert expresses great disappointment for the lack of recognition, in Truby's book, of his work at the yellow fever camp.
Kean encloses a clipping of Lazear's obituary and thinks it may be of value to Hench.
Truby emphasizes how important Lazear's lost notebook is. He believes it is in the hands of the Carroll family.
Hench informs Kean and Truby about Mabel Lazear's death. He hopes that Kean's health improves.
Hench plans to give Kean a questionnaire regarding his yellow fever experience. Hench also talks about how he came across the original contract between Reed and Fernandez.
Hench inquires about the claims made by Sternberg that he wanted the Yellow Fever Commission to conduct research on the mosquito theory and use human experimentation. Hench thinks that Reed was annoyed with these claims.
Hench thinks that Reed was independent of Sternberg in his yellow fever investigation and is trying to decide how much credit Sternberg deserves. Hench believes that Reed and Lazear worked out the project on their own.
Kean declines to write a chapter for Hench's book. He comments on the book's preparation.
Hench informs Kean that he has decided not to publish a preliminary memorial volume, and that he is unable to finish a full study anytime soon. He hopes to acquire a few important missing items concerning the yellow fever episode.
Hench describes his trip to California, where he met with the family of Jesse Lazear.
Truby uses Vaughan's book, “A Doctor's Memories,” to make reference to numerous events in the yellow fever investigation.
Kean discusses Lazear's discovery of intrinsic and extrinsic incubation in mosquitoes.
Hench discusses the history of the Kissinger family trying to obtain more pension money, including a plea for funeral expenses from Ida Kissinger for her husband.
Kean relates the history of the Kissinger family in their desire to obtain money and how Peabody organized the Kissinger Relief Fund. Kean goes on to say that there was an error in a pamphlet published by Peabody in the amount of pension money to be given to the Kissinger family.
Kean discusses "Special Order 83," issued by the Department of Western Cuba.
Hench reports on his family. He also doubts Lambert's story. He describes efforts to contact James Carroll's son, George. He also hopes to find some records from Carter.
Gilhus relates his experiences at Camp Columbia and describes the camp in detail.
Truby announces the death of Gilhus. He describes his last visit with Gilhus. He rejects Lambert's claims concerning the yellow fever experiments.
Hench rebuts Lambert's claim that Ames was a member of the Yellow Fever Board, replacing Lazear. He explains the criteria to be eligible to receive a pension and/or medal for participation in the yellow fever project.
Hench lists questions he has for Kean.
Kean discusses the Yellow Fever Commission, in response to Hench's questionnaire.
Kean discusses the Yellow Fever Commission, in response to Hench's questionnaire.
Franck informs Hench that she has mailed the original interview of Kean by Hench to Kean.
Franck asks Kean to correct the enclosed copy of his answers to earlier questions, sign his name, and mail it to Hench. Kean adds a note to Hench, dated June 19, 1946, in which he recalls a portrait which was done of himself.
Kean provides his recollections of the Yellow Fever Commission, in response to Hench's questions.
Truby discusses the Yellow Fever Commission in response to Hench's questionnaire.
Hench interviews Kean about the Yellow Fever Commission.
Hench provides as outline of questions for Truby about his book, “Memoir of Walter Reed.” Responses by both Truby and Hench are included for some of the questions.
Hench provides an outline of miscellaneous questions for Truby about the yellow fever investigation. Responses by both Truby and Hench are included for some of the questions.
Truby's answers to Philip Showalter Hench's questionnaire.
Truby adds more information to the answers he supplied for Hench's questionnaire. Truby believes Lambert is trying to discredit him because he didn't support the inclusion of Lambert and Ames on the Yellow Fever Roll of Honor.
The collection finding aid does not list all of the items that are housed in this file.
Truby tries to figure out from a photograph the exact room in which Reed died in Washington, D.C. Knowing that the Lazear notebook would answer very important questions regarding Reed's Preliminary Report, he also discusses various ways to get it from the Carroll family.
Hench attempts to resolve the differences of memory between the yellow fever experiment survivors. The number of buildings in the yellow fever section is in question and the camp's exact location is unclear.
Kean sends Hench letters (not included) from Finlay and gives Hench a very positive description of Guiteras.
Kean comments on an interview with Reed's children. He explains the reasons Reed obtained two medical degrees after his graduation from the University of Virginia.
Hench discusses the notes on Kean's yellow fever chart. He requests that Kean look over the letters written to Ames.
Hench is unable to resolve the discrepancy concerning the number of yellow fever huts. He discusses Siler's health. Lazear's daughter has her father's missing microscope.
Kean is upset over Ames' claim that he had experimental yellow fever, which he knows is incorrect.
Truby reviews yellow fever material. He is uncertain about the location of Reed's hospital room and is unsure how often he visited Reed in his final days. He refers Hench to Kean's diary. He identifies persons in the picture and encourages Hench to begin writing his book on Reed and yellow fever.
Kean recalls that Howard's play, “Yellow Jack,” incorrectly shows Lazear infecting XY without his consent.
Hench is delighted to receive letters from yellow fever collaborators. Lazear's daughter shows interest in Hench's research.
Truby asserts that Reed knew of Carter's and Finlay's theories long before Lazear. Consequently, Reed was the real pioneer in the mosquito theory, not Lazear. Truby is concerned that Hench supports Lazear as being the mosquito theory proponent instead of Reed.
Truby completes the questionnaires sent by Hench. He refers to two newspaper clippings citing another yellow fever collaborator, and suggests that Hench read several chapters in a book about Victor Vaughan.
Hench writes that he has heard Moran plans to write his memoirs. The Cuban government is interested in preserving Building No. 1, although they have made no concrete plans.
Moran wants Kean to explain to Nogueira that there shouldn't be any hostility between Cuba and the U.S. caused by distinguishing between Finlay “discovering” the mosquito theory and Reed “demonstrating” the theory. Kean also mentions his letter to Moran about Guiteras' speech given in Havana in 1900, which gives a proper analogy for the Finlay--Reed discovery.
Kean shares family news. He is glad to receive copies of Walter Reed's diplomas and describes Truby's visit. He is relieved to hear that Building No. 1, at Camp Lazear, will be preserved.
