Waitman T. Willey Papers, 1820-1917 A&M 0003

Waitman T. Willey Papers, 1820-1917 A&M 0003


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West Virginia and Regional History Center

1549 University Ave.
P.O. Box 6069
Morgantown, WV 26506-6069
Business Number: 304-293-3536
wvrhcref@westvirginia.libanswers.com
URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu

Staff of the West Virginia & Regional History Center

Repository
West Virginia and Regional History Center
Identification
A&M 0003
Title
Waitman T. Willey Papers 1820-1917
URL:
https://archives.lib.wvu.edu/ark:/99999/196411
Quantity
9.2 Linear Feet, Summary: 9 ft. 2 1/4 in. (22 document cases, 5 in. each); (1 oversize folder, 1/4 in.)
Creator
Willey, Waitman T. (Waitman Thomas), 1811-1900
Location
West Virginia and Regional History Center / West Virginia University / 1549 University Avenue / P.O. Box 6069 / Morgantown, WV 26506-6069 / Phone: 304-293-3536 / Fax: 304-293-3981 / URL: https://wvrhc.lib.wvu.edu/
Language
English
Abstract
Papers of Waitman T. Willey (1811-1900), lawyer, senator, and founding father of West Virginia. A resident of Monongalia County, Willey was a delegate to the Constitutional Convention of 1850, the Secession Convention of 1861, the First Wheeling Convention of 1861, and the Constitutional Convention of 1871. He was U.S. Senator from the Restored Government of Virginia (1861-1863) and Senator from West Virginia (1863-1871). Includes several thousand pieces of incoming correspondence to Waitman T. Willey dating from 1833 to 1900 (bulk 1859-1869) concerning political, social, and economic affairs. There is much material on the temperance movement in Virginia (1845-1860), the Civil War, and the statehood movement in West Virginia. Also includes miscellaneous financial records (1837-1869) and legal papers (1820-1856); Willey's diary (entries from 1830-1899, posthumously added clippings through 1908); and other material. For more information about Willey, see the Historical Note.

Administrative Information

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Conditions Governing Access

No special access restriction applies.

Researchers may access digitized materials by requesting to view the materials in person by appointment or remotely by contacting the West Virginia & Regional History Center reference department at https://westvirginia.libanswers.com/wvrhc.

Preferred Citation

[Description and date of item], [Box/folder number], Waitman T. Willey Papers, A&M 0003, West Virginia and Regional History Center, West Virginia University Libraries, Morgantown, West Virginia.


Biographical / Historical

Waitman Thomas Willey, West Virginia pioneer, lawyer, Methodist churchman, and United States Senator, was born October 18, 1811, at Buffalo Creek, Virginia (near Fairmont in Marion County, West Virginia), the son of William Willey, Jr., former Revolutionary War soldier under General Anthony Wayne, and Sarah Barnes, a member of a prominent family of northwestern Virginia.

Willey's first twelve years were spent at Buffalo Creek where his father's farm was a frontier homestead isolated from the few towns in the area. In 1823, the family (which now included stepmother, Mary McCormack Willey) moved to a farm on the Monongahela River in Monongalia County near present-day Rivesville. Here, Willey received a rudimentary formal education with readings from the classics and the Bible.

In 1827, Willey walked the forty miles from his home to Uniontown, Pennsylvania to attend Madison College (later Allegheny College) where he excelled in classical studies and mathematics. After three and one half years he received a B.A. degree, and then read law in the office of Philip Doddridge and John Campbell in Wellsburg, Brooke County, Virginia. He was admitted to the bar in 1833; in addition, he received an M.A. degree from Augusta College in Kentucky in 1834.

Willey settled in Morgantown, Monongalia County, Virginia, in 1832, with his wife Elizabeth, daughter of Patrick Ray, a prominent citizen of Morgantown who was Clerk of the Court and a founder of the Morgantown Female Academy (to which he gave his home). The Willey family subsequently included seven children: Mary Ellen, wife of Dr. M.L. Casselberry of Morgantown; Sarah Barnes, wife of J. Marshall Hagans, distinguished judge; William Patrick, professor of law at West Virginia University; Julia, wife of Major William McGrew, Union Army officer, West Virginia state senator, and Morgantown banker; Thomas Ray, United States government clerk in the Interior Department; Louisa, unmarried, who remained at home; and John Byrne, deputy clerk of Monongalia County.