Moran discusses Cuban politics in general. He notes that the Finlay-Reed controversy is still ongoing, and there are strong anti-American sentiments connected with it.
Kean discusses his case of yellow fever. He maintains that there is no proof Ames ever contracted yellow fever. He writes that Lazear conducted secret experiments, and discusses Moran's draft of his memoirs.
Kean feels Moran is too contentious about the Cuban medical profession taking all the credit for the yellow fever discovery. Kean tells Hench the advice he gave Moran about how to approach his autobiography, or memoirs, without angering the Cubans.
Kean remembers a conversation with Gorgas, who believed that Reed had found a way of producing mild, non-fatal yellow fever. As such, Gorgas planned to start inducing experimental cases. Kean comments on the planned commemoration of Reed by the Fourth International Congress of Tropical Medicine and Malaria. He hopes that they will include a Cuban speaker for the event.
Nogueira inquires if any of the volunteers at Camp Lazear died from the yellow fever experiments.
With the help of Lawrence Reed, Truby saw the room where Walter Reed died. He notes that he saw old friends in Washington, and they all look distinctly older than 5 years earlier. Truby encloses a sketch locating the surgery and Lazear's house.
Truby sends sketches locating the Camp Columbia surgery and Lazear's house, attached to an explanatory note.
Kean informs Nogueira that there were no deaths through human experimentation at Camp Lazear. However, Andrus caused Reed great anxiety because he had a severe case of yellow fever.
Kean discusses Wallace Forbes, a yellow fever volunteer who disappeared November 24, 1926 while in the service. He suggests that Forbes' medal be given to his sister.
Hench discusses the room in which Reed died and his desire that it be memorialized. He wonders if the American Society for Tropical Medicine or some other organization would provide funds for a bronze plaque.
Truby provides a sketch of the room where Reed died in 1902.
Kean discusses the honorary degree given to Reed by Harvard University. Reed considered this one of the greatest honors in his lifetime. There is also a discussion of the proper quotation for the honorary tablet outside of the room where Reed died.
Hench wants to know if McCoy is still alive. He discusses the biography by Hagedorn which credits Wood with the suggestion that led Sternberg to form the Yellow Fever Commission.
Hench informs Truby that he has assembled all the necessary data from the National Archives. He would appreciate any comments Truby has to make about these materials. Hench makes comments and raises questions about the information in the documents.
Kean discusses the career of McCoy. He answers Hench's questions from a previous letter. According to Kean, Gorgas initially rejected Reed's mosquito theory.
Truby believes that Agramonte was an immune although there is no official documentation.
Hench mentions his interest in the story of Reed and yellow fever. He requests a meeting with McCoy to clarify a published statement.
Hench sends a detailed list to Lyons of the photographs, correspondence, and documents that are to be used at the unveiling of the bust of Reed in New York City.
Kean relates the incident in which Carroll broke quarantine and ruined the validity of the experiment. Reed told Kean that he was quite irritated with Carroll's actions.
Hench explains why he has not had time to write the yellow fever story. He hints about a possible breakthrough in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.
Truby thinks that it is crucial for Hench to get access to the Wood diary and the Lazear notebook, but encourages Hench to write his book even if he cannot see these items immediately. He also understands that Hench should not let the yellow fever project get in the way of his medical research.
Kean has attempted to identify the persons in the photographs from Truby, some of whom he describes. Kean discusses his large accumulation of personal papers and books, which will be deposited at the University of Virginia after his death. Kean describes his recent illness and its effects. He lists new members of the Walter Reed Memorial Association, and expresses his apprehension that Hench might not finish his yellow fever magnum opus.
Kean identifies people in a photograph of Lee's staff, from 1899. He cannot find some of his own papers and photographs that would help him with the identification.
Truby discusses photographs of Cuba. He includes one of his own drawings of the 8th Infantry Camp at La Punta.
The collection finding aid does not list all of the items that are housed in this file.
Truby congratulates Hench for his work in “that most terrible of all crippling diseases,” and asks him to help block the effort of Senator Lucas to have Gustaf E. Lambert admitted to the Yellow Fever Roll of Honor. He also states that Jernegan was the bravest volunteer.
Hench explains to Kean and Truby that he has been so occupied with cortisone research that he has had no time for his Reed project. He has accepted the position of chairman of a research committee on rheumatic diseases.
Tate informs [Hench] that he was the medical records clerk at Columbia Barracks during the yellow fever experiments. He claims that Ames was the real hero and yet became the forgotten man because he was simply a contract doctor.
Tate writes that he was under Truby's command in Cuba and has read all the books about the yellow fever experiments. He maintains that Truby's is the only real, factual account and requests a copy of the book.
Hench appreciates the letters from Sternberg and Finlay. He hopes to see the Wood papers the next time he is in Washington, D.C.
Tate, having learned of Hench's work with arthritis, requests Hench's help with his own arthritic condition. He begs forgiveness for his doubts of Hench's ability to write the story of the yellow fever experiments.
Kean informs Hench that Laura Wood was at the Library of Congress looking through her father's papers and was surprised to learn that there were no diaries for 1900 and 1901. Kean has told her that Hench is trying to determine whether her father or Gorgas initiated the war against the mosquitoes.
Truby commends Hench on his work with cortisone in treating rheumatic fever, and encloses two communications he has received from men who were at Columbia Barracks during the yellow fever experiments.
Tate identifies himself to Truby and asks if it would be possible for Truby to send him a signed copy of his book about the yellow fever experiments.
Special Orders #83 relieves Forbes of his assignment, assigns Morris and Kissinger to temporary duty at the experimental sanitary camp at Columbia Barracks, and orders Ames to report to Reed for temporary duty.
Tate believes that neither Lambert nor Ames belongs on the Yellow Fever Honor Roll. However, Tate believes that Lambert was courageous and Ames was a good doctor.
Kean corrects a case of mistaken identity in a photograph Hench had sent to him, and provides details about his assignments in Cuba.
Kean comments on a book by Powell that cites Reed's work and that of other physicians.
Truby provides Tate with information about Captain Alexander N. Stark.
Tate provides an autobiographical sketch and ponders why yellow fever seemed to spread to other parts of America from South America, but not from Africa to northern Africa or southern Europe.
Truby explains to Lambert the conditions for being placed on the Roll of Honor. Truby says that Ames does not meet these conditions, although he did take good care of the yellow fever volunteers.
Truby sends Hench a letter from Lambert, and Truby's reply to Lambert. He says that Lambert is evidently beginning another drive to get on the Roll of Honor.
Lambert promotes the work that Ames did in caring for yellow fever patients during the experiments. He thinks Ames did not get the recognition due him. He also points out that he, Lambert, was the only one who volunteered to care for patients.
Kean refers Hench to some letters from Sternberg to Reed and to Chaille, and comments on developments resulting from the yellow fever experiments.
Hench believes that Lambert wants Ames to be honored because it might help Lambert's own campaign to have his name included as well.
Kean comments on Lambert and Ames. He believes they should not be included in the Roll of Honor.
Hench informs the Trubys that Emilie L. Reed died.
Hench has notified Truman's physician, the Lazears' children, Moran, and Kellogg, about Emilie L. Reed's death. It is impossible for him to attend her funeral.
Robert Kean writes that his father, Jefferson Randolph Kean, is a patient at Walter Reed Hospital.
Hench writes to Truby that he was distressed to learn about the death of Kean. He praises Kean and his work.
Philip and Mary Hench send their condolences to Cornelia Kean, the widow of Jefferson Randolph Kean. Philip praises Kean's qualities as a physician, a soldier, and a Christian.
Hench writes about how much Jefferson Randolph Kean meant to him and how he combined dignity, scholarship, and integrity.
The report contains a memorial to Jefferson Randolph Kean.
The collection finding aid does not list all of the items that are housed in this file.
Kean writes Hench about her interactions with Standlee who is writing a biography of Reed. She encloses a copy of the letter she sent to Standlee, critiquing Standlee's manuscript. She mentions that Love is not happy with the way Standlee is writing of Reed.
Kean harshly criticizes Standlee's manuscript and states the reasons for her opinions. She includes a detailed list of corrections for the Standlee manuscript.
Truby is extremely critical of Standlee's manuscript, and believes that she is not competent to write an accurate account. He encloses a copy of his letter to her.
Truby reviews Chapter 3 of Standlee's manuscript.
Hench informs Truby that he is going to Cuba for a conference, but will not have time to do much with yellow fever research. Hench writes that the Cuban government has money to clean-up the site of Camp Lazear.
Mrs. Kean recommends using a public relations man to counteract the Cuban press. She encloses a letter of approval from herself to Hench praising his yellow fever history work.
Cornelia Kean praises Hench's yellow fever history work, especially in specifying the important roles of both Reed and Finlay. She states her hopes that a memorial in Cuba will enshrine them both.
Hench appreciates Cornelia Kean's approval of his efforts to memorialize the people involved with the yellow fever work in Cuba.
Truby discusses who should be included - and who should be excluded - on the plaque to be placed at Camp Lazear. He thinks that Barstad and Mazzuri should be excluded.
Hench congratulates Truby for his inclusion on the Camp Lazear memorial plaque. He comments on the ongoing repairs to Building No. 1.
Hench describes the memorial ceremony that the Cubans are planning at Camp Lazear. He regrets that illness will prevent the Trubys and others from attending the ceremony.
Kean encloses three letters for Hench to read.
Kean is unable to accept the invitation to attend the ceremonies honoring the heroes of the conquest of yellow fever.
Rodriguez Exposito invites Kean to a ceremony unveiling a bust of the heroes of the yellow fever experiments and a plaque honoring those involved in the experiments.
Love proofreads Kean's letter to the Cuban committee and suggests a spelling correction.
Hench requests that Truby write a formal statement of his appreciation to the Cubans for honoring Truby in the ceremony. Nogueira has indicated that Camp Lazear and Building No. 1 would retain their names.
Hench requests that Bonnie Kean write a formal statement showing her appreciation towards the Cubans for honoring her husband.
Truby tells Hench that he is depressed because he cannot attend the ceremonies in Cuba. He asks Hench to deliver the enclosed letter from himself to Jose Andreu thanking the Cuban government for including his name on the memorial.
Truby conveys to Andreu his deep appreciation at being honored by the Cuban government for his contribution to the yellow fever work. He is also pleased that Leonard Wood and Hanberry were included
Hench informs Truby that when Batista became the Cuban president there was a change in personnel in the health department. Consequently, Truby's letter of appreciation was addressed to the wrong person.
Truby appreciates the photos of the plaques, park, and Building No. 1 that Hench sent after attending the ceremonies in Cuba.
Truby, by examining the stubs of the checkbook used to disburse funds at Camp Lazear, analyzes the cost of the yellow fever experiments. He produces a figure of $6,500.
The collection finding aid does not list all of the items that are housed in this file.
Truby discusses the Camp Lazear National Monument and Nogueira's efforts in establishing the monument. Truby expresses his displeasure at the inaccuracies in an article about “Finlay Field.”
Hench inquires if it would be possible to determine the cost to the U.S. Army of the entire Yellow Fever Commission, beyond the regular pay of those involved.
Truby agrees to work on an estimate of the cost of the Yellow Fever Commission expenses.
Hench will send Truby copies of the checks in Kean's checking account, as well as the checkbook itself, so that Truby can estimate Camp Lazear's expenses.
Tate sends Truby his analysis of the checkbook stubs. He found it intriguing and wants Truby to see his results in case they highlight something Truby might have overlooked or help to verify his findings.
Tate analyzes the checkbook stubs for Camp Lazear. He thinks that Lambert has reason to feel upset, because he nursed yellow fever patients and the only extra check made out to him was for $20.
Tate generally agrees with Truby's interpretation of the check book figures. However, he believes that the cost of yellow fever in the United States was beyond computation in both personal and commercial losses.
Tate thinks that Truby's breakdown of the Camp Lazear costs is excellent. Their only point of disagreement involves confusion over the names Fernandez and Martinez.
[Tate] discusses the confusion of several names. He thinks that the man listed as Jose Martinez was really Jose M. Fernandez.
Tate responds to some of Truby's questions about gratuities, Martinez, and the problem of consecutive case numbers.