Waitman T. Willey maintained a successful and lucrative law practice in Morgantown for 67 years. He served as Monongalia County Clerk and clerk of the Circuit Superior Court from 1841 to 1852, and was Morgantown's first Superintendent of Schools. Willey had an early interest in politics and was an active member of the conservative Whig Party: he served as an elector for the Harrison-Tyler election of 1840, was an unsuccessful Whig candidate for Congress in 1852, an unsuccessful Opposition (Whig Party) candidate for Lt. Governor of Virginia in 1859, and a delegate to the Constitutional Union Party convention which nominated Bell and Everett for President and Vice President in 1860. In 1850, Willey had been a delegate to the Virginia Constitutional Convention where he championed western Virginia interests, white manhood suffrage, and governmental reforms. Again, in 1861, he was a delegate to the Virginia Convention that voted for secession (Willey voted against it). In the subsequent, Pro-Union, reorganized legislature (the "Restored Government of Virginia at Wheeling"), Willey was elected to Congress to complete the term of James M. Mason for two years. While in the Senate, Willey actively introduced legislation to admit West Virginia into the Union. The Reorganized Government proposed a new state Constitution that Willey supported in Congress in 1862. Following revision of the proposal to include emancipation of slaves and a favorable referendum by the West Virginia voters, statehood was achieved in 1863.

Willey returned to the Senate in 1863 and was elected to the full six-year term in 1865. During his tenure, he initially opposed Republican lawmakers over issues involving the war, confiscation of rebel property, and slavery. But because of his "ardent support" of the Union, Willey's political views evolved through the years to support Republican aims, including national emancipation of slaves and disenfranchisement of disloyal citizens. He considered the latter appropriate in order to keep "southern sympathizers" from gaining control of West Virginia and perhaps reuniting the state with Virginia. Although Willey was aligned with conservative Republicans in the Senate, he did vote for the Civil Rights Act of 1866, the Reconstruction Acts, the removal of President Johnson, and the 14th and 15th Amendments. He opposed the Freedman's Bureau and the Enforcement Acts of 1870. Many in West Virginia opposed Republican Party policies, and in 1870 the party lost control of state government. Willey left the Senate in 1871 and returned to his Morgantown law practice and the County Clerkship (1882-1890).

Willey remained active in politics throughout his later life. He served in the 1872 State Constitutional Convention and supported Republican Party policies and candidates, and was chairman of the West Virginia delegation to the GOP National Convention in 1876. He also continued his active service in the Methodist Church where he was an advocate for lay participation in the national conference and served as delegate from West Virginia in 1880. Willey was much in demand as a public speaker throughout his life -- he was called, "old man eloquent" -- because of his commanding appearance, "thrilling" voice, evident sincerity, and knowledge. He spoke frequently on Temperance, Methodist beliefs, politics, the classics, and history. He collected a large library, wrote numerous articles and a biography of Philip Doddridge. He received several honorary degrees, including LLD from Allegheny College and West Virginia University. Willey's last public appearance was at the funeral of Governor Pierpont when he gave a "stirring" eulogy. He was 88 years of age.

Waitman T. Willey, "Grand Old Man of West Virginia," died May 2, 1900, at his home, Chancery Hill, in Morgantown. His funeral was the largest ever held in Morgantown to that time. He was interred in Oak Grove Cemetery.

Notes: 1. In June, 1861, Willey was not present at the second convention in Wheeling at which the Reorganized Government of Virginia was established in preparation for statehood. His father and stepmother were fatally ill at the time and he was at home.

2. Willey never wrote a history of the statehood deliberations, politics, or conventions. He felt he was too biased to do justice to the history. No history was ever written by the participants.