Truby comments on the financial records from Camp Lazear, which Hench had sent to him.
Hench appreciates Truby's analysis of the financial records from Camp Lazear.
Tate recollects his impressions about the members of the Yellow Fever Board. He encourages Truby to share his memories of Reed with Hench.
Truby describes his physical condition and also states that Finlay deserves credit for all the help he gave to Reed. He encloses a letter from John Kelly.
Kelly thanks Truby for the information he sent him about Finlay because the Universidad De Villanueva wants to honor him.
Hench informs Cornelia Kean about Truby's death. He thanks her for her help with his questionnaire. He mourns for Truby and Jefferson Randolph Kean.
Kean informs Hench that Cornelia Kean has died.
[Kean] gives a brief summary of conditions in Cuba before the arrival of the Yellow Fever Board. He provides an account of the activities of the Board, which ultimately shows the mosquito as the bearer of yellow fever. Included are notes by Truby.
Andrus describes the work of the Yellow Fever Board and his role as a volunteer. He provides exacting lists of his fellow volunteers and their cases of yellow fever.
The collection finding aid does not list all of the items that are housed in this file.
Pinto describes Reed's use of mosquitoes acquired from Finlay and the first experiments with volunteers.
Kean describes Reed's illness, death, and funeral.
[Hench] outlines details of the yellow fever investigation, including a diagram of the Board's laboratory at Columbia Barracks.
Simpson summarizes the life of Lemuel S. Reed, as he knew him through religious work, and gives an account of his death and funeral. Simpson conducted the funeral service.
The letter concerns Lamb's recollection of Walter Reed's last days.
Series VIII. Miscellany consists of oversize and miscellaneous materials in the Philip S. Hench Walter Reed yellow fever collection that were, for various reasons, not included in any of the other series in the collection. Items in this series date from around 1849 to 1982 with the bulk of the materials dating from 1885 to 1974. These materials include, but are not limited to the following:
The materials in this series do not appear to be ordered in any kind of formal arrangement scheme.
In this document, Philip Showalter Hench describes in detail the circumstances of his March 1948 trip to Cuba and events during the trip relating to his research about the yellow fever experiments and the erection of the Camp Lazear National Monument in Cuba.
The correspondence concerns Hench's corrections for Hill's book, The Doctors Who Conquered Yellow Fever .
The correspondence relates to Philip Showalter Hench's notes on a health heroes film.
Photograph of Mabel Houston Lazear removed from the file and refiled in Series IX. Photographs.
Photographs of Walter Reed and Emilie L. Reed were removed from the file and refiled in Series IX. Photographs.
The letter concerns the enclosed article.
The letter contains Philip Showalter Hench's comments about Ralph Nading Hill's manuscript.
H.R. 7544, if passed, would formally acknowledge the service of Roger Post Ames to the United States.
The postcards illustrate various medallions.
The records were photocopied and compiled by William Bennett Bean.
The correspondence relates to the Philip S. Hench Walter Reed yellow fever collection.
The correspondence relates to the Philip S. Hench Walter Reed yellow fever collection.
The correspondence relates to the Philip S. Hench Walter Reed yellow fever collection and the development of a Walter Reed biography by William Bennett Bean.
The correspondence relates to the Philip S. Hench Walter Reed yellow fever collection and the development of a Walter Reed biography by William Bennett Bean.
The file contains the articles, "Walter Reed and the Conquest of Yellow Fever "and "Conquerors of Yellow Fever "
This consent form includes the minimum age requirements, the limited liability of the Yellow Fever Commission, and the amount of money volunteers shall receive.
This consent form includes the minimum age requirements, the limited liability of the Yellow Fever Commission, and the amount of money volunteers will receive.
Emily Lawrence Reed's chart goes back to Daniel Rea I who died in 1662 and his wife Bertha. Hannah Peck Rea married John Vaughan Lawrence in 1836 and had 10 children, one of whom was Emilie Blackwell Lawrence who married Walter Reed. Walter Reed's chart goes back to Governor William Reed who died in 1738. The charts include descendants of the extended families through 1973. This was part of the William Bennett Bean papers.
Issues contain articles on the U.S. and Spanish peace commissioners.
The scrapbook contains photographs from newspapers and magazines of stage and film actresses as well as opera and concert singers. Several men are included. People represented are Viola Allen, Julia Arthur (Cheney), Anna Held, Madge Lessing (autograph and envelope addressed to Miss Emilie Lawrence Reed), Julia Marlowe (autograph), Maude Adams (autograph), Marguerite Lemon, Otis Skinner (autograph), Virginia Earl, Mary Mannering (autograph), Virginia Harned, Jessie Bartlett Davis, Caroline Miskel, William Gillett, Alice Nielsen (autograph), Edward Willard (autograph) and a note by Atcheson Hench.
It appears that around 52 photographs were removed from this file and included in Series IX. of the collection.
It appears that around 18 photographs were removed from this file and included in Series IX. of the collection.
The letter concerns the return of photographs in the collection from the University Press of Virginia to the University of Virginia Health Sciences Library.
It appears that 43 photographs and photographic negatives relating to Emilie Lawrence Reed's birthday party, meetings of the Board of Visitors of the Walter Reed Memorial Association, and other subjects were removed from this file and included in Series IX. and Series X. of the collection.
It appears that the envelope at one time contained 8 photographs.
It appears that the file at one time contained 7 photographs.
It appears that the file at one time contained 14 photographs.
The file at one time included up to 7 additional photographs of the hospital and a party celebrating Walter Reed with their photographic negatives.
The file at one time included up to 36 photographs of Finlay with their photographic negatives and copies of some of his articles.
The file at one time included photographs of Albert E. Truby, the Hench family, Jesse W. and Mabel Lazear, and the Walter Reed Memorial Association.
The envelopes at one time contained aerial photographs of Marianao.
The file at one time contained 19 photographs of the 1st military hospital, 2 portrait photographs of John J. Moran, and up to 7 aerial photographs of the Hospital Nacional.
The file at one time contained 46 aerial photographs and photographic negatives of Havana, Cuba and its environs.
The file at one time contained 72 photographs and photographic negatives showing Las Animas Hospital in Cuba.
The envelope once contained around 6 annotated photographs and maps of Camp Columbia in Cuba.
The envelopes once contained up to 22 photographs of La Ciudad Militar.
The envelope once contained photographs of Camp Lazear.
The envelopes at one time contained 151 photographs and 67 photographic negatives.
The issue contains an article with a picture of Emilie L. Reed.
The envelopes at one time contained photographs of the Camp Lazear National Monument dedication.
The file at one time contained 7 photographs of the Inglaterra Hotel and Delmonicos Restaurant in Havana, Cuba.
The envelopes at one time contained 23 photographs and 4 photographic negatives showing the headquarters of Fitzhugh Lee in Cuba.
The file at one time contained photographs and photographic negatives showing the Army Medical Museum and Library Building.
The file at one time contained 34 photographs.
The file at one time contained 32 photographs.
The file at one time contained 40 photographs relating to Cornwell's painting.
The file at one time contained 67 photographs and negatives relating to the Columbia Barracks an the barracks model.
The file at one time contained 44 photographs and negatives relating to Camps Lazear and Washington.
Weaver was named for Walter Reed. A photograph of Blossom Reed as a child was sent to him in Reed's correspondence. An obituary for Weaver and transcriptions of the letters are included.
Walter Reed and Emilie L. Reed conveyed land back and forth with E. and A. Wartman.
The letters relate to sanitation and hospital reports.
Includes reports from Walter Reed at Fort Robinson, Nebraska.
The program lists Jesse William Lazear as receiving the degree of doctor of medicine.
Includes a discussion by Walter F. Reed.
The article includes a report from Walter Reed.
Includes speeches or summaries by Walter reed on subacute bacterial endocarditis, diphtheria, and rabies.
The letter relates to Reed's duty as curator of the Army Medical Museum.
The letter concerns typhoid fever.
Reed is to travel to Cuba to determine causes of typhoid fever, return, and report.
Reed questions whether a test has been done as requested and gives further instructions for experiments.
Includes Haskins request to be assigned to Cuba and his court-martial proceedings. Walter L. Reed was a member of the court.
Walter Lawrence Reed was a member of the court-martial proceedings against Haskins. Haskins died in prison, possibly of yellow fever, and provided circumstantial evidence for the mosquito vector for yellow fever.
Includes a letter from Walter Reed.
Letter relates to Reed's duty as curator of the Army Medical Museum.
Reed bequeaths everything to his wife, Emily Lawrence Reed.
Most of the volunteers for Walter Reed's experiments on yellow fever came from this detachment.
Letter concerns a change of address.
Reed mentions Steward [John S.] Neate and Steward Williamson.
Tomlinson consents to be bitten by mosquitoes carrying yellow fever. Also included is a comment about men already immune to yellow fever volunteering for the experiments to get the money.
Walter Reed and Emily Reed convey real estate to George E. Gorton.
The letter relates to the inscription of James Carroll's monument (tombstone) in Arlington National Cemetery, includes an extract from regulations regarding monuments and markers in national cemeteries.
James C. Reed's letters concern the grave of Jesse V. Reed in France (died October 12, 1918) and of his reburial in Blackstone, Virginia in 1921. Lila Reed thanks A[tcheson] Hench for sending copies of the letters concerning the burial of her cousin.
Certificate card is in both English and Spanish. Donated by Philip Ulzurrun.
Donated by Philip Ulzurrun.
The letters relate to Walter Reed and Reed family members including Nellie Reed Elliot, Mrs. Douglas T. Elam, Lila Reed, and Alice Reed.
The notes relate to the relatives of Walter Reed including James Reed, Lila Reed, Lily Blackford, and Alice Reed.
Wyllie writes about Reed family members including Mrs. William E. Graves, Alice Reed, Elizabeth Reed, Mary Blincoe, Jack Dooley Reed, Texie P. Watts, and Mrs. Bowman.
The correspondence relates to Lemuel S. Reed and J.C. Reed and the Methodist Church.
Clemons informs Mrs. Moran that her husband's Medal of Honor arrived safely to the Alderman Library at the University of Virginia.
Hench encloses an article from the Winter 1951 issue of Virginia Cavalcade entitled "How a Reed was Bent ".
Groner, a cousin of Blossom, recounts Blossom's life in the memorial article.
Includes the article, "The Story of an Archive: Conquest of Yellow Fever "and a photograph of the yellow fever volunteers.
Elizabeth is the daughter of James C. Reed, a brother of Walter Reed.
The article is signed by del Regato to Miss Ane Freudenberg
Hanberry was one of the yellow fever volunteers and a Congressional Gold Medal recipient.
1 of 10 autographed engraver's proofs.
Series IX. Photographs consists primarily of photographs that Philip Showalter Hench created and collected while researching the yellow fever experiments. Items in this series date from around 1846 to around 1966 with the bulk of the items dating from around 1870 to around 1960. The subjects shown in the photographs include, but are not limited to the following:
Series IX. also includes a watercolor that was painted by Emilie Lawrence Reed.
Many of the photographs in this series are annotated with notes. Some of these notes appear to have been written by Philip Showalter Hench, while others were written by people associated with the yellow fever experiments (e.g. Albert E. Truby). It appears that many of the photographs were separated from related materials in other parts of the collection, particularly Series VIII., and rehoused housed in Series IX.
The collection finding aid does not list all of the items that are housed in this file.
Courtesy of U.S. Army Medical Museum
From left to right: Aristides Agramonte, Jesse W. Lazear, and James Carroll.
From left to right: Aristides Agramonte, Jesse W. Lazear, and James Carroll.
Belroi was the birthplace of Walter Reed.
Belroi was the birthplace of Walter Reed.
Belroi was the birthplace of Walter Reed.