Bibliography: 1. Ambler, C.H.; Waitman Thomas Willey , 1954, Standard Printing and Publishing C., Huntington, W. Va.

2. Corson, L.D.; Legislative Career of Waitman T. Willey , 1942, master's thesis, West Virginia University.

3. Moore, J.T.; "Waitman T. Willey," in Dictionary of American Biography , p. 426.

4. Obituary , Morgantown Weekly Post , Thursday, May 10, 1900.

5. Ware, A.F.; A Study of the Rhetoric of Waitman T. Willey in the West Virginia Statehood Movement , 1952, master's thesis, West Virginia University.

6. White, L.C.; West Virginia and Her U.S. Senators in the Impeachment of President Andrew Johnson , 1928, master's thesis, West Virginia University.

7. Willey, Waitman T.; "Liberty and Union," 1854, Wheeling, J.E. Wharton, publisher. A speech.

8. Willey, Waitman T.; address delivered before the Constitutional Convention of West Virginia in the City of Wheeling, 12 February 1863.

9. Willey, Waitman T.; "Historical Address," Celebration of the Municipal Centennial of Morgantown, 1885.

10. Willey, William P.; The Formation of the State of West Virginia, 1901, The News Publishing Co., Wheeling, W. Va.

Prepared by Carole B. Boyd, M.D., 2000.

Scope and Contents

Papers of Waitman T. Willey (1811-1900), lawyer, senator, and founding father of West Virginia. A resident of Monongalia County, Willey was a delegate to the Constitutional Convention of 1850, the Secession Convention of 1861, the First Wheeling Convention of 1861, and the Constitutional Convention of 1871. He was U.S. Senator from the Restored Government of Virginia (1861-1863) and Senator from West Virginia (1863-1871). Includes several thousand pieces of incoming correspondence to Waitman T. Willey dating from 1833 to 1900 (bulk 1859-1869) concerning political, social, and economic affairs. There is much material on the temperance movement in Virginia (1845-1860), the Civil War, and the statehood movement in West Virginia. Also includes miscellaneous financial records (1837-1869) and legal papers (1820-1856); Willey's diary (entries from 1830-1899, posthumously added clippings through 1908); and other material.

Series include:

Series 1a. Incoming Correspondence -- Transcribed/Copied, 1840–1898, boxes 1-4 Series 1b. Incoming Correspondence -- Non-Transcribed/Not Copied, 1833–1900, boxes 4-16 Series 2. Financial Records, 1837–1869, boxes 17-18 Series 3. Legal Papers, 1820–1856, boxes 19-20 Series 4. W.T. Willey's Diary, 1830–1908, boxes 21-22 Series 5. Miscellaneous, 1827-1917, undated, box 22 and unboxed

Related Material

1361

Subjects and Indexing Terms


Significant Persons Associated With the Collection

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Significant Places Associated With the Collection

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Container List

Series 1a. Incoming Correspondence -- Transcribed/Copied [boxes 1-4]
Mixed Materials Box: 1 Mixed Materials Box: 2 Mixed Materials Box: 3 Mixed Materials Box: 4 Folder: 1-10 1840–1898
Scope and Contents

This series includes letters written to Waitman T. Willey (WTW). The letters can be divided into four major categories: politics; governmental service and the Civil War; family and church affairs; and law and business activities. Willey wrote the name of the correspondent and the date on each letter.

The letters have been previously divided into "copied" (Series 1a.) and "not copied" (Series 1b.) categories; the former refers to a select number of the letters for which transcripts were made, apparently in connection with research by Ambler for his biography of Willey. These transcripts are filed in the Charles H. Ambler Collection (A&M 122, boxes 10-12). In general, the "copied" letters are more pertinent to Willey's political career, especially his senate tenure during the Civil War, and his Methodist Church activities. Although the "not copied" letters also include material regarding his political and church activities, they are more concerned with his law and business interests, and family and friends.
"Copied" (transcribed) letters are found in boxes 1 through 4, are numbered 1 through 1181, and date from 1833 to 1898.

"Not copied" (not transcribed) letters are found in boxes 4 through 16, are numbered 1182 through 7008, and date from 1833 to 1900.