Courtesy of the U.S. Army Medical Museum
Courtesy of U.S. Army Medical Museum
Photo by U.S. Army Signal Corps
Photo by U. S. Army Signal Corps
Photo by U. S. Army Signal Corps
Photo by U.S. Army Signal Corps
Photo by U.S. Army Signal Corps
Names of individuals in the photograph: 1. 1st Lieut. Albert E. Truby; 2. Alva S. Pinto, Contract Surgeon; 3. Raul Amador, Contract Surgeon; 4. Robert P. Cooke, Contract Surgeon; 5. A.H.S. Campbell; 6. A.H.S. Pahnke; 7. A.H.S. George Burton; 8. A.H.S. Cook; 9. A.H.S. Arnold; 10. Pvt. John R. Kissinger; 11. Pvt. Braemer; 12. Pvt. Thomas Kane; 13. Pvt. De Lamar; 14. Pvt. Warren G. Jernegan; 15. Pvt. John Morris; 16. Pvt. Lawrence; 17. Pvt. William Olsen; 18. Pvt. Samillion; 19. Pvt. Carr; 20. Pvt. Martin; 21. Pvt. William McHardy; 22. Pvt. Gustave Lambert; 23. Pvt. Tate; 24. Pvt. Thomas M. England; 25. Pvt. John E. Andrus; 26. Pvt. Harroldsen; 27. Pvt. Fred G. West, (Detachment Barber); 28. Pvt. Brent La Mar; 29. Pvt. James Toler; 30. Pvt. Thomas Brault; 31. Pvt. Frank Buholtz; 32. Pvt. James Byington; 33. Pvt. William Williamson; 34. Pvt. Young; 35. Pvt. Springer; 36. Pvt. Rutledge; 37. Pvt. William Robertson; 38. Pvt. Courtney; 39. Pvt. Frank M. Dawley; 40. Pvt. Edward Weatherwalks; 41. Pvt. Charles G. Sontag
A list that accompanies the photograph notes that, "This detachment had been commanded by Captain Alexander N. Stark. He was ordered to the United States in July, 1900. Later he returned and again succeeded to the position. This detachment furnished most of the volunteer's for Major Walter Reed's experiments on yellow fever." Photograph by US Army Medical Museum
The collection finding aid does not list all of the items that are housed in this file.
Charles Finlay was the son of Carlos Finlay.
Photo by US Army Signal Corps
Photo by US Army Signal Corps
Photo by US Army Signal Corps
Photo by US Army Signal Corps
Photo by U. S. Army Signal Corps
Standing in the photograph from left to right: Alfredo Dominquez Rieder, Aristides Agramonte, [s.n.] Taylor, A. Diaz Albertini, [unknown], and Hugo Roberts. Seated from left to right: Carlos Finlay and Juan Guiteras
Photo by US Army Medical Museum
The collection finding aid does not list all of the items that are housed in this file.
Photo from Army Medical Museum
Kelly was the author of Walter Reed and Yellow Fever .
William L. Lazear and Charlotte Clayland Pettigrew Lazear were the parents of Jesse W. Lazear.
William L. Lazear was the father of Jesse W. Lazear.
William L. Lazear was the father of Jesse W. Lazear.
Charlotte Clayland Pettigrew Lazear was the mother of Jesse W. Lazear.
The collection finding aid does not list all of the items that are housed in this file.
Mabel Houston Lazear was the wife of Jesse W. Lazear.
Jesse W. Lazear attended Trinity Hall.
Jesse W. Lazear is standing in the back row, second from the left.
Jesse W. Lazear is the seventh man standing from the right.
Jesse W. Lazear is standing in the back row, second from the left.
Photograph was possibly taken while Jesse W. Lazear was affiliated with Bellevue Hospital.
The collection finding aid does not list all of the items that are housed in this file.
Moran, who was a civilian clerk in Fitzhugh Lee's headquarters, was inoculated for yellow fever at Camp Lazear, Cuba on December 21, 1900.
The photograph is inscribed, "For my good friend, Dr. Philip S. Hench (Havana, Cuba Feb. 1938)" and it is signed by John J. Moran.
The photograph is inscribed, "For my good friend, Dr. Philip S. Hench (Havana, Cuba Feb. 1938)" and it is signed by John J. Moran.
Inscribed, "For my very good friend. Doctor Philip S. Hench, Havana Jan. 4, 1941" and signed by John J. Moran
The hospital was the site of Walter Reed's death.
The hospital was the site of Walter Reed's death. Courtesy of the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology
The hospital was the site of Walter Reed's death.
The hospital was the site of Walter Reed's death.
The hospital was the site of Walter Reed's death.
The hospital was the site of Walter Reed's death.
The hospital was the site of Walter Reed's death.
The hospital was the site of Walter Reed's death.
The hospital was the site of Walter Reed's death.
Morro castle can be seen in the background.
Photo by US Army Signal Corps.
Photo by US Army Signal Corps.
Inscribed, "Yours very sincerely" and singed by Smith.
The collection finding aid does not list all of the items that are housed in this file.
This is the last picture of Hideyo Noguchi before he died.
Photo by US Army Signal Corps.
Photo by US Army Signal Corps.
Courtesy of the Cuban Tourist Commission
The collection finding aid does not list all of the items that are housed in this file.
The collection finding aid does not list all of the items that are housed in this file.
Photo by US Army Signal Corps.
Courtesy of the Army Medical Museum
Photo by U.S. Army Signal Corps
The collection finding aid does not list all of the items that are housed in this file.
Photo by US Army Signal Corps.
Photo by US Army Signal Corps.
Photo by Cuban Tourist Commission, Havana (Cuba)
Photo by U.S. Army Signal Corps
Photo by U.S. Army Signal Corps
The collection finding aid does not list all of the items that are housed in this file.
Photo by US Army Signal Corps.
Photo by U.S. Army Signal Corps
Photo by US Army Signal Corps.
Photo by U.S. Army Signal Corps
The Cuban minister of health, Dr. Saladrigas is raising the flag.
The collection finding aid does not list all of the items that are housed in this file.
The collection finding aid does not list all of the items that are housed in this file.
The collection finding aid does not list all of the items that are housed in this file.
The collection finding aid does not list all of the items that are housed in this file.
The facsimile was produced by an unidentified person most likely between 1930 and 1960.
The facsimile was produced by an unidentified person most likely between 1930 and 1960.
The facsimile was produced by an unidentified person most likely between 1930 and 1960.
The facsimile was produced by an unidentified person most likely between 1930 and 1960.
The facsimile was produced by an unidentified person most likely between 1930 and 1960.
The facsimile was produced by an unidentified person most likely between 1930 and 1960.
The facsimile was produced by an unidentified person most likely between 1930 and 1960.
The collection finding aid does not list all of the items that are housed in this file.
Photo by National Library of Medicine, Bethesda (Md.)
Photo by National Library of Medicine.
Photo by National Library of Medicine, Bethesda (Md.)
Photo courtesy the US Army Medical Museum.
The collection finding aid does not list all of the items that are housed in this file.
US Army A.A.F. Photo.
The collection finding aid does not list all of the items that are housed in this file.
Photo by US Army Medical Museum.
According to Philip Showalter Hench the picture citation erroneously describes the structure in the image as Building Number One.
Photo by US Army Medical Museum
The collection finding aid does not list all of the items that are housed in this file.
Photograph annotated by Albert E. Truby.
Philip Showalter Hench made the photograph of the map in 1941. The annotations are undated.
Philip Showalter Hench photographed the map in 1941.
Philip Showalter Hench made this photograph in 1941 of an original copy of the map in the National Archives.
The collection finding aid does not list all of the items that are housed in this file.
The collection finding aid does not list all of the items that are housed in this file.
Ross was the British researcher who proved the connection between malaria and mosquitoes in 1899.
Lambert was the assistant to Dr. Roger Post Ames at Camp Columbia.
Series X. Photographic negatives consists of a mix of original and copy negatives that Philip Showalter Hench collected while researching the yellow fever experiments. Although the original images recorded on the negatives date from between the 1860s and the 1960s, it appears that the negatives themselves were produced during a narrower time frame, most likely between 1930 and 1966.
The negatives in Series X. record images associated with the yellow fever experiments and many of them are related to photographic prints found in Series VIII. Where a match between a negative and a print from these series has been made, the negative number has been written on the folder of the print in the physical collection. Finally, the negatives are generally arranged in numerical order by identification numbers that were most likely assigned by Philip Showalter Hench.
Series XI. Reprints consists of reprints and photocopies of journal articles, book extracts, book reviews and other published works that were primarily collected by Philip Showalter Hench while researching the yellow fever experiments. Items in this series date from 1856 to 1971 and cover a wide range of topics related to the study and eradication of yellow fever, including, but not limited to the following:
Most of the materials in this series are arranged in alphabetical order according to the last names of their authors. The remainder of the materials are arranged at the end of the series according to no apparent or formal organization scheme.
The collection finding aid does not list all of the items that are housed in this file.
The collection finding aid does not list all of the items that are housed in this file.
The collection finding aid does not list all of the items that are housed in this file.
The collection finding aid does not list all of the items that are housed in this file.
Series XII. Houston Academy of Medicine/Texas Medical Center additions consists of materials that Philip Showalter Hench created or collected while researching the yellow fever experiments. Items in this series date from around 1901 to around 1966. These materials were originally a part of the Philip S. Hench papers in the John P. McGovern Historical Collections and Research Center at the Texas Medical Center Library, but they were transferred to the University of Virginia in 1991. These items include, but are not limited to the following:
Materials in this series have been separated and arranged according to their genre (e.g. correspondence, photographs, and reprints).
The information in these documents relates to the site of Camp Lazear.
Ceremonies honoring Walter Reed were held at the Fourth International Congress on Tropical Medicine and Malaria.
The is issue devoted to Carlos J. Finlay.
Includes article by Pedro Nogueira, "Una aclaracion a un episodio de la historia de la fiebre amarilla"
Series XIII. Reed family additions consists of materials relating to the yellow fever experiments that several different donors gave to the University of Virginia. Items in the series date from around 1850 to 1967 with the bulk of the items dating from 1868 to 1949. The largest portion of the series is comprised of correspondence written by Walter Reed and his family between 1877 and 1902 that provide insights into their relationships and personal lives.
In addition to the Reed family's correspondence, the series also contains other materials relating to the Reed family and the yellow fever experiments including, but not limited to the following:
Christopher and James Clayton Reed are depicted in the photograph.
The notebook includes some notes of James Reed.
Reed describes his family life, his reunion with Emilie Lawrence Reed, and their journey to Camp Lowell.
Reed discusses finances, and offers advice on female health and education. He advocates against too much emphasis on academic excellence.
Reed teases Blincoe and her husband. He gives news of his wife and son and their life on the post, and he relates the progress of his Florida orange grove.
Reed consoles Blincoe after her husband's death.
Reed praises Blincoe's bravery after the loss of her husband. He sends money and promises to send more in the future.
Reed provides details of his personal finances. He relates news of his family, and he makes comments about her children. He offers his opinion regarding the religious revival at his son's school
Reed offers advice for Blincoe's daughter, Laura. He discusses his personal finances, and regrets that he cannot send her money.
Reed writes that he will send money to Blincoe. He asks about her family.
Reed sends Blincoe money.
Reed is sorry Blincoe's son, Lemuel, has left home. He gives advice on raising violets.
Reed writes to offer his house to the newlywed couple.
Reed provides details of the Reed family genealogy.
Reed provides genealogical information on the Reed family. Emilie Lawrence Reed has been with her mother, Hanna Rea Lawrence, after the death of Emilie's youngest brother, Edward F. Lawrence. Reed also comments on the war spirit in Washington.
Reed describes his vacation and bicycling. He comments on the upcoming presidential election.
Reed comments on family members. Lawrence Reed is in Cuba.
Reed discusses personal finances. He will send her money.
Reed sends Blincoe money.
Reed writes that Christopher Reed's son does not have tuberculosis. Reed has been in Cuba studying yellow fever but has returned to finish the typhoid fever report.
Reed writes about Blincoe's daughter, Laura.
Reed writes that he is glad to hear that his monthly contribution helps.
Reed discusses finances. He mentions honorary degrees he has been awarded.
James Reed inquires when Walter Reed died.
Lemuel Blincoe requests information on Walter Reed's funeral so he can attend.
Includes invitation to a memorial meeting of the medical society of the district of Columbia honoring Walter reed.
Review of "Ambassadors in white the story of American tropical medicine", by Charles Morrow Wilson.