The incoming letters encompass a variety of topics:

Everyday life in rural United States in the 19th Century (e.g., West Virginia); life in newly developed urban centers (e.g., St. Louis, Missouri, and Washington, D.C.); political life before the Civil War in Virginia and later in West Virginia; the plight of citizens and communities resulting from war (e.g., battle casualties and damage, reparation requests, loyalty "disabilities"); new territories and foreign countries visited by Willey's correspondents (e.g., the Western Territories of the USA, China, Japan, Central America, and Australia in the 1860s); the Methodist Church, temperance movement, school activities and needs (e.g., those of his sons and of the early years of West Virginia University).

The letters represent the opinions, observations, requests, and activities of Willey's correspondents, and Willey himself is seen only through their writings. Willey's thoughts and commentaries can be found in his two-volume diary (see Series 4, W.T. Willey's Diary, boxes 21-22).

Selected correspondents include:

Robert Anderson;
W.W. Arnett;
James Barns (WTW's uncle);
Gordon Battelle;
Alfred Beckley;
Judge Berkshire;
Jacob Blair (Minister to Costa Rica);
Governor Arthur I. Boreman of West Virginia;
R.M. Brown (U.S. Navy);
Gideon D. Camden;
Archibald W. Campbell;
John S. Carlile;
Secretary of Treasury [Salmon P.?] Chase;
Schyler Colfax;
John J. Davis;
Spencer Dayton;
H.C. Dean;
M.M. Dent;
H. Dering;
T.J. Evans;
Harrison Hagans;
J. Marshall Hagans;
Granville D. Hall;
Alpheus F. Haymond;
T. and L. Haymond;
Richard Garrett;
Nathan Goff;
Ulysses S. Grant (autograph);
John J. Jackson;
Governor John Letcher of Virginia;
Alexander Martin (West Virginia University President);
John L. Pendleton;
Francis H. Pierpont (governor of loyal Virginia);
T.P. Ray;
General Winfield Scott (copy of letter);
F.W. Seward;
W.M. Shinn;
Edwin M. Stanton;
Governor William E. Stevenson of West Virginia;
David Hunter Strother;
George W. Summers;
Peter G. Van Winkle (U.S. Senator with Willey);
Alexander L. Wade;
James O. Watson;
William J. Willey (regarding Virginia legislature, 1830s);
Willey's sons (William, John, Ray), daughters, and wife.

The letters are generally in good condition and legible. Many letters have the original franking information and/or stamps; envelopes are few in number. Many letters have embossed watermarks or printed letterheads, and typewritten letters appear during the late 1800s.

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Series 1b. Incoming Correspondence -- Non-Transcribed/Not Copied [boxes 4-16]
Mixed Materials Box: 4 Folder: 11-12 Mixed Materials Box: 5 Mixed Materials Box: 6 Mixed Materials Box: 7 Mixed Materials Box: 8 Mixed Materials Box: 9 Mixed Materials Box: 10 Mixed Materials Box: 11 Mixed Materials Box: 12 Mixed Materials Box: 13 Mixed Materials Box: 14 Mixed Materials Box: 15 Mixed Materials Box: 16 1833–1900
Scope and Contents

This series includes letters written to Waitman T. Willey (WTW). The letters can be divided into four major categories: politics; governmental service and the Civil War; family and church affairs; and law and business activities. Willey wrote the name of the correspondent and the date on each letter.

The letters have been previously divided into "copied" (Series 1a.) and "not copied" (Series 1b.) categories; the former refers to a select number of the letters for which transcripts were made, apparently in connection with research by Ambler for his biography of Willey. These transcripts are filed in the Charles H. Ambler Collection (A&M 122, boxes 10-12). In general, the "copied" letters are more pertinent to Willey's political career, especially his senate tenure during the Civil War, and his Methodist Church activities. Although the "not copied" letters also include material regarding his political and church activities, they are more concerned with his law and business interests, and family and friends.
"Copied" (transcribed) letters are found in boxes 1 through 4, are numbered 1 through 1181, and date from 1833 to 1898.