Series XIV. P. Kahler Hench additions consists of original and photocopied materials that Philip Showalter Hench's son, P. Kahler Hench, donated to the University of Virginia in 1988 and 1989. Items in the series date from around 1860 to 1965 with the bulk of the materials dating from 1898 to 1965. Most of these items were collected or created by Philip Showalter Hench while researching the yellow fever experiments. These items include the following:
Series XIV. also contains correspondence and financial records that record the transfer of collection items from the Reed family to Philip Showalter Hench and later from the Hench family to the University of Virginia.
Reed describes the triumph of the Yellow Fever Commission's work, and a Congressional resolution of appreciation.
Emilie Lawrence Reed seeks a pension increase. She writes about Marie Gorgas' pension and discusses the public stature of William Gorgas.
[Kelly] writes that he supports Emilie Lawrence Reed's pension increase.
Emilie Lawrence Reed provides information on Walter Reed's favorite pet and her family life for Kelly.
As requested by Kelly, [Emilie Lawrence Reed] writes a description of Walter Reed's illness, treatment, and death.
Sternberg wants Reed to be examined for promotion by the Board of Medical Officers.
Sternberg discusses his theory of yellow fever and the necessary preventative measures to combat the spread of yellow fever.
Sternberg reports on the prevalence of yellow fever in Cuba. He relates the history of yellow fever epidemics, and provides statistics on yellow fever throughout Cuba.
Jefferson Randolph Kean discusses family news and life in Cuba.
Sternberg sends checks for research-related expenses.
Kean considers sending his family back to the United States because of the risk of yellow fever.
Louise Kean provides news about yellow fever.
Kean discusses the mystery of yellow fever, its effects and spread. He comments the state of sanitary conditions at the newly built Camp Columbia.
Louise Kean writes about family news and political intrigue in Marianao. She comments on Cuban politics.
Louise Kean mentions a mutiny on the Sedgewick and a reception for Senators at the governor's palace. Either Jefferson Randolph Kean or Gorgas will be named Chief Surgeon of the Department.
Louise Kean writes to her mother about consultations to secure Jefferson Randolph Kean's position as Chief Surgeon of General Lee's Province.
Louise Kean writes about quarantine and sanitation rules for yellow fever in Cuba, Jefferson Randolph Kean's work in Havana, and her plans to leave Cuba.
Louise Kean writes about daily life in Cuba and cases of yellow fever in Havana and on the Post.
Kean discusses the responsibilities of his new position as part of the Cuban government. He mentions his son and a visit to the Governor's palace.
Kean discusses the responsibilities of his new position as part of the Cuban government. He mentions his son and a visit to the Governor's palace.
Kean discusses efforts to control yellow fever, and notes the extent to which it has spread in the corps.
Kean writes about his rationale for remaining as Post Surgeon at Columbia Barracks instead of taking position at Fort McHenry, Baltimore. He comments on the lasting value of Reed's work.
Louise Kean discusses her decision to stay in Cuba and her life at the post. In a postscript she mentions the excitement surrounding the yellow fever experiments.
The Keans discuss social events among the army personnel and a move to new quarters. The postscript mentions the reaction of the popular press and the medical journals to the mosquito theory.
Louise Kean writes about cases of yellow fever and news of the family.
Louise Kean writes that Jefferson Randolph Kean's stepmother is coming to Cuba. She describes the excitement over the first case of experimental yellow fever at Camp Lazear.
Louise Kean writes about the success of Reed's yellow fever experiments with infected mosquitoes and clothing.
Sternberg responds to Reed's letter concerning the success of the experiments. He notes that he has received reprints of Reed's paper in the "Journal of Experimental Medicine."
Kean writes about studying for his upcoming promotion examination. He notes that the scientists are seeing important results from the mosquito experiments. A dinner will be held in honor of Finlay.
Sternberg informs Reed that he will send him to Pan-American Congress to present a supplemental paper.
Kean describes the round of New Year's parties, his children, and studying for his promotional exam. Kean also details the success of the mosquito experiments and the army's efforts to eliminate mosquitoes.
Kean discusses the health of friends back in the United States. He includes a satirical paragraph on the health of acquaintances.
Louise Kean writes that Jefferson Randolph Kean is in Washington, D.C. for his promotion exam. She mentions that Ames has contracted yellow fever and that she attended a memorial service for Queen Victoria.
Kean writes about his return to Cuba after a trip to the United States. Louise Kean has been active in charitable work around the Camp.
Louise Kean writes about the use of fumigation against yellow fever, the quarantine in New Orleans, and Jefferson Randolph Kean being placed in charge of the finances for the Yellow Fever Commission.
Kean discusses life at Camp Lazear; including acquaintances and political trouble involving his new quarters.
Louise Kean writes about yellow fever research, including the failed experiments of Caldas and Carroll's work.
Louise Kean writes about the Keans' travels, her daughter's ear infections, and a case of experimental yellow fever.
Sternberg provides his impressions of Reed and his work relative to Kelly's plans to write a biography of Reed.
The letter concerns the memorialization of Camp Lazear in Cuba.
In this document, Philip Showalter Hench describes in detail the circumstances of his March 1948 trip to Cuba and events during the trip relating to his research about the yellow fever experiments and the erection of the Camp Lazear National Monument in Cuba.
Contains the article entitled, "The Work of Dr. Walter Reed ".
This issue of the journal contains articles on yellow fever by Mary W. Standlee and S. William Simon.
Series XV. Laura Wood primarily consists of Laura Wood's correspondence relating to her research for a Walter Reed biography that she wrote. The series also includes, but is not limited to the following materials:
Items in Series XV. date from 1875 to 1946 with the bulk of the items dating from 1941 to 1946.
Series XVI. Edward Hook additions consists of copies of letters, articles, and photographs relating to the yellow fever experiments that had been collected by Edward W. Hook, Jr, a professor of medicine at the University of Virginia. The bulk of this series is comprised of copies of a small collection of James Carroll's correspondence. The original versions of Carroll's correspondence are not housed at the University of Virginia. In addition to the Carroll letters, this series also includes, but is not limited to the following:
Items in Series XVI. date from around 1880 to around 1998 with the bulk of the items dating from 1898 to 1901.