"Not copied" (not transcribed) letters are found in boxes 4 through 16, are numbered 1182 through 7008, and date from 1833 to 1900.

The incoming letters encompass a variety of topics:

Everyday life in rural United States in the 19th Century (e.g., West Virginia); life in newly developed urban centers (e.g., St. Louis, Missouri, and Washington, D.C.); political life before the Civil War in Virginia and later in West Virginia; the plight of citizens and communities resulting from war (e.g., battle casualties and damage, reparation requests, loyalty "disabilities"); new territories and foreign countries visited by Willey's correspondents (e.g., the Western Territories of the USA, China, Japan, Central America, and Australia in the 1860s); the Methodist Church, temperance movement, school activities and needs (e.g., those of his sons and of the early years of West Virginia University).

The letters represent the opinions, observations, requests, and activities of Willey's correspondents, and Willey himself is seen only through their writings. Willey's thoughts and commentaries can be found in his two-volume diary (see Series 4, W.T. Willey's Diary, boxes 21-22).

Selected correspondents include:

Robert Anderson;
W.W. Arnett;
James Barns (WTW's uncle);
Gordon Battelle;
Alfred Beckley;
Judge Berkshire;
Jacob Blair (Minister to Costa Rica);
Governor Arthur I. Boreman of West Virginia;
R.M. Brown (U.S. Navy);
Gideon D. Camden;
Archibald W. Campbell;
John S. Carlile;
Secretary of Treasury [Salmon P.?] Chase;
Schyler Colfax;
John J. Davis;
Spencer Dayton;
H.C. Dean;
M.M. Dent;
H. Dering;
T.J. Evans;
Harrison Hagans;
J. Marshall Hagans;
Granville D. Hall;
Alpheus F. Haymond;
T. and L. Haymond;
Richard Garrett;
Nathan Goff;
Ulysses S. Grant (autograph);
John J. Jackson;
Governor John Letcher of Virginia;
Alexander Martin (West Virginia University President);
John L. Pendleton;
Francis H. Pierpont (governor of loyal Virginia);
T.P. Ray;
General Winfield Scott (copy of letter);
F.W. Seward;
W.M. Shinn;
Edwin M. Stanton;
Governor William E. Stevenson of West Virginia;
David Hunter Strother;
George W. Summers;
Peter G. Van Winkle (U.S. Senator with Willey);
Alexander L. Wade;
James O. Watson;
William J. Willey (regarding Virginia legislature, 1830s);
Willey's sons (William, John, Ray), daughters, and wife.

The letters are generally in good condition and legible. Many letters have the original franking information and/or stamps; envelopes are few in number. Many letters have embossed watermarks or printed letterheads, and typewritten letters appear during the late 1800s.

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Series 2. Financial Records [boxes 17-18]
Mixed Materials Box: 17 Mixed Materials Box: 18 1837–1869
Scope and Contents

This series consists of Waitman T. Willey's financial records, including bills, checks, orders, and receipts.

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Series 3. Legal Papers [boxes 19-20]
Mixed Materials Box: 19 Mixed Materials Box: 20 1820–1856
Scope and Contents

This series includes Waitman T. Willey's legal papers, specifically uncategorized legal documents.

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Series 4. W.T. Willey's Diary [boxes 21-22]
Mixed Materials Box: 21 Mixed Materials Box: 22 1830–1908
Scope and Contents

This series includes two volumes of Waitman T. Willey's personal diary. Volume 1 covers the years 1830-1899. Volume 2 includes clippings added posthumously and covers the years 1899-1908.

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Series 5. Miscellaneous [box 22 and unboxed]
Mixed Materials Box: 22 Folder: 1-4 Mixed Materials Unboxed 1827-1917, undated
Scope and Contents

This series includes a folder of miscellaneous material (1827-1917); and an account book for "Line Ferry," operator George Frankenberry, with entries for 1830-1856. The oversize folder includes an envelope, Willey's diploma from Madison College (1832), Willey's diploma from Augusta College (1834), and Willey's license to practice law (1832).

